【考研类试卷】考研英语(一)-65及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语(一)-65 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It has been justly said that while “we speak with our vocal organs we 1 with our whole bodies. “ All of us communicate with one another 2 , as well as with words. Sometimes we know what we“re doing, as with the use of gestures

2、 such as the thumbs-up sign to indicate that we 3 . But most of the time we“re not aware that we“re doing it. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else“s eyes and 4 . These actions we 5 are random and incidental. But researchers 6 that there is a system of them almost as consistent and c

3、omprehensible as language, and they conclude that there is a whole 7 of body language, 8 the way we move, the gestures we employ, the posture we adopt, the facial expression we 9 , the extent to which we touch and distance we stand 10 each other. Body language serves a variety of purposes. Firstly i

4、t can replace verbal communication, 11 with the use of gesture. Secondly it can modify verbal communication. Loudness and 12 of voice is an example here. Thirdly it regulates social interaction: turn taking is largely governed by non-verbal 13 . Fourthly it conveys our emotions and attitude. This is

5、 14 important for successful cross-cultural communication. Every culture has its own body language, and children absorb its nuances 15 with spoken language. The way an Englishman crosses his legs is 16 like the way a male American does it. When we communicate with people from other cultures, the bod

6、y language sometimes help make the communication easy and 17 , such as shaking hand is such a 18 gesture that people all over the world know that it is a signal for greeting. But sometimes the body language can cause certain misunderstanding 19 people of different cultures often have different forms

7、 of behavior for sending the same message or have different 20 towards the same body signals.（分数：10.00）A.addressB.reverseC.converseD.conferA.nonverballyB.verballyC.vocallyD.univocallyA.refuseB.approveC.suspectD.alertA.look upB.look downC.look awayD.look backA.resumeB.assumeC.presumeD.consume(6).A. h

8、ave discoveredB. have invented C. pointed out D. have revealed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.A.levelB.extentC.groupD.rangeA.includedB.includingC.includeD.inclusiveA.wearB.put onC.bringD.holdA.toB.betweenC.withinD.fromA.as ifB.whenC.asD.likeA.pitchB.toneC.frequencyD.volumeA.signsB.gesturesC.movementsD.signalsA.spe

9、cificallyB.speciallyC.particularlyD.equallyA.alsoB.alongC.besidesD.aloneA.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.noneA.efficientB.affectiveC.effectiveD.effectualA.unusualB.uniqueC.ordinaryD.universalA.henceB.sinceC.thusD.andA.interpretationsB.implicativeC.understandingD.implications二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0

10、，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Spain“s government is now championing a cause called “right to be forgotten“. It has ordered Google to stop indexing information about 90 citizens who filed formal complaints with its Data Protection Agency. All 90 people wanted information del

11、eted from the Web. Among them was a victim of domestic violence who discovered that her address could easily be found through Google. Another, well into middle age now, thought it was unfair that a few computer key strokes could unearth an account of her arrest in her college days. They might not ha

12、ve received much of a hearing in the United States, where Google is based and where courts have consistently found that the right to publish the truth about someone“s past supersedes any right to privacy. But here, as elsewhere in Europe, an idea has taken hold individuals should have a “right to be

13、 forgotten“ on the Web. In fact, the phrase “right to be forgotten“ is being used to cover a batch of issues, ranging from those in the Spanish case to the behavior of companies seeking to make money from private information that can be collected on the Web. Spain“s Data Protection Agency believes t

14、hat search engines have altered the process by which most data ends up forgottenand therefore adjustments need to be made. The deputy director of the agency, Jesfis Rubi, pointed to the official government gazette (公报), which used to publish every weekday, including bankruptcy auctions , official pa

15、rdons, and who passed the civil service exams. Usually 220 pages of fine print, it quickly ended up gathering dust on various backroom shelves. The information was still there, but not easily accessible. Then two years ago, the 350-year-old publication went online, making it possible for embarrassin

16、g informationno matter how oldto be obtained easily. The publisher of the government publication, Fernando Prez, said it was meant to foster transparency . Lists of scholarship winners, for instance, make it hard for the government officials to steer all the money to their own children. “But maybe,

17、“ he said, “there is information that has a life cycle and only has value for a certain time. “ Many Europeans are broadly uncomfortable with the way personal information is found by search engines and used for commerce. When ads pop up on one“s screen, clearly linked to subjects that are of interes

18、t to him, one may find it Orwellian. A recent poll conducted by the European Union found that most Europeans agree. Three out of four said they were worried about how Internet companies used their information and wanted the right to delete personal data at any time. Ninety percent wanted the Europea

19、n Union to take action on the right to be forgotten. Experts say that Google and other search engines see some of these court cases as an assault on a principle of law already establishedthat search engines are essentially not responsible for the information they corral from the Web, and hope the Sp

20、anish court agrees. The companies believe if there are privacy issues, the complainants should address those who posted the material on the Web. But some experts in Europe believe that search engines should probably be reined in. “They are the ones that are spreading the word. Without them no one wo

21、uld find these things. “（分数：10.00）(1).“The right to be forgotten“ refers to public“s right to _.（分数：2.00）A.wipe out their criminal record from the webB.decide whether some information should be launched onlineC.use virtual names online to conceal their true identityD.have their personal information

22、deleted from the internet(2).The aim of “the right to be forgotten“ is to _.（分数：2.00）A.prevent privacy infringementB.guarantee freedom of speechC.advocate fair disclosure of informationD.restrain information circulation(3).Jess Rub mentions official government gazette in order to illustrate that its

23、 online publication _.（分数：2.00）A.changes the way the government discloses informationB.fosters public supervision over governmental affairsC.challenges the way government information is storedD.provides more access to previous confidential information(4).People claim the right to be forgotten for th

24、e following reasons except _.（分数：2.00）A.they fear some humiliation will follow personal information disclosureB.they resent their personal information being exploited by commercial companiesC.they resent the feeling being spied by others when surfing on internetD.they fear some governmental secrets

25、will be exposed and probed(5).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.the United States and the European Union goes in the same direction when it comes to privacy rightsB.releasing information online to some degree reduces the possibility of power abuseC.multinational corporation is no

26、t subject to the jurisdiction of foreign countriesD.search engines should not be blamed for privacy issues because they are information conveyer rather than provider五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In 1910, Henry Van Dyke wrote a book called “The Spirit of America, “ which opened with this sentence: “The Spi

27、rit of America is best known in Europe by one of its qualities energy. “ This has always been true. Americans have always been known for their manic dynamism. Some condemned this ambition as a scrambling after money. Others saw it in loftier terms. But energy has always been the country“s saving fea

28、ture. So Americans should be especially alert to signs that the country is becoming less vital and assiduous . One of those signs comes to us from the labor market. According to figures from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the United States has a smaller share of prime age

29、 men in the work force than any other G-7 nation. Part of the problem has to do with human capital. More American men lack the emotional and professional skills they would need to contribute. According to data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 35 percent of those without a high school diploma are

30、 out of the labor force, compared with less than 10 percent of those with a college degree. Part of the problem has to do with structural changes in the economy. Sectors like government, health care and high-tech have been growing, generating jobs for college grads. Sectors like manufacturing, agric

31、ulture and energy have been getting more productive, but they have not been generating more jobs. Instead, companies are using machines or foreign workers. The result is this: There are probably more idle men now than at any time since the Great Depression, and this time the problem is mostly struct

32、ural, not cyclical . This is a big problem. It can“t be addressed through the sort of short-term Keynesian stimulus some on the left are still fantasizing about. It can“t be solved by simply reducing the size of government, as some on the right imagine. It will probably require a broad menu of polic

33、ies attacking the problem all at once: expanding community colleges and online learning; changing the corporate tax code and labor market rules to stimulate investment; adopting German-style labor market practices like apprenticeship programs, wage subsidies and programs that extend benefits to the

34、unemployed for six months as they start small businesses. Reinvigorating the missing fifthbringing them back into the labor market and using their capabilitieswill certainly require money. If this were a smart country, we“d be having a debate about how to shift money from programs that provide comfo

35、rt and toward programs that spark reinvigoration. But, of course, that“s not what is happening. Discretionary spending, which might be used to instigate dynamism, is declining. Health care spending, which mostly provides comfort to those beyond working years, is expanding. Attempts to take money fro

36、m health care to open it up for other uses are being crushed . We“re locking in the nation“s wealth into the Medicare program and closing off any possibility that we might do something significant to reinvigorate the missing fifth. Next time you see a politician demagoguing Medicare, ask this : Shou

37、ld we be using our resources in the manner of a nation in decline or one still committed to stoking the energy of its people and continuing its rise?（分数：10.00）(1).The loss of American dynamism concerned by the author is mainly manifested in the fact that _.（分数：2.00）A.American young are more indolent

38、 than their counterparts in other countriesB.America suffered from a higher rate of unemployment than other countriesC.More American young are out of work than their counterparts in other countriesD.American young are obsessed with the incessant quest for material comforts(2).The word assiduous is c

39、losest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.industriousB.scholarlyC.manicD.optimistic(3).It is suggested in paragraph 3 that the dropping out of prime age labor force is partly due to _.（分数：2.00）A.their lack of ambitionB.overstaffed government organizationsC.the changes in industry accommodating themD.pessimi

40、stic economic outlook(4).To address the unemployment problem mentioned in this passage, the American government should _.（分数：2.00）A.divert more labor force from manufacturing sectors to high-tech sectorsB.roll out more programs to enhance the competitive edge of the joblessC.do nothing but wait for

41、the return of business cycleD.provide more unemployment pension to the jobless(5).It can be inferred from last two paragraphs that the author doubts about _.（分数：2.00）A.the effectiveness of medicare programsB.the feasibility of invigorating labor marketC.the rationality of capital allocation of gover

42、nmentD.the possibility of reversing US downward trend六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Belgian blue is an ugly but tasty cow that has 40% more muscle than it should have. It is the product of random mutation followed by selective breeding as, indeed, are all domesticated creatures. But where an old art ha

43、s led, a new one may follow. By understanding which genetic changes have been consolidated in the Belgian blue, it may be possible to design and build similar versions of other species using genetic engineering as a short-cut . And that is precisely what Terry Bradley, a fish biologist at the Univer

44、sity of Rhode Island, is trying to do. Instead of cattle, he is doing it in trout . His is one of two projects that may soon put the first biotech animals on the dinner table. The other project is led by Aqua Bounty. It is one thing to make such fish, of course. It is quite another to get them to ma

45、rket. First, it is necessary to receive the approval of the regulators. In America, the relevant regulator is the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA), which Aqua Bounty says it has been petitioning for more than a decade and which published guidelines for approving genetically engineered animals in

46、2009. Aqua Bounty has now filed its remaining studies for approval, and hopes to hear the result this year. Dr Bradley has not yet applied for approval. The FDA is concerned mainly with the healthfulness of what people put in their mouths, and it seems unlikely that the new procedures will yield som

47、ething that is unsafe to eat. But what happens if the creatures escape and start breeding in the wild? For that to be a problem, the modified fish would have to be better at surviving and reproducing than those honed by millions of years of natural selection. On the face of it, this seems unlikely,

48、because the characteristics that have been engineered into them are ones designed to make them into better food, rather than lean, mean breeding machines. But there is a chink in this argument. As Mark Abrahams, a biologist at Memorial University in Newfoundland, points out, it is not just the fish

49、that have been modified by man, but also the environment in which they could escape. Many of the creatures that eat salmon and trout, such as bears and some birds, have had their ranks thinned by human activity. Dr Abrahams thinks it possible that fast-growing salmon could displace the natural sort in places where predators are rare. Aqua Bounty is addressing such concerns by subjecting developing eggs to high pressures. The result, if all goes well, will be that animals follow plants down the biotech route. Whether people will