【考研类试卷】清华大学真题2005年及答案解析.doc

1、清华大学真题 2005 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Listenin(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Ploughs and other agricultural implements were on display at the recent exhibition.（分数：1.00）A.equationsB.playthingsC.toolsD.machinery2.My own inclination, if I were in your situation, would be to look for another position.（分数

2、：1.00）A.symptomB.likenessC.habitD.tendency3.The combination of lenses in a compound microscope makes possible greater amplification than can be achieved with a single lens.（分数：1.00）A.managementB.magnificenceC.magnetismD.magnification4.The degree of downward slope of a beach depends on its compositio

3、n of deposits as well as on the action of waves across its surface.（分数：1.00）A.sentimentB.sedimentC.semesterD.segment5.The rigor of the winter in Russia was often described by Mogol.（分数：1.00）A.harshnessB.perturbationC.dismayD.pessimism6.Nowadays, the prescribed roles of the man as “breadwinner“ and t

4、he woman as housewife are changing.（分数：1.00）A.ascribedB.prevalentC.originalD.settled7.A divorcee, Tom is the sole provider in a typical “single parent“ family.（分数：1.00）A.religiousB.spiritualC.exclusiveD.chief8.The old woman is chronically ill in bed and seldom goes out.（分数：1.00）A.seriouslyB.dangerou

5、slyC.continuallyD.incurably9.The driver stopped his car so abruptly that he was hit by the cab behind him.（分数：1.00）A.impolitelyB.violentlyC.suddenlyD.maladroitly10.Benin Mayer Alcott based the principal characters of her book Little Women on her sisters and herself.（分数：1.00）A.originalB.centralC.subj

6、unctiveD.oriental11.Largely due to the university tradition and the current academic milieu, every college student here works _.（分数：1.00）A.industriallyB.industriouslyC.consciouslyD.purposefully12.I dont think its sensible of you to _ your greater knowledge in front of the chairwoman, for it may well

7、 offend her.（分数：1.00）A.show upB.show offC.show outD.show away13._, he did become annoyed with her at times.（分数：1.00）A.Much as he liked herB.As he liked her muchC.Although much he liked herD.Much although he liked her14.If we dont stop flirting with those deathly nuclear weapons, the Whole globe will

8、 be _.（分数：1.00）A.empoweredB.punishedC.pollutedD.annihilated15.One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its ability to _ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.（分数：1.00）A.inventB.stimulateC.renovateD.advocate16.When in his rebellious years, that is when he was

9、 sixteen or eighteen, Frank Anderson _ going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late.（分数：1.00）A.took toB.took upC.took onD.took in17.In spite of the wide range of reading material specially designed or _ for language learning purposes, there is yet no effective and systematic p

10、rogram for the reading skills.（分数：1.00）A.appointedB.assembledC.acknowledgedD.adapted18.In 1816, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe _ Europe into a bloody War.（分数：1.00）A.imposedB.plungedC.pitchedD.inserted19.The municipal planning commission said that their financia

11、l outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax _.（分数：1.00）A.privilegesB.efficiencyC.revenuesD.validity20.The problem of pollution as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in _ again next spring.（分数：1.00）A.conventionB.conferenceC.sessionD.as

12、sembly二、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：40.00)On September 7, 2001, a 68-year-old woman in Strasbourg, France, had her gall bladder (胆囊) removed by surgeons operating, via computer from New York. It was the first complete telesurgery procedure performed by surgeons nearly 4, 000 miles away from their patien

13、t.In New York, Marescaux teamed up with surgeon Michel Gagner to perform the historic long-distance operation. A high-speed fiber-optic service provided by France Telecom made the connection between New York and Strasbourg. The two surgeons controlled the instruments using an advanced robotic surgic

14、al system, designed by Computer Motion Inc that enabled the procedure to be minimally invasive. The patient was released from the hospital after about 48 hours and regained normal activity the following week.The high-speed fiber-optic connection between New York and France made it possible to overco

15、me a key obstacle to telesurgery time delay. It was crucial that a continuous time delay of less than 200 milliseconds be maintained throughout the operation, between the surgeons movements in New York and the return video (from Strasbourg) on his screen. The delay problem includes video coding, dec

16、oding and signal transmission time.France Telecoms engineers achieved an average time delay of 150 milliseconds. “I felt as comfortable operating on my patient as if I had been in the room,“ says Marescaux.The successful collaboration (合作) among medicine, advanced technology, and telecomm unications

17、 is likely to have enormous implications for patient care and doctor training. Highly-skilled surgeons may soon regularly perform especially difficult operations through long-distance procedures. The computer systems used to control surgical movement can also lead to a breakthrough in teaching surgi

18、cal techniques to a new generation of physicians. More surgeons-in-training will have the opportunity to observe their teachers in action in telesurgery operating rooms around the world.Marescaux describes the success of the remotely performed surgical procedure as the beginning of a “third revoluti

19、on“ in surgery within the last decade. The first was the arrival of minimally invasive surgery, enabling procedures to be performed with guidance by a camera, meaning that the abdomen (腹部) and thorax (胸腔) do not have to be opened. The second was the introduction of computer-assisted surgery, where c

20、omplicated software algorithms (计算法) enhance the safety of the surgeons movements during a procedure, making them more accurate, while introducing the concept of distance between the surgeon and the patient. It was thus natural to imagine that this distance-currently several meters in the operating

21、room-could potentially be up to several thousand kilometers.（分数：10.00）(1).The title that best expresses the main idea is _.（分数：2.00）A.How the Second Revolution in Surgery Comes OutB.The Telesurgery RevolutionC.A Patient Was SavedD.Dream Comes True(2).The italicized word “telesurgery“ (Line 3, Para.

22、1) can be best explained as _.（分数：2.00）A.an operation done over a distanceB.an operation done on televisionC.an operation demanding special skillD.an operation demanding high technology(3).How long did it take the patient to resume her normal activity after the operation?（分数：2.00）A.24 hours.B.48 hou

23、rs.C.About a week.D.Almost a month.(4).What is the major barrier to telesurgery?（分数：2.00）A.Distance.B.Advanced technology.C.Delay.D.Medical facilities.(5).The writer implies that _.（分数：2.00）A.difficult operations can be successfully performed all over the world nowB.compared to the “third revolution

24、“ in surgery, the first two are less importantC.all patients can be cured by a gall bladder-removal operationD.a new breakthrough has been made in surgeryThe multi-billion-dollar Western pop music industry is under fire. It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse wo

25、rldwide. “The most worrisome development is a culture of drug-friendliness that seems to be gaining prominence (显著) ,“ said the UNs 13-member International Narcotics Control Board in a report released in late February 1998.The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the mo

26、st influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures. “Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana (大麻) or taking other drugs, and certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a persons lifestyle,

27、“ the study says.“Surprisingly“, says the Board, “the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by overdose (过量用药). Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of

28、recreational drug use.“ Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie stars-including Elvis Presley, Janice Joplin, John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbs-have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses. With the globalization of popular music, messag

29、es tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin. “In most countries, the names of certain pop stars have become familiar to the members of every household, “the study says.The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues-especially

30、 the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization, which encourages, rather than prevents, drug abuse. “Over the last years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive, “ says Harold Ghodse, president of the Board. “Powerful pressure

31、 groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs,“ he says. Ghodse also points out that all these developments have created an environment which is tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently underway.The present study, h

32、e says, focuses on the issue of demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse. The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are being

33、exposed.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements does the author tend to agree with?（分数：2.00）A.The use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes is an acceptable part of a persons lifestyle.B.The spreading of pop music may cause the drug abuse to go beyond the boundaries of the country.C.No efforts

34、 have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse.D.The governments have no ability to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture.(2).The italicized phrase “under fire“ (Line 1, Para. 1) means _.（分数：2.00）A.in an urgent situationB.facing some problemsC.being criticizedD.quite popular

35、(3).Under the influence of drug-friendly pop music, what might the youth think of the death of some pop stars caused by overdose?（分数：2.00）A.They tend to mourn the pop stars as role models.B.They are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse drugs.C.They try to confront the deadly effect of “recreatio

36、nal“ drug use.D.They may stop abusing the drugs.(4).Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a factor that has contributed to creating an environment tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse?（分数：2.00）A.The spreading of pop music.B.The media.C.Political campaigns run by powerful p

37、ressure groups.D.The low price of some drugs.(5).The pop music _.（分数：2.00）A.has a great influence on young people of most culturesB.only appeals to a small number of young peopleC.is not a profitable industryD.is the only culprit (罪魁祸首) responsible for drug amuseThe Alaska pipeline starts at the fro

38、zen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northern most state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely operating.The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless m

39、iles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels of crude

40、 oil can be pumped through it daily.Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents, “long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipelines

41、up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywher

42、e from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single busines

43、s could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous probl

44、ems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagements and even theft the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage primarily discusses the pipelines _.（分数：2.00）A.operating costsB.employ

45、eesC.consumersD.construction(2).The word “it“ (Line 3, Para. 1 ) refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.pipelineB.oceanC.stateD.village(3).The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipelines route EXCEPT the _.（分数：2.00）A.climateB.lay of the land itselfC.local vegetationD.kind of soil

46、and rock(4).How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline?（分数：2.00）A.3.B.4.C.8.D.12.(5).Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortium would pay?（分数：2.00）A.How much oil field land each company owned.B.How long each company

47、 had owned land in the oil fields.C.How many people worked for each company.D.How many oil wells were located on the companys land.Margherita is a London girl and arriving at Capital was like coming home. “I grew up listening to Capital Radio,“ she says. “People say, Wasnt it frightening, joining su

48、ch well-known presenters? But everyone here is so down to earth. It would be off putting if the others had people doing their make-up, or star signs on their office doors. But theres none of that-Mick Brown, for instance, finishes his show and wanders off to get the bus home with everyone else.“Marg

49、herita says that her own musical tastes varied. But she doesnt pick her own music for her shows. The Capital computer selects the records in advance from a list approved by the station managers. “The station has a certain sound, and if we all picked our own music, it wouldnt sound like Capital,“ she says. “But for someone who likes music, this is a dream job. I get to go to concerts and meet the bands you can hear on my show. Its great to hear the behind the scenes