【考研类试卷】考研英语(一)-50及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语(一)-50 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When a disease of epidemic proportions threatens the public, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of affliction and find ways to combat. Vaccination is one of the effective ways to protect the 1 popu

2、lation of a region or country which may be 2 grave risk. The process of vaccination allows the patient“s body to 3 immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can fight it 4 naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead 5 of the disease is actually injected into the pat

3、ient in a controlled environment, 6 his body“s immune system can learn to fight the invader 7 . Information 8 how to penetrate the disease“s defenses is 9 to all elements of the patient“s immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This

4、 makes sure that 10 the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to 11 with it, having already done so before. There are, however, dangers 12 in the process. 13 , even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves 14 much for

5、the body to handle, resulting in the immune system 15 , and, therefore, the patient“s death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, 16 to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly 17 the whole Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. 18 1 in 10,000 people who receive t

6、he vaccine 19 the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Consequently, the process, which is truly a 20 , may indeed hide some hidden curses.（分数：10.00）A.entireB.totalC.completeD.complexA.inB.atC.underD.beyondA.eliminateB.identifyC.developD.deliverA.upB.againstC.withD.offA.strainB

7、.spellC.seriesD.fitA.only ifB.so thatC.in caseD.seeing thatA.radicallyB.directlyC.properlyD.presumablyA.forB.ofC.toD.onA.transmittedB.transferredC.transportedD.transformedA.wouldB.shouldC.if onlyD.even ifA.handleB.familiarizeC.dealD.tackleA.availableB.plausibleC.accessibleD.inherentA.On occasionB.By

8、 contrastC.In additionD.On the contraryA.soB.tooC.ratherD.quiteA.hurtingB.hinderingC.deterioratingD.endangeringA.inventedB.discoveredC.investigatedD.designedA.wiped outB.ruled outC.break downD.died outA.FortunatelyB.ApproximatelyC.NaturallyD.SpecificallyA.infectsB.affectsC.effectsD.contractsA.luckB.

9、triumphC.blessingD.promise二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When, in the age of automation, man searches for a worker to do the tedious, unpleasant jobs that are more or less impossible to mechanize, he may very profitably consider the ape. If we tackl

10、ed the problem of breeding for brains with as much enthusiasm as we devote to breeding dogs of surrealistic shapes, we could eventually produce assorted models of useful primates, ranging in size from the gorilla down to the baboon, each adapted to a special kind of work. It is not putting too much

11、strain on the imagination to assume that geneticists could produce a super-ape, which is able to understand some scores of words and capable of being trained for such jobs as picking fruit, cleaning up the litter in parks, shining shoes, collecting garbage, doing household chores and even baby-sitti

12、ng, although I have known some babies I would not care to trust with a valuable ape. Apes could do many jobs, such as cleaning streets and the more repetitive types of agricultural work, without supervision, though they might need protection from those egregious specimens of Home sapiens who think i

13、t amusing to tease or bully anything they consider lower on the evolutionary ladder. For other tasks, such as delivering papers and laboring on the docks, our man-ape would have to work under human overseers; and, incidentally, I would love to see the finale of the twenty-first century version of On

14、 the Waterfront in which the honest but hairy hero will drum on his chest after literally-taking the wicked labor leader apart. Once a supply of nonhuman workers becomes available, a whole range of low IQ jobs could be thankfully given up by mankind, to its great mental and physical advantage. What

15、is more, one of the problems which has annoyed so many fictional Utopias would be avoided: There would be none of the degradingly subhuman Epsilons of Huxley“s Brave Nero World to act as a permanent reproach to society, for there is a profound moral difference between breeding sub-men and super-apes

16、, though the end products are much the same. The first would introduce a form of slavery, but the second would be a biological triumph which could benefit both men and animals.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the ape should be considered for certain jobs（分数：2.00）A.only if it is able to understan

17、d scores of wordsB.which do not require any intelligence at allC.that are not suitable for human hands to tackleD.which are boring and cannot be tackled with machines(2).By “the honest but hairy hero“ in paragraph 3 the author most probably refers to（分数：2.00）A.the human supervisorB.the geneticists a

18、s a wholeC.the non-human workerD.the man breeding super-apes(3).The author states that a supply of non-human workers for low IQ jobs would（分数：2.00）A.substitute them for humans completelyB.benefit man mentally and physicallyC.give rise to the opposition from geneticistsD.be a disadvantage to many hum

19、an workers(4).According to the author, breeding super-apes would be（分数：2.00）A.a problem related to moral standardsB.as bad as breeding sub-humansC.introducing a new form of slaveryD.an advance in biological studies(5).The author of this article is（分数：2.00）A.merely attempting to be humorous about the

20、 future workersB.revealing his high opinion of mankind“s prospectC.expressing his doubts about the possibility of breeding a super-apeD.presenting an applausible theory in a humorous tone五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely th

21、ere to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. But the desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust-jacket is irresistible. You soon become absorbed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize that you h

22、ave spent far too much time there. This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart“s content.

23、 If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting: “Can I help you, sir?“ You needn“t buy anything you don“t want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary. You have t

24、o be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say, ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing - something which had only vaguely interested yo

25、u up till then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Booksellers must be both long suffering and indulgent. There is a story which wei1 il

26、lustrates this. A medical student had to read a textbook which was far too expensive for him to buy. He couldn“t obtain it from the library and the only copy he could find was in his bookshop. Every afternoon, therefore, he would go along to the shop and read a little of the book at a time. One day,

27、 however, he was dismayed to find the book missing from its usual place and about to leave when he noticed the owner of the shop beckoning to him. Expecting to be reproached, he went toward him. To his surprise, the owner pointed to the book, which was tucked away in a corner. “I put it there in cas

28、e anyone was tempted to buy it,“ he said, and left the delighted student to continue his reading.（分数：10.00）(1).You may spend too much time in a bookshop because（分数：2.00）A.the dust-jackets are very attractiveB.you start reading one of the booksC.it is raining outsideD.you have to make sure you don“t

29、buy a dull book as a present(2).According to the text, in a good bookshop（分数：2.00）A.nobody takes any notice of youB.the assistant greets you in a friendly wayC.your heart is contentedD.you feel that you are in a music shop(3).It can be learned from the text that an assistant should offer you help（分数

30、：2.00）A.as soon as you have entered the shopB.just before you finish browsingC.only when you have finished readingD.when he leads you to a particular section(4).The author implies that it is very easy to enter a bookshop and buy（分数：2.00）A.a book on ancient coinsB.a best-selling novel on brass-rubbin

31、gC.a book that only vaguely interests youD.a book that unexpectedly fascinates you(5).The textbook the medical student was interested in was tucked away in a corner（分数：2.00）A.to prevent anyone from buying itB.because the medical student might take it awayC.in case the medical student was tempted to

32、buy itD.because it was a rare and expensive book六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Education is one of the key words of our time. A man, without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of unfortunate circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of

33、the importance of education, modern states “invest“ in institutions of learning to get back “interest“ in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, is punctuated by textbooks-those purcha

34、sable wells of wisdom what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on “facts and figures“ and more on a good mem

35、ory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of “college“ imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tr

36、adition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the “equal start“ which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to reach again. In primitive cultures the obligation to see

37、k and to receive the traditional instruction is binding on all. There are no “illiterates“-if the term can be applied to peoples without a script-while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1976, and is still non-existent in a number

38、 of “civilized“ nations. This shows how long it was before we considered it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the “happy few“ during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal

39、start. There is none of the hurry that, in our society, often hampers the fui1 development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents; therefore the jungles and the savages know of no “juvenile delinquency“. No necessity of making a living away

40、from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to “buy“ an education for his child.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “interest“ in the first paragraph most probably means（分数：2.00）A.pleasureB.returnsC.shareD.knowledge(2).According to the text, the author seems to be（分数：

41、2.00）A.against the education in the very early historic timesB.in favor of the educational practice in primitive culturesC.positive about our present educational instructionD.quite happy to see an equal start for everyone(3).It can be inferred from the text that（分数：2.00）A.some families now can hardl

42、y afford to send their children to schoolB.everyone today has an equal opportunity in educationC.every country invests heavily in educationD.we are not very certain whether preachers are necessary or not(4).According to the text, which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.One without educa

43、tion today has few opportunitiesB.We have not yet decided on our educational modelsC.Compulsory schooling is legal obligation in several countries nowD.Our spiritual outlook is better now than before(5).The best title for this text is（分数：2.00）A.The Significance of EducationB.Educational Investment a

44、nd Its ProfitC.Education and Modern CivilizationD.Education: A Comparison of Its Past and Its Present七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the great disparity between the native population of America in 1492-new estimates of which jump

45、as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the human race at that time-and the few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that chronic disease was an important factor in the sharp decline, and it is highly probable that the grea

46、test killer was epidemic disease, especially as manifested in virgin-soil epidemics. Virgin-soil epidemics are those in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenseless. That virgin-soil epidemics were

47、important in American history is strongly indicated by evidence that a number of dangerous maladies-smallpox, measles, malaria, yellow fever, and undoubtedly several more-were unknown in the pre-Columbian New World. The effects of their sudden introduction are demonstrated in the early chronicles of

48、 America, which contain reports of horrible epidemics and steep population declines, confirmed in many cases by quantitative analyzes of Spanish tribute records and other sources. The evidence provided by the documents of British and French colonies is not as definitive because the conquerors of tho

49、se areas did not establish permanent settlements and began to keep continuous records until the seventeenth century, by which time the worst epidemics had probably already taken place. Furthermore, the British tended to drive the native populations away, rather than to enslave them as the Spaniards did, so that the epidemics of British America occurred beyond the range of colonists“ direct observation. Even so, the surviving records of North America do contain references to deadly epidemics among the native population. In 1616-1619 an epidemic, possibly of pneumonic plague, swep