【考研类试卷】考研英语-241及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语-241 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. The nobler and more perfect a thing is, the later and slower it is becoming mature. A man reaches the

2、matureU (1) /Uof his reasoning powers and mental facultiesU (2) /Ubefore the age of twenty-eight; a woman at eighteen. And then, too, in the case of woman, it is the only reason of a sort-very mean in itsU (3) /U. That is why women remain children their whole life long; never seeingU (4) /Ubut what

3、is quite close to them,U (5) /Ufast to the present moment, taking appearance forU (6) /U, and preferringU (7) /Uto matters of the first importance. For it is U(8) /Uhis reasoning faculty that man does not live in the present only,U (9) /Uthe brute, but looks about him and considers the past anti the

4、 future; and this is the origin ofU (10) /U, as well as that of care and anxiety which so many peopleU (11) /U. Both the advantages and the disadvantages, which thisU (12) /U, areU (13) /Uin by the woman to a smaller extent because of her weaker power of reasoning. She may, in fact, be described as

5、intellectually shortsighted,U (14) /U, while she has an immediate understanding of what lies quite close to her, her field of U(15) /Uis narrow and does not reach to what isU (16) /U; so that things which are absent, or past, or to come, have much less effect upon women than upon men. This is the re

6、ason why women are inclined to beU (17) /Uand sometimes carry their desire to aU (18) /Uthat borders upon madness. In their hearts, women think it is mens business to earn money and theirs to spend it-if possible during their husbands life,U (19) /U, at any rate, after his death. The very fact that

7、their husband hands themU (20) /Uhis earnings for purposes of housekeeping strengthens them in this belief.（分数：10.00）A.burdenB.driveC.stageD.moveA.barelyB.scarcelyC.rarelyD.hardlyA.dimensionsB.perspectivesC.indicesD.diametersA.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothingA.fasteningB.stickingC.takingD.se

8、eingA.fancyB.practiceC.realityD.illusionA.fragmentsB.triflesC.remainsD.substancesA.at the mercy ofB.with regard toC.in the interests ofD.by virtue ofA.aboveB.likeC.besideD.includingA.jealousyB.generosityC.identityD.prudenceA.advocateB.demonstrateC.exhibitD.revealA.concernsB.relatesC.involvesD.retain

9、sA.sharedB.joinedC.boundD.hurriedA.beforeB.becauseC.unlessD.untilA.sighB.visionC.reachD.glanceA.obscureB.invisibleC.remoteD.primitiveA.extravagantB.extremeC.credibleD.wretchedA.endB.limitC.spanD.lengthA.butB.forC.thoughD.whileA.downB.overC.inD.up二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/

10、BReading the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. BText 1/BAfter Los Angeles, Atlanta may be Americas most car-dependent city. Atlantans sentimentally give their cars names, compare speeding tickets and jealously gu

11、ard any side-street where it is possible to park. The citys roads are so well worn that the first act of the new mayor, Shirley Franklin, was to start repairing potholes. In 1998, 13 metro counties lost federal highway funds because their air-pollution levels violated the Clean Air Act. The American

12、 Highway Users Alliance ranked three Atlanta interchanges among the 18 worst Ubottlenecks/U in the country.Other cities in the same fix have reorganized their highways, imposed commuter and car taxes, or expanded their public-transport systems. Atlanta does not like any of these things. Public trans

13、port is a vexed subject, too. Atlantas metropolitan region is divided into numerous county and smaller city governments, which find it hard to work together. Railways now serve the city center and the airport, but not much else; bus stops are often near-invisible poles, offering no indication of whi

14、ch bus might stop there, or when.Georgias Democratic governor, Roy Barnes, who hopes for reelection in November, has other plans. To win back the federal highway money lost under the Clean Air Act, he created the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority (GRTA), a 15 member board with the power to m

15、ake the county governments, the city and the ten-county Atlanta Regional Commission cooperate on transport plans, whether they like it or not.Now GRTA has issued its own preliminary plan, allocating 4.5 billion over the next three years for a variety of schemes. The plan earmarks money to widen road

16、s; to have an electric shuttle bus shuttle tourists among the elegant villas of Buckhead; and to create a commuter rail link between Atlanta and Macon, two hours to the south. Counties will be encouraged, with generous ten-to-one matching funds, to start express bus services.Public goodwill, however

17、, may not stretch as far as the next plan, which is to build the Northern Arc highway for 65 miles across three counties north of the city limits. GRTA has allotted 270m for this. Supporters say it would ease the congestion on local roads; opponents think it would worsen over-development and traffic

18、. The counties affected, and even GRTAs own board, are divided.The governor is in favor, however; and since he can appoint and fire GRTAS members, that is probably the end of the story. Mr Barnes has a tendency to do as he wants, regardless. His arrogance on traffic matters could also lose him votes

19、. But Mr Barnes think that Atlantas slowing economy could do him more harm than the anti-sprawl movement.（分数：10.00）(1).The authors presentation of Atlantas car-dependence is meant（分数：2.00）A.to be ironic.B.to poke fun to them.C.to be fair.D.to make it notorious.(2).The word “bottleneck“ (Para. 1) bes

20、t connotes（分数：2.00）A.“to violate the law.“B.“to slack the pace.“C.“to be stuck in traps.“D.“to be held up.“(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?（分数：2.00）A.Controversies exist concerning the traffic in Atlanta.B.The federal funds were lost under the Clean Air Act.C.Atlanta must aba

21、ndon buses and build more highways.D.The county governments should learn to be cooperative.(4).Which of the following is NOT part of the “anti-sprawl movement“ as planned by governor Roy Barnes?（分数：2.00）A.His success in reelection in November.B.The initiation of shuttle bus transit.C.The allocation

22、of money to widen roads.D.The construction of a commuter rail.(5).It seems that the best solution to the traffic problem in Atlanta seems to lie in（分数：2.00）A.the enforcement of traffic regulations.B.the improvement of its road conditions.C.the increase of commuter and car taxes.D.the improvement of

23、its public transports.BText 2/BIf the opinion polls are to be believed, most Americans are coming to trust their government more than they used to. The habit has not yet spread widely among American Indians, who suspect an organization which has so often patronized them, lied to them and defrauded t

24、hem. But the Indians may soon win a victory in a legal battle that epitomizes those abuses.Elouise Cobell, a banker who also happens to be a member of the Blackfeet tribe in Montana, is the leading plaintiff in a massive class-action suit against the government. At issue is up to 10 billion in trust

25、 payments owed to some 500,000 Indians. The Suit revolves around Individual Indian Money (11M) accounts that are administered by the Interior Departments Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Back in the 1880s, the government divided more than 11m acres of tribal land into parcels of 80 to 160 acres that

26、were assigned to individual Indians. Because these parcels were rarely occupied by their new owners, the government assumed responsibility for managing them. As the Indians trustee, it leased the land out for grazing, logging, mining and oil drilling-but it was supposed to distribute the royalties t

27、o the Indian owners.In fact, officials admit that royalties have been lost or stolen. Records were destroyed, and the government lost track of which Indians owned what land. The plaintiffs say that money is owing to 500,000 Indians, but even the government accepts a figure of about 300,000. For year

28、s, Cobell heard Indians complain of not getting payment from the government for the oil-drilling and ranching leases on their land. But nothing much got done. She returned to Washington and, after a brush-off from government lawyers, filed the suit.Gale Norton, George Bushs interior secretary was ch

29、arged with contempt in November because her department had failed to fix the problem. In December, Judge Lam berth ordered the interior Department to shut down all its computers for ten weeks because trust-fund records were vulnerable to hackers. The system was partly restored last month and payment

30、s to some Indians, which had been interrupted, resumed.And that is not the end of it. Ms Norton has proposed the creation of a new Bureau of Indian Trust Management, separate from the BIA. Indians are cross that she suggested this without consulting them. Some want the trust funds to be placed in re

31、ceivership, under a neutral supervisor. Others have called for Congress to establish an independent commission, including Indians, to draw up a plan for reforming the whole system. A messy injustice may at last be getting sorted out.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied but not stated in the first sentence

32、is that American Indians（分数：2.00）A.expressed their gratitude for their lawyers.B.won a victory by use of legal weapons.C.have lost confidence in their government.D.came to believe the public opinion polls.(2).It seems that the author is most critical of the governments（分数：2.00）A.irresponsibility.B.i

33、nterference.C.bureaucracy.D.inequality.(3).When mentioning “parcels of 80 to 160 acres“, the writer is talking about（分数：2.00）A.oil prospectors.B.trust payments.C.private property.D.land ownership.(4).What is the attitude of American Indians towards Gale Nortons proposal?（分数：2.00）A.Skeptical.B.Scornf

34、ul.C.Annoyed.D.Indifferent.(5).Which of the following is TRUE according the text?（分数：2.00）A.Trust funds have been placed in the hands of American Indians.B.Payments owed to American Indian have been indefinitely delayed.C.BIA deliberately leaves trust-fund records vulnerable to risks.D.American Indi

35、ans should become increasingly vocal for justice.BText 3/BThe European Unions Barcelona summit, which ended on March 16th, was played out against the usual backdrop of noisy “anti-globalizati0n demonstrations and massive security. If nothing else, the demonstrations illustrated that economic liberal

36、ization in Europe-the meetings main topic-presents genuine political difficulties. Influential sections of public opinion continue to oppose anything that they imagine threatens “social Europe“, the ideal of a cradle-to-grave welfare state.In this climate of public opinion, it is not surprising that

37、 the outcome in Barcelona was modest. The totemic issue was opening up Europes energy markets. The French government has fought hard to preserve a protected market at home for its state-owned national champion, Electricite de France (EDF). At Barcelona it. made a well-flagged tactical retreat. The s

38、ummiteers concluded that from 2004 industrial users across Europe would be able to choose from competing energy suppliers, which should account for “at least“ 60% of the market.Since Europes energy market is worth 350 billion ( 309 billion) a year and affects just about every business, this is a bre

39、akthrough. But even the energy deal has disappointing aspects. Confining competition to business users makes it harder to show that economic liberalization is the friend rather than the foe of the ordinary person. It also allows EDF to keep its monopoly in the most profitable chunk of the French mar

40、ket.In other areas, especially to do with Europes tough labor markets, the EU is actually going backwards. The summiteers declared that “disincentives against taking up jobs“ should be removed; 20m jobs should be created within the EU by 2010. But only three days after a Barcelona jamboree, the Euro

41、pean Commission endorsed a new law that would give all temporary-agency workers the same rights as full-timers within six weeks of getting their feet under the desk. Six out of 20 commissioners did, unusually, vote against the measure-a blatant piece of re-regulation-but the social affairs commissio

42、ner, Anna Diamantopoulou, was unrepentant, indeed triumphant. A dissatisfied liberaliser in the commission called the directive “an absolute disaster“.The summits other achievements are still more fragile. Europes leaders promised to increase spending on “research and development“ from its current f

43、igure of 1.9% of GDP a year to 3%. But how will European politicians compel businesses to invest more in research? Nobody seems to know. And the one big research project agreed on at Barcelona, the Galileo satellite-positioning system, which is supposed to cost 3.2 billion of public money, is of dub

44、ious commercial value, since the Europeans already enjoy free access to the Americans GPA system. Edward Bannerman, head of economics at the Centre for European Reform, a Blairite think-tank, calls Galileo “the common agricultural policy in space.“（分数：10.00）(1).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2

45、.00）A.A review of EUs Barcelona summit.B.About merits of a EUs summit.C.A survey of Europes competitors.D.About the achievements of the EU.(2).The public launched a demonstrations against the summit with respect to（分数：2.00）A.political difficulties.B.its strong influence.C.imaginative ideals.D.its so

46、cial welfare.(3).According to this text, “anti-globalization“ is to “liberation“ as（分数：2.00）A.“security“ is to “threats“.B.“monopoly“ is to “competition“.C.“publicity“ is to “privacy“.D.“research“ is to “development“.(4).We learn from the text that Edward Bannerman is probably（分数：2.00）A.an enthusias

47、t in agricultural policy.B.a tough leader in social affairs.C.an doubter of spending on research.D.a pioneer in space exploration.(5).In the eyes of the author, the EUs Barcelona summit（分数：2.00）A.turned out to be rather disappointing.B.was as productive as expected.C.proved to be quite dissatisfacto

48、ry.D.was not so fruitful as anticipated.BText 4/BEveryday some 16m barrels of oil leave the Gulf through the Strait of Hormuz. That is enough to fill a soft-drink can for everyone on earth, or to power every motor vehicle on the planet for 25 miles (40kin). Gulf oil accounts for 40% of global trade

49、in the sticky stuff. More important, it makes up two-thirds of known deposits. Whereas at present production rates the rest of the worlds oil reserves will last for a mere 25 years, the Gulfs will last for 100. In other words, the regions strategic importance is set to grow and grow.Or at least so goes the conventional