【考研类试卷】考研数学二-矩阵的特征值和特征向量、二次型(三)及答案解析.doc

1、考研数学二-矩阵的特征值和特征向量、二次型(三)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the United States, the first day-nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the (1) half of the 19th century; most of (2) were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S. , t

2、he day nursery movement received great (3) during the First World War, when (4) of manpower caused the industrial employment unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established (5) in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship. (6) the number of nurseries

3、 in the U. S. also rose (7) , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, (8) , Federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control (9) the day-nurseries, chiefly by (10) them and by inspecting and

4、regulating the conditions within the nurseries.The (11) of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day-nurseries in almost all countries, as women were (12) called upon to replace men in the factories. On this (13) the U.S. government immediately came to the support

5、 of the nursery schools, (14) $ 6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities (15) this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared (16) in day-care centers receiving F

6、ederal (17) . Soon afterward, the Federal government (18) cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later (19) them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their (20) at the end of the war was only part

7、ly fulfilled.（分数：10.00）(1).A latter B late C other D first（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A those B them C whose D whom（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A impetus B input C imitation D initiative（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A sources B abundance C shortage D reduction（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A hardly B entirely C only D even（分数：0.50）A

8、.B.C.D.(6).A Because B As C Since D Although（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A unanimously B sharply C predominantly D militantly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A therefore B consequently C however D moreover（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A over B in C at D about（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A formulating B labeling C patenting D licensing

9、（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A outset B outbreak C breakthrough D breakdown（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A again B thus C repeatedly D yet（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A circumstance B occasion C case D situation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A regulating B summoning C allocating D transferring（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A expanded B fa

10、cilitated C supplemented D compensated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A by B after C of D for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A pensions B subsidies C revenues D budgets（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A prevalently B furiously C statistically D drastically（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A abolished B diminished C jeopardized D precluded（分数

11、：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A nurseries B homes C jobs D children（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Henry Kissinger may be the most successful, certainly the most flamboyant, Secretary of State to hold that office in modern times. When he was ap

12、pointed in the late 1960s, there were no American ties with Communist China, Vietnam and Berlin seemed ready to draw the United States into a third world war, and Russia was seen as “the enemy“.But all this has changed, and Henry Kissinger caused much of the change; in 1971, he made his first trip t

13、o China, a trip that was the beginning of the current ties between the United States and China. He brought the United States and Russia closer together on major issues by the policy he called “detente“, literally meaning a relaxation. His philosophy was always to talk and to bring together. With the

14、se two policies, Kissinger did much to draw attention away from any possible Russia-American friction.In 1973 he made his first visit to Egypt. Here he was able to begin U.S. relations with Egypt. He used his contact later to begin the sort of talks that the American press called “shuttle diplomacy“

15、. For ninety-nine days, he “shuttled“ back and forth on flights between Cairo and Jerusalem to work out a step-by-step withdrawal of Israeli troops from the Sinai desert. His wit, his careful approach to detail, and his presence made “shuttle diplomacy“ work. It was the only successful approach to M

16、id-east peace in the thirty years since the state of Israel was founded.Another major work was the Strategic Arms Limitation Talk. Though his term in office passed with the treaty unsigned, Kissinger left a draft of the treaty to which the Russians had already agreed. The SALT treaty spelled out a o

17、ne-tenth reduction in nuclear arms, a major accomplishment by any standard, even if one does not consider all the other conditions and limitations included in the treaty.Even though he successfully helped bring an end to the Vietnam War, Kissingers final days in office were affected, as was the enti

18、re executive branch in one way or another, by the scandals of the Nixon White House. Kissingers critics point to his role in placing wiretaps on the phones of reporters and officials and to what they consider his “high-handed“ approach to setting foreign policy. But Kissinger, during the last few mo

19、nths of the Nixon presidency, limited the effects of American domestic problems on our foreign policy. He continued talks in the Middle East. He continued close contact with the Soviet Union.History will decide in the final view, as Kissinger-and many presidents-often said, on the value of his servi

20、ce. Whatever they decide, whether his actions are finally to be considered wise or foolish, he had a personal vision that will be difficult to match. (459 words)Notes: work out 制定。spell out 清楚地说明。wiretap 窃听(电话)。scandal 丑闻。（分数：10.00）(1).According to the context, the word “flamboyant“ most likely mean

21、sA notorious.B ambiguous.C showy.D arbitrary.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from the last paragraph of the text thatA “shuttle diplomacy“ seriously affected the SALT treaty.B Watergate scandals made Kissinger ineffective.C some of the things Kissinger initiated are still being worked out.D

22、Kissinger is an outstanding politician but unable to cope with domestic affairs.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The text does not directly say, but implies that KissingerA suffered a series of defeats while being in office.B significantly altered the direction of international relationships.C was unsuccessful

23、in bringing about peace in the Middle East.D played a more important role than the president during the Nixon administration.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The main idea of the text is thatA Kissinger helped smooth over many conflicts in the world.B as the Secretary of State, Kissinger was very influential in

24、 American foreign policy.C a lot of international conflicts would not have been resolved without Kissingers effort.D Kissinger did much to end the cold war with the Communist World.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors tone in the text may best be summarized as that ofA objectivity.B suspicion.C sympathy

25、.D admiration.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question. There is certainly much work which is exceedingly weary and an excess of work is always very painful.

26、I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness. There are in work all grades, from mere relief of tedium up to the profoundest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker. Most of

27、the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages. To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own

28、choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing. And whatever they decide, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter. To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people

29、have reached this level. Moreover the exercise of choice is in itself tiresome. Except to people with unusual initiative it is positively agreeable to be told what to do at each hour of the day, provided the orders are not too unpleasant. Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredom as the price

30、 of their freedom from toil. At times they may find relief by hunting big game in Africa, or by flying round the world, but the number of such sensations is limited, especially after youth is past, Accordingly the more intelligent rich men work nearly as hard as if they were poor, while rich women f

31、or the most part keep themselves busy with innumerable trifles of those earth-shaking importance they are firmly persuaded.Work therefore is desirable, first and foremost, as a preventive of boredom, for the boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is as nothing

32、in comparison with the boredom that he feels when he has nothing to do with his days. With this advantage of work another is associated, namely that it makes holidays much more delicious when they come. Provided a man does not have to work so hard as to impair his vigor, he is likely to find far mor

33、e zest in his free time than an idle man could possibly find.The second advantage of most paid work and of some unpaid work is that it gives chances of success and opportunities for ambition. In most work success is measured by income, and while our capitalistic society continues, this is inevitable

34、. It is only where the best work is concerned that this measure ceases to be the natural one to apply. The desire than men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for the extra comforts that a higher income can acquire. However dull work may be, it becomes bearable if

35、it is a means of building up a reputation, whether in the world at large or only in ones own circle.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the authors opinion about work?A Work can keep people busy as if they were poor.B Work is a cause of the greatest delight of life.C Work is very tiresome, especially when too exc

36、essive.D Work can at least give relief from boredom.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the authors opinion, what is the last product of civilization?A To make wise use of leisure. B To be free from hard work.C To keep oneself busy with trifles. D To work to some extent.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the pas

37、sage, to be told to do something is generally_.A respectable B acceptableC insulting D disgusting（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, success can mostly be measured in terms of_.A relationship B enjoymentC income D promotion（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).As put by the author, most of the work that m

38、ost people have to do is_.A delightful but time consumingB exceedingly dull and always painfulC not worth doing and bearable at allD not interesting but very rewarding（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist

39、is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “ how to“ aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects o

40、f the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the “how to“ material is based on personal experiences and general impression. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which

41、broad generalized principles can be developed. There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous

42、 research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical (经验的) aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pay

43、s little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive m

44、anner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting informati

45、on necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic inter

46、view by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analysis and even study, as this book indicates. （分数：10.00）(1).The main idea of the first paragraph is that A generalized p

47、rinciples for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalism B concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewing C importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing D personal experiences and genera

48、l impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Much research has been done on interviews in general_. A but journalistic interviewing as specific field has unfortunately been neglected B though the study of the interviewing techniques hasnt received much attention

49、C so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened D and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview, _. A but most of them wish to stay away from it B and many