【考研类试卷】宁波大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年及答案解析.doc

1、宁波大学翻译硕士英语学位 MTI 考试真题 2013 年及答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.我们将高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系，加快推进经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整，着力保障和改善民生，努力巩固经济社会发展良好势头。我们将坚持“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，同广大香港同胞、澳门同胞携手努力，保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定。我们将坚持“和平统一、一国两制”的方针，继续推动两岸关系和平发展，维护中华民族根本利益，增进两岸同

2、胞共同利益。 和平、发展、合作是时代的呼唤，是各国人民共同利益之所在。当前，世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展，各国相互依存日益加深，但世界经济复苏的不稳定性不确定性上升，国际和地区热点此起彼伏，世界和平与发展面临新的机遇和挑战。中国将继续恪守维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策宗旨。 （分数：40.00）_2.有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有多大的才能。人际关系就是一种善于听取别人的意见，体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力。善于处理人际关系的人敢于承认错误，敢于承担自己的责任，这是对待错误的一种成熟和负责任的态度。这就是为什么许多平平庸庸的公司雇员在大调整中保住了位置，而有才

3、能的人反而下岗。因为他们很注意处理各方面的关系，所以八面玲珑，到处有缘。而人际关系差的人往往不能处理好批评。碰到错误，他们首先想到自己，拒不承认自己有错，或情绪低落或大发雷霆，成为有刺的人，难以相处。 （分数：35.00）_3.While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the s

4、ignificant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and mor

5、e from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once showed its close relationship with literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Soci

6、al science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. During this transfer traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of eviden

7、ce in the historical study. （分数：25.00）_4.Since Darwin biologists have been firmly convinced that nature works without plan or meaning, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution exactly as Darwin knew it and described it

8、 be planless and irrational? Do not aircraft design engineers work at precisely that point where specific calculations and plans give out according to the same principle of evolution when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel in order to

9、choose the one that functions best? Can we say that there is no process of natural selection when nuclear physicists through thousands of computer operations try to find out which materials in which combinations and with what structural form are best suited to the building of an atomic reactor? They

10、 also practise no designed adaptation but work by the principle of selection. But it would never occur to anyone to call their method planless and irrational. （分数：25.00）_5.Within a very short time of coming back into power, the present government had taken steps to stabilize the position. First of a

11、ll, we applied ourselves to identifying the root causes of our national ailments examining contemporary evidence and refusing to be slaves to outmoded doctrinaire beliefs. Secondly, we embarked on a reasoned policy to ensure steady economic growth the modernization of industry and a proper balance b

12、etween public and private expenditure. Thirdly, by refusing to take refugeas the previous Government had continually done in the preceding yearsin panic-stricken stop-gap measures, we stimulated the return of international confidence. As a result of those immediate measures and aided by the tremendo

13、us effort which they evoked from our people who responded as so often before to a firm hand at the helm, we weathered the storm and moved on into calmer waters and a period of economic expansion and social reorganization. （分数：25.00）_宁波大学翻译硕士英语学位 MTI 考试真题 2013 年答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.我们将高举中国特色社会

14、主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系，加快推进经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整，着力保障和改善民生，努力巩固经济社会发展良好势头。我们将坚持“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，同广大香港同胞、澳门同胞携手努力，保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定。我们将坚持“和平统一、一国两制”的方针，继续推动两岸关系和平发展，维护中华民族根本利益，增进两岸同胞共同利益。 和平、发展、合作是时代的呼唤，是各国人民共同利益之所在。当前，世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展，各国相互依存日益加深，但世界

15、经济复苏的不稳定性不确定性上升，国际和地区热点此起彼伏，世界和平与发展面临新的机遇和挑战。中国将继续恪守维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策宗旨。 （分数：40.00）_正确答案：()解析：We will hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidelines of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, and further carry out the Scientif

16、ic Outlook on Development. We will continue to properly deal with the relationship among maintaining a stable and relatively fast economic growth, adjusting economic structure and managing inflation expectations. We will accelerate the change of economic development mode and structural adjustment, f

17、ocus on ensuring and improving people“s livelihood and work hard to consolidate the healthy momentum of economic and social development. We will uphold the principles of “one country, two systems“, “Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong“ and “Macao people governing Macao“ with a high degree of autono

18、my. We will work together with our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao to maintain long-term prosperity and stability in the two Special Administrative Regions. We will adhere to the principles of “peaceful reunification and one country, two systems“, continue to promote the peaceful development of c

19、ross-Straits relations, maintain the essential interests of the Chinese nation and enhance the common interests of compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Straits. Peace, development and cooperation are the calls of the time and serve the common interests of people of all countries. At present, the

20、world is moving further towards political multi-polarity and economic globalization while countries are depending more and more on each other. However, the recovery of the world economy is facing growing instability and uncertainty. International and regional hot issues have cropped up one after ano

21、ther. World peace and development are facing new opportunities and challenges. China will continue to follow its diplomatic mission of maintaining world peace and promoting common development. 解析 我们将高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系，加快推进经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整，

22、着力保障和改善民生，努力巩固经济社会发展良好势头。 本句符合汉语“一逗到底”的特点，句子很长，但要根据意思给句子分层。第一层是“我们将高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和三个代表重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观”，表示的是思想层面。第二层是“继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系”，主要是要处理好三方面关系。第三层是“加快推进经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整，着力保障和改善民生，努力巩固经济社会发展良好势头”，表达的是具体操作层面。 汉语常用重复以强化表达效果，“贯彻落实”表达的是一个意思，合二为一，直接翻译为“carry out”。“加快推进经济发展方式

23、转变和经济结构调整”中“转变和调整”在翻译中合二为一，译为“change”。 We will hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidelines of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, and further carry out the Scientific Outlook on Development. We will continue to properly

24、deal with the relationship among maintaining a stable and relatively fast economic growth, adjusting economic structure and managing inflation expectations. We will accelerate the change of economic development mode and structural adjustment, focus on ensuring and improving people“s livelihood and w

25、ork hard to consolidate the healthy momentum of economic and social development. 翻译政府文件类材料，要多关注政府工作报告以及领导人演讲材料，熟悉政治术语和常用表达方式。2.有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有多大的才能。人际关系就是一种善于听取别人的意见，体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力。善于处理人际关系的人敢于承认错误，敢于承担自己的责任，这是对待错误的一种成熟和负责任的态度。这就是为什么许多平平庸庸的公司雇员在大调整中保住了位置，而有才能的人反而下岗。因为他们很注意处理各方面的关系，所以八面

26、玲珑，到处有缘。而人际关系差的人往往不能处理好批评。碰到错误，他们首先想到自己，拒不承认自己有错，或情绪低落或大发雷霆，成为有刺的人，难以相处。 （分数：35.00）_正确答案：()解析：Sometimes, what counts in your career is not your professional skills but the interpersonal skills. To deal with interpersonal relationship is to follow others“ advice, be sensitive towards others“ demands

27、and take the criticism well. He who is adept at interpersonal skill dares to admit his mistakes and shoulder his responsibility, which is a mature and responsible manner towards mistakes. This is why many mediocre employees can keep their position but those talented people are being laid off when th

28、ere is an extensive readjustment in the company. And those mediocre ones intend to build close relationship with others thus getting lots of friends. But those with poor interpersonal skills actually are unable to accept being criticized. When confronted with faults in the job, they firstly consider

29、 themselves faultless and they may be either depressed or furious. Thus, they are considered to be too capricious to deal with. 解析 人际关系就是一种善于听取别人的意见，体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力。 本句结构简单，主句是“人际关系是能力”，这样分析的话，发现原句是有问题的，“关系”不可能是一种“能力”，把“关系”中省略的部分补充完整就是，“处理人际关系的能力”或是“人际交往技巧”，这样句子就完整了。 “体察”在汉语中是“体会观察”的意思，不能直接理解为“观察”

30、，前者是用心的而后者是用眼的，翻译为“sensitive”，是“善于理解他人感觉”的意思，与句意相符。 To deal with interpersonal relationship is to follow others“ advice, be sensitive towards others“ demands and take the criticism well. 汉语是意合型语言，有些意思只能意会不能言传，但英文是逻辑较强的形合型语言，注重前后逻辑贯通，句子结构完整，所以在汉英翻译中，首先要正确地理解原文意思，其次对于短缺的部分要用增译法翻译出来。 碰到错误，他们首先想到自己，拒不承认

31、自己有错，或情绪低落或大发雷霆，成为有刺的人，难以相处。 根据句意将句子分层，第一层是“碰到错误，他们首先想到自己，拒不承认自己有错”，写的是碰到错误时的情况。第二层是“或情绪低落或大发雷霆”，写的是表现。第三层是“成为有刺的人，难以相处”，写的是结果。 “有刺的人”不能直译为“a man with thorn”，没有传达出原文的意思。这句话的理解追溯至前文“或情绪低落或大发雷霆”，就是写这种人是“情绪多变的人”，也就是所谓的“有刺的人”，故在这里使用了“capricious”表“反复无常的，任性的”之意。 When confronted with faults in the job, the

32、y firstly consider themselves faultless and they may be either depressed or furious. Thus, they are considered to be too capricious to deal with. 在汉英翻译时，对于带比喻的表达，如果保留原文形象符合英语语法规范则可以保留，反之则直接把意思译出即可。3.While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most c

33、losely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. Interest in historical methods has arisen less throug

34、h external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once showed its close relationship with literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking n

35、ew questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. During this transfer traditional historical methods wer

36、e augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. （分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：历史学家对历史的定义都有各自的界定，但现代历史学家的研究趋向于把历史看作是在还原过去发生的重大历史事件并对其做出解释。由于受自身时代及地位的限制，每一代历史学家都在重新定义对于过去的历史来说什么才是最重要的。人们对历史方法的兴趣并不是由外部对历史作为一门学科合法性地位的挑战引起的，而是源于历史学家自己的内部争论。历史曾经与文学以及

37、哲学的关系很密切，但新兴的社会科学似乎提出了新的问题并为理解过去的历史提供了有益的解决方法。当然，社会科学方法论必须调整以受历史资源支配，而不是受当代世界需要的制约。在这个转变中，那些解读历史研究新材料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。 解析 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and expla

38、in the significant events of the past. 本句首先是由 while 引导了一个转折句，表示“尽管但是”，而且从句是一个“there be”句型。主句较为复杂，主语是“modern practice”，谓语动词是“conform to”，宾语是“one”，宾语后面接了一个 that 引导的定语从句，定语从句中有一个“see.as”的词组，“as”的宾语“attempt”后又接了一个目的状语。 practice 的本义是“实践”，但直译为“现代实践”的话，读者会不知所云，深入理解得知它指的是“历史实践”，但还有一定的模糊性，最后直接译为“历史研究”，符合文义。

39、历史学家对历史定义都有各自的界定，但现代历史学家的研究趋向于把历史看作是在还原过去发生的重大历史事件并对其做出解释。 During this transfer traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. 本句的主句是“traditional historical methods were augmented by additional method

40、ologies”，主句是一个被动句，被动谓语动词是“were augmented”，本句还包含一分词结构作定语，“designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study”修饰“methodologies”。 “augment”是“增加，提到”的意思，“traditional historical methods”由“additional methodologies”来增加，两种都是方法论，隶属于理论范畴，后者添加到前者，使前者的内容充实，译为“补充”。 在这个转变中，那些解读历史研究新材料的新方法充实了传统

41、的历史研究方法。4.Since Darwin biologists have been firmly convinced that nature works without plan or meaning, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution exactly as Darwin knew it and described it be planless and irrational? Do

42、 not aircraft design engineers work at precisely that point where specific calculations and plans give out according to the same principle of evolution when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel in order to choose the one that functions b

43、est? Can we say that there is no process of natural selection when nuclear physicists through thousands of computer operations try to find out which materials in which combinations and with what structural form are best suited to the building of an atomic reactor? They also practise no designed adap

44、tation but work by the principle of selection. But it would never occur to anyone to call their method planless and irrational. （分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：自达尔文之后，生物学家们一直深信大自然的运行是没有计划、没有意义的，不会按照设定的路线实现特定的目的。但今天，我们认识到这种看法是一个严重的错误。为什么进化正是按照达尔文所了解和描述的那样既没有计划也没有逻辑呢?飞机设计工程师为了在风洞中选择运转最好的一个模型，要对大量根据统计数据制造的模型的可靠性进

45、行测试，这时候，设计师们不正是根据同样的进化理论，来进行精细的测量与计算的吗?核物理学家要通过上千台计算机来找出哪些材料，以什么样的结合方式以及要具备什么样的结构形式才能与核反应堆的建造相匹配，我们难道可以说在这过程中没有自然选择吗?他们在调整适应的时候没有做任何计划，但他们是根据选择原理来工作的。但任何人都不会说他们的方法毫无系统与逻辑可言。 解析 Do not aircraft design engineers work at precisely that point where specific calculations and plans give out according to t

46、he same principle of evolution when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel in order to choose the one that functions best? 本句是一个较长的反问疑问句，主语是“engineer”，谓语动词是“work at”，宾语是“that point”。宾语后接一个 where 引导的定语从句，后面又接一个 when 引导的时间状语从句，在时间状语从句中，地点状语是

47、“in the wind tunnel”，目的状语是“in order to choose the one that functions best”。飞机设计工程师为了在风洞中选择运转最好的一个模型，要对大量根据统计数据制造的模型的可靠性进行测试，这时候，设计师们不正是根据同样的进化理论，来进行精细的测量与计算的吗? 翻译英文长句，在理解的基础上，理顺逻辑关系，从后往前进行翻译，因为英文一般把最重要的信息放在句子最后，而中文正相反，重要的在前，这就决定了在翻译中顺序的颠倒。 Can we say that there is no process of natural selection when nuclear physicists through thousands of computer operations try to find out