【考研类试卷】清华大学考博英语-10及答案解析.doc

1、清华大学考博英语-10 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：40，分数：40.00)1.A good deal of the _ for his achievement in this field must go to his supervisor, Professor Fang. A. credit B. reputation C. respect D. praise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have t

2、o _ it. A. postpone B. refuse C. accept D. cancel（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.There is a high job mobility among young people as they will _ work one day and find a new job the next. A. depart B. reject C. quit D. leave（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The search for the lost ship must be _ because of poor weather. A. relea

3、sed B. resigned C. abandoned D. surrendered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The car one drives may show his/her _ or social position. A. curiosity B. status C. importance D. reputation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6._ is the question of using existing resources to produce original and beneficial solutions, ideas or products.

4、A. Creativity B. Productivity C. Application D. Combination（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Sometimes artists find it hard for their works to win popular _. A. welcome B. applause C. appetite D. appreciation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.In the _ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to USD 30 mi

5、llion. A. face B. time C. event D. course（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Why are some of us good at math, or writing, while others _ at art or basketball? A. work B. gaze C. aim D. excel（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The jet quickly _ into the sky and soon went out of our view. A. ascended B. launched C. assessed D. descen

6、ded（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The Great Wall is a great tourist _, drawing millions of visitors from all parts of the world every year. A. attention B. appointment C. attraction D. interest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Disabled people are now able to care for many of their own needs, _ educational goals, and maintai

7、n jobs. A. attempt B. pursue C. realize D. perform（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Tom could hardly _ his excitement as he knew that he had made a real discovery. A. conceal B. reveal C. show D. discover（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The goals and desires _ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor. A. sw

8、ing B. vary C. distinguish D. transfer（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The local authorities seemed to _ for the accident taking place last week. A. share B. take C. criticize D. blame（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a _ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion. A.

9、long B. forever C. lasting D. lively（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.The full _ of changes in computer technology will be felt within the next few years. A. affect B. impact C. action D. importance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The coming of automation is _ to have important social consequences. A. like B. frightful C. bou

10、nd D. compelled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.It is our _ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means. A. consistent B. considerate C. certain D. decisive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.The survey showed that _ numbers of 15-year-olds had already smoked twenty cigarettes a week. A. essential B. steady C. prim

11、ary D. substantial（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.Chemistry is closely _ with other studies: physics, biology and so on. A. corresponded B. concerned C. correlated D. cooperated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.The police _ to emergencies in just a few minutes when the accident happened. A. responded B. replied C. adjusted D

12、. appealed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.The destruction of rainforests has been _ as a disaster for the environment, A. blamed B. declared C. condemned D. appealed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.Shy people never _ set out to attract attention of other people. A. willingly B. voluntarily C. decidedly D. deliberately（分数：1.

13、00）A.B.C.D.25.Because of a recent obstacle in production, sales have dropped and accordingly profits have _. A. declined B. increased C. broken D. maintained（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.There has been an increase in attendance at lectures _ by the World Affairs Council, which brings international issues to p

14、ublic attention. A. developed B. sponsored C. advanced D. promoted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.It is not too late, but _ action is needed. A. fight B. urgent C. hurry D. prompt（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.His desire to _ other people has caused trouble in his family, A. please B. dominate C. force D. urge（分数：1.00）A.B

15、.C.D.29.Concerned people want to _ the risk of developing cancer. A. take B. decrease C. minimize D. claimed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.The badly wounded soldiers take _ for medical treatment over those only slightly hurt. A. priority B. measures C. chance D. responsibility（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.31.It is still no

16、t clear what _ a series of argument between them. A. contributed B. marked C. ignited D. triggered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.32.In order to survive now and _ in the future, 811 the working staff must constantly create new ideas for every aspect of your business. A. maximize B. thrive C. measures D. remain（分数：

17、1.00）A.B.C.D.33.Man may destroy the balance of nature, but from time to time, nature takes a terrible _. A. attack B. threat C. lesson D. revenge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.34.She _ the high unemployment figures as evidence of the failure of the government policy. A. cited B. recited C. listed D. lifted（分数：1.0

18、0）A.B.C.D.35.Since Japan _ importance to education and technological innovation, its economy has developed at a high speed. A. relates B. applies C. attaches D. connects（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.36.This policy gave _ to private property and led to differences between the rich and the poor. A. fife B. birth C

19、. way D. death（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.37.Humans should not develop their economy at the _ of the ecological environment. A. destruction B. pollution C. expense D. mercy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.38.We must try to _ the best of our moral values for our children and grand-children. A. replace B. remain C. generate D.

20、preserve（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.39.Proper clothes _ for much in business. Thats why you see most business people dress formally. A. count B. account C. allow D. Care（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.40.He was seriously injured in a car accident, which was _ to faulty brakes. A. attributed B. contributed C. blamed D. applie

21、d（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、BPart Reading (总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPassage One/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, a

22、nd then relied on “Persuasive salesmanship“ to move as much el these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers, It begins with first analyzing the

23、 preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first try to find out

24、 what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it according to consumer demand.This concept does not imply that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business activitythe firm and the customer, each must be satisfied before tr

25、ade occurs. Successful merchants and producer and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding customers, this concept has been recognized in such slogans as “Have It Your Way.“ And “Youre

26、the Boss.“ A good example of the importance of satisfying the consumer presented itself in mid 1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then mark

27、eted alongside the new. King Customer ruled!（分数：5.00）(1).A good knowledge of the difference between marketing and selling leads to _. A. the efficient production of goods B. a perfect command of salesmanship C. a basic command of the marketing concept D. the conversion of goods into money（分数：1.00）A.

28、B.C.D.(2).Not too long ago, industries focused on _. A. producing and selling goods B. the needs and wants of customers C. the selling of new products D. moving goods to the market（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The very core of marketing lies in _. A. all understanding of consumer needs B. the efficient movem

29、ent of goods C. developing new wants for consumer goods D. making goods readily available to customers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A successful business deal can take place only when _. A. the customer is satisfied at the expense of the company B. a company makes a big profit C. consumer satisfaction and co

30、mpany profit are given equal importance D. priority is given to the requirements of the customer（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The last sentence of the passage suggests that _. A. the consumer should be allowed to do things his own way B. the consumer should be treated like a king C. the consumer should have

31、the final say in the selling of any product D. the consumer should be advised on what to buy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、BPassage Two/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The biosphere is the name biologists give to the sort of skin on the surface of this planet that is inhabitable by living organisms. Most land creatures occupy

32、only the interface between the atmosphere and the land; birds extend their range for a few hundred feet into the atmosphere; burrowing invertebrates (无脊椎动物) such as earthworms may reach a few yards into the soil but rarely penetrate farther unless, it has been recently disturbed by men. Fish cover a

33、 wider range, from just beneath the surface of the sea to those depths of greater than a mile inhabited by specialized creatures. Fungi (真菌) and bacteria are plentiful in the atmosphere to a height of about half a mile, blown there by winds from the lower air. Balloon exploration of the stratosphere

34、 (同温层) as long ago as 1936 indicated that moulds and bacteria could be found at heights of several miles, recently the USAs National Aeronautics and Space Administration has detected them, in decreasing numbers, at heights up to eighteen miles. They arc pretty sparse at such levels, about one for ev

35、ery two thousand cubic feet, compared with 50 to 100 per cubic foot at two to six miles (the usual altitude of jet aircraft),and they are almost certainly in an inactive state. Marine bacteria have been detected at the bottom of the deep Pacific trench, sometimes as deep as seven miles; they are cer

36、tainly not inactive. Living microbes have also been obtained on land from cores of rock drilled (while prospecting for oil) at depths of as much as 1,200 feet. Thus we can say, disregarding the exploits of astronauts, that the biosphere has a maximum thickness of about twenty-five miles, Active livi

37、ng processes occur only within a compass of about seven miles, in the sea, on land and in the lower atmosphere, but the majority of living creatures live within a zone of a hundred feet or so. If this planet were sealed down to the size of an orange, the biosphere, at its extreme width, would occupy

38、 the thickness of the orange-colored skin, excluding the pith.In this tiny zone of our planet takes place the multitude of chemical and biological activities that we call life. The way in which living creatures interact with each other, depend on each other or compete with each other, has fascinated

39、 thinkers since the beginning of recorded history. Living things exist in a fine balance which is often taken for granted, from a practical point of view, things could not be otherwise. Yet it is a source of continual amazement to scientists because of its intricacy and delicacy. The balance of natu

40、re is obvious most often when it is disturbed. Yet even here it can seem remarkable how quickly it readjusts itself to a new balance after a disturbance. The science of ecologythe study of the interaction of organisms with their environmenthas grown up to deal with the minutiae of the balance of nat

41、ure.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, the “biosphere“ is the layer on the earths surface _. A. where the atmosphere meets the sea B. in which birds, fish and animals would die C. in which plant and animal life can exist D. in which earthworms and other invertebrates can live（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2)

42、.47 The writer states that fungi and bacteria _. A. are only found below the normal altitude of jet planes B. have been found well at the normal altitude of jet planes C. are not found below the surface of the earth D. are mainly found below the surface of the earth（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The passage s

43、ays that the biosphere _. A. extends only 1,200 feet below the earths surface B. is about seven miles in width C. is as much as twenty-five miles in thickness D. is a zone only about one hundred feet wide（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, the balance of nature is _. A. something which we sh

44、ould not take for granted B. most frequently apparent when it is upset C. only now becoming of interest to scientists D. very difficult to preserve（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The writer says that ecology is primarily concerned with the _. A. freer details of the balance of nature B. role of organisms in th

45、e environment C. way living creatures compete with each other D. way nature readjusts to a new balance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPassage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)As children get older, self-discipline should take the place of imposed discipline. Constrains become internalized and children begin to weigh from wi

46、thin the validity of their promptings (敦促). But their tendency to be sell-critical, to develop a code of their own, depends on the extent to which they must have kept critical company. The dialogue within reflects the dialogue without that is why discussion is so important during adolescence. Those

47、in authority over children will, therefore, attempt to get children to do what is sensible by appealing to their common sense instead of ordering them around or appealing to their own status, They will not say, “Im your father arid Im telling you not to smoke.“ but will point out the dangers involved. It is a further question, however, whether a childs acceptance of good reasons should be the criterion for his action. If a parent explains to a child why it is stupid and wrong to put objects on railway li