【考研类试卷】考研英语-105及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语-105 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. One thing is clear: the era of U(1) /Uoil is over. What we all do next will determine how well we meet the energy needs of the entire world in this century andU (2) /U.Deman

2、d is soaring likeU (3) /Ubefore. As populations grow and economiesU (4) /U, millions in the developing world are enjoying the benefits of a lifestyle thatU (5) /Uincreasing amounts of energy. In fact, some say that in 20 years the world willU (6) /U40% more oil than it does today. At the same time,

3、many of the worlds oil and gas fields areU (7) /U. And new energy discoveries are mainly occurring in places where resources are difficult toU (8) /U, physically, economically and even politically. When growing demand meetsU (9) /Usupplies, the result is moreU (10) /Ufor the same resources.We can wa

4、it until a crisis forces us to do something.U (11) /Uwe canU (12) /Uto working together, and start by asking theU (13) /Uquestions: How do we meet the energy needs of the developing world and those of industrialized nations? What role will renewables and U(14) /Uenergies play? What is the best way t

5、o protect our environment? How do we accelerate our conservation efforts?U (15) /Uactions we take, we must look not just to next year,U (16) /Uto the next 50 years.At Chevron, we believe that innovation, collaboration and conservation are theU (17) /U on which to build this new world. We cannot do t

6、his alone. Corporations, governments and every citizen of this planet must be part of the solution asU (18) /Uas they are part of the problem. WeU (19) /Uscientists and educators, politicians and policy-makers, environmentalists, leaders of industry and each one of you to be part ofU (20) /Uthe next

7、 era of energy.（分数：10.00）A.fossilB.eternalC.easyD.formidableA.afterB.beyondC.laterD.afterwardA.neverB.longC.everD.sometimeA.take onB.take toC.take offD.take afterA.acquiresB.requiresC.rescueD.inquiresA.consumeB.restrainC.resumeD.compriseA.emergingB.menacingC.eruptingD.maturingA.extractB.constructC.e

8、xtolD.extemporizeA.amplerB.surplusC.emergentD.tighterA.accommodationB.competitionC.stimulationD.cooperationA.Or elseB.NeverthelessC.OrD.AlbeitA.commitB.striveC.conductD.simulateA.novelB.toxicC.numerousD.toughA.alternateB.subterraneanC.alternativeD.abundantA.OnceB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.WhateverA.but the

9、nB.butC.but yetD.but forA.milestonesB.milieuC.cornerstonesD.correspondenceA.symbolicallyB.synchronouslyC.swiftlyD.surelyA.call uponB.call offC.call forthD.call overA.revokingB.reshapingC.revertingD.reversing二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BText 1/BOn the ground floor of the Federal Reserve building

10、in Washington, DC, there is an electronic game which tests a visitors skill at setting interest rates. You have to decide how to respond to events such as rising inflation or a stockmarket crash. If you get all the answers right, the machine declares you the next Fed chairman. In real life, because

11、of huge uncertainties about data and how the economy works, there is no obviously right answer to the question of when to change interest rates. Nor is there any easy test of who will make the best Fed chairman. So who would The Economist Select for the job?Alan Greenspan will retire as Fed chairman

12、 on January 31st, after a mere 18 （分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following questions does the text discuss?（分数：2.00）A.What is the content of the electronic game?B.Who could fill Alan Greenspans shoes?C.How to respond to events such as rising inflation?D.Who could change interest rates?(2).The phrase “cu

13、t the mustard“ in the second paragraph most probably means（分数：2.00）A.“be qualified“B.“lower interest rate“C.“be acquisitive“D.“spend spree“(3).Which of the following words best defines the relationship between the value of dollar and setting of interest rates?（分数：2.00）A.Counteractive.B.Naive.C.Inter

14、active.D.Novel.(4).Which of the following, according to the text, is a common phenomenon?（分数：2.00）A.Financial markets and stock markets crash due to the handover.B.Comment by the Fed chairman are invalid in the world financial markets,C.Inflation rises above 4%record high level.D.Remarks by the Fed

15、chairman can sway the world financial markets.(5).The author mentions “a housing bubble“ in the last paragraph so as to（分数：2.00）A.clarify the fact that Alan Greenspan will retire as Fed chairmanB.exemplify the rumor that Mr. Bush has a penchant for picking his pals to fill top jobsC.illustrate the n

16、otion that the present situations for a handover are hardly idealD.refute the theory that American economy has never looked so unbalancedBText 2/B“The essential qualities of a true Pan-Americanism“, remarked Franklin Roosevelt in 1933, “must be the same as those which constitute a good neighbour, na

17、mely mutual understanding and. a sympathetic appreciation of the others point of view.“ That is advice which the United States would do well to heed in its relations with its immediate neighbours, Canada and Mexico. Most Americans may not be aware of it, but frustrations and resentments are building

18、 just across their borders to both south and north.Of course, neighbourly ties in North America are closer than in Roosevelts day. Under the North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA), trade among the three countries has more than doubled since 1994 and cross-border investment climbed even faster.

19、In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001, the United States moved quickly to sign “smart border“ agreements with both Canada and Mexico, to try to ensure that the demands of security did not interrupt trade. By the standards of much of the 20th century, political ties between

20、 the United States and Mexico are warm.Yet go to either border and you wouldnt know all this. Fed up with the flow of illegal migrants from thc south, the governors of Arizona and New Mexico this month declared a state of emergency. Violence between drug gangs recently led the United States temporar

21、ily to close its consulate in Nuevo Laredo, the busiest border-crossing point. The American ambassador bluntly criticises Mexico for its failure to prevent drug-related violence along the border. That has prompted retaliatory verbal blasts from Mexican officials.Canadas mood is not much more cordial

22、. Since September 11th, Canadians and Americans alike have become less keen on popping over what they liked to call “the worlds longest undefended border“ for shopping or recreation. Canadians increasingly disagree with Americans over matters as varied as the Iraq war and gay marriage. They are disi

23、llusioned with NAFTA, claiming it has failed to prevent the United States from unlawfully punishing their exports of, for example, lumber.So what? Friction is in the nature of international relations, and the problems on the northern border are different from those in the south. Yet there is a commo

24、n denominator. Americans tend to see security, migration, drugs, even trade, as domestic political issues. But so they are for Canada and Mexico too. Like it or not, Americans rely on their neighbours for prosperity, energy and help with security. It behoves all three countries to show some “sympath

25、etic understanding“.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.the essential qualities of a true Pan Americanism were defined by Franklin RooseveltB.mutual understanding is one of the most far-reaching elements in North AmericaC.Few Americans may be aware of others p

26、oint of viewD.Americas friendship with Canada and Mexico risks going sour(2).Political relationship is discussed in the text so as to _.（分数：2.00）A.illustrate Canadas cordial mood toward Mexico and AmericaB.interpret the improved neighbourly ties in North AmericaC.foretell the prospect of internation

27、al relationsD.gauge the flow of illegal migrants from Mexico(3).The term “the south“ in the third paragraph most probably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.the Southern part of AmericaB.MexicoC.the Southern hemisphereD.the South Africa(4).According to the text, America and Canada have yet to reach consensus on

28、 _.（分数：2.00）A.lumber exportB.the Iraq reconstructionC.homo marriageD.defense of the worlds longest border(5).In the last paragraph of the text, the author intends to define _.（分数：2.00）A.the friction of the northern borderB.the significance of international tiesC.the difference between Canadians and

29、MexicansD.the importance of being good neighboursBText 3/BIt has long been the subject of speculation among the police and criminologists: what would happen if all the officers who now spend so much of their time taking statements, profiling criminals and moving pieces of paper around were suddenly

30、put on the streets? Crime figures released by Londons Metropolitan Police this week provide the best answer yet.Following the bombings of July 7th and 21st, thousands of police officers materialised on Londons pavements, many of them sporting brightly coloured jackets. Drawn from all over the city,

31、they were assigned to guard potential targets such as railway stations. The police presence was especially heavy in the bombed boroughs: Camden (which was struck three times), Hammersnrith and Fulham, Lamheth, Tower Hamlets, Westminster and the City of London.The show of force did not just scare off

32、 terrorists. There was less crime in July than in May or June, which As unusual: the warmer month tends to bring out criminal tendencies, as windows are left open and alcohol is imbibed alfresco. But the chilling effect was much stronger in the six boroughs that were targeted by terrorists. There, o

33、verall crime was down by 12% compared with July 2004. In inner London as a whole, crime fell by 6%. But in outer London, where the blue line was thinner, it went up slightly.Simon Foy, who tracks such trends at the Metropolitan Police, says that crime fell particularly steeply on the days of the att

34、acks, partly because of the overwhelming police presence and partly because “even criminals were watching their televisions“. What is significant is that crime barely rose thereafter. That was a change from the aftermath of September 11th 2001, when crime quickly soared just about everywherepossibly

35、 because officers were deployed only in the very centre of London.“The received wisdom among criminologists is that marginal changes in visible patrolling have little or no effect on crime,“ says Mike Hough, a criminologist at Kings College London. Julys experiment should put that argument to rest.

36、Even if offenders do not make rational calculations about the odds of being caughtwhich was low both before and after the bombings-they will Be moved by a display of overwhelming force.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the word “materialise“ mean in the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.bombB.investigateC.provokeD.

37、appear(2).Which of the following facts, according to third paragraph of the text, will be taken for granted by British?（分数：2.00）A.The warmer month tends to result in criminal tendencies.B.Crime went up slightly in July 2004.C.The show of force did put an end to terrorists.D.Bombings are inevitable i

38、n outer London.(3).It can be inferred from the text that the crime occurrence may be associated with _.（分数：2.00）A.the trends which can be tracksB.the deployment of the blue lineC.the overwhelming presence of criminals in LondonD.the number of the days of terrorist attacks(4).The authors attitude tow

39、ard Mike Houghs remark is _.（分数：2.00）A.consentB.ambivalentC.denialD.approval(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.London Bombings Are Severe.B.Terrorists Are Scared Off.C.Terrorism Cuts Crime.D.Marginal Changes Take Place.BText 4/BLast weekend, sportsmen and wome

40、n of an unusually hardy disposition descended on Sherborne, a pretty Dorset town. There, they swam twice around Sherborne Castles lake, cycled 180kin and then ran a marathon. The winners of this gruelling race-Britains inaugural Ironman triathlonwere rewarded with a spot in a prestigious race in Haw

41、aii, where yet more pain awaits.For a sport barely known in Britain five years ago, triathlon has grown at a sprinters pace. This year the British Triathlon Association, the governing body, will sanction some 450 triathlons, duathlons (running and biking) and aquathlons (running and swimming). These

42、 vary from tough races aimed at endurance junkies to shorter events designed to lure newcomers. By far the most successful is the London triathlon, which, three weeks ago, brought 8 000-half of them first-timers-to the Royal Victoria Dock in east London. That made it the worlds biggest.There are ech

43、oes of the jogging craze of the early 1980s. Both sports are American exports; both have grown partly thanks to television coverage. Inclusion in the Olympic and Commonwealth games has conferred credibility and state funding on triathlon. Even better, Britains professional triathletes are doing rath

44、er well on the international circuit.There are practical reasons for the growth of the sport, too. Nick Rusling, event director of the London triathlon, points out that established events such as the London marathon and Great North Run are hugely over-subscribed (this year the marathon received 98 5

45、00 applications for 36 000 places). Triathlon offers a more reliable route to exhaustion, and a fresh challenge to athletes who are likely to cross-train anyway.The sport will not soon supplant “the great suburban Everest“, as Chris Brasher, founder of the London marathon, described his event. The s

46、ports tripartite nature means that putting on events is fiendishly complex, a fact reflected in high entry fees: competitors at last weekends Ironman race forked out 220. Shorter events are cheaper, but participants must still provide their own bicycles and wetsuits and pay for training. Compared wi

47、th the inhabitants of Newham, the London borough where this years London triathlon was held, competitors appeared overwhelmingly white and middle class.Another drag on growth is a shortage of suitable venues in a small island-a problem exacerbated by safety fears. But that ought to be less of a hind

48、rance in future. Two court decisions, in 2003 and earlier this year, have firmly established that the owners of large bodies of water may not be held responsible when adults injure themselves as a result of extravagant sporting actions.（分数：10.00）(1).The meaning of the word “gruelling“ in the first p

49、aragraph is most close to _.（分数：2.00）A.competitiveB.exhaustingC.grandD.gruesome(2).It can be learned from the second paragraph of the text that _.（分数：2.00）A.triathlon is a fast-growing sport in UKB.Britain used to be barely knownC.triathlon is a prestigious race in USAD.Hawaii used to be a spot of pains(3).Triathl