【考研类试卷】考研英语-419及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语-419 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is (1) only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, even (2) . You have to take

2、a commuter train any morning or evening to (3) the truth of this.Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a comer; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite (4) .(5) , there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, onc

3、e broken, makes the offender immediately the object of (6) .It has been known as a fact that a British has a (7) for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it (8) .Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom (9) forecast add hence becomes

4、a source of interest and (10) to everyone.This may be so. (11) a British cannot have much (12) in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong (13) a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems t

5、o be as accurate - or as inaccurate as the weathermen in his (14) .Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references (15) weather that the British (16) to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are (17) by comments on the weather. “Nice day, isnt it?“ “Be

6、autiful!“ may well be heard, instead of “Good morning, how are you?“ Although the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is (18) pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. If he wants to start a conversation with a British but is at a loss to know (19) to begin, he could do

7、well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will (20) an answer from even the most reserved of the British.（分数：10.00）A.relaxedB.frustratedC.amusedD.exhaustedA.reservedB.urgentC.embarrassedD.anxiousA.experienceB.witnessC.watchD.undergoA.impoliteB.defensiveC.deliberateD.offens

8、iveA.DeliberatelyB.ApparentlyC.FrequentlyD.ConsequentlyA.compassionB.oppositionC.criticismD.assaultA.emotionB.fancyC.likelinessD.judgmentA.at lengthB.to a great extentC.from his heartD.by all meansA.followsB.obeysC.defiesD.supportsA.dedicationB.suspicionC.contemplationD.speculationA.UsuallyB.General

9、lyC.CertainlyD.FundamentallyA.faithB.hopeC.honorD.creditA.sinceB.onceC.whenD.whileA.propositionsB.predictionsC.proposalD.prophecyA.aboutB.onC.inD.toA.takeB.forecastC.makeD.predictA.startedB.replacedC.conductedD.proposedA.reasonableB.usefulC.worthwhileD.meaningfulA.whereB.howC.whatD.whichA.stimulateB

10、constituteC.furnishD.provoke二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you have ever longed for a meat substitute that smelt and tasted like the real thing, but did not involve killing an animal, then your order could be ready soon. Researchers believe it w

11、ill soon be possible to grow cultured meat in quantities large enough to offer the meat industry an alternative source of supply.Growing muscle cells (the main component of meat) in a nutrient broth is easy. The difficulty is persuading those cells to form something that resembles real meat. Paul Ko

12、snik, the head of engineering at a firm called Tissue Genesis, is hoping to do it by stretching the cells with mechanical anchors. This encourages them to form small bundles surrounded by connective tissue, an arrangement similar to real muscle.Robert Dennis, a biomedical engineer at the University

13、of North Carolina, believes the secret of growing healthy muscle tissue in a laboratory is to understand how it interacts with its surroundings. In nature, tissues exist as elements in a larger system and they depend on other tissues for their survival. Without appropriate stimuli from their neighbo

14、urs they degenerate. Dr Dennis and his team have been working on these neighbourly interactions for the past three years and report some success in engineering two of the most important-those between muscles and tendons, and muscles and nerves.At the Touro College School of Health Sciences in New Yo

15、rk, Morris Benjaminson and his team are working on removing living tissue from fish, and then growing it in culture. This approach has the advantage that the tissue has a functioning system of blood vessels to deliver nutrients, so it should be possible to grow tissue cultures more than a millimetre

16、 thick-the current limit.Henk Haagsman, a meat scientist at the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands, is trying to make minced pork from cultured stem cells with the backing of Stegeman, a sausage company. It could be used in sausages, burgers and sauces.But why would anyone want to eat cultured

17、 meat, rather than something freshly slaughtered and just off the bone? One answer, to mix metaphors, is that it would allow vegetarians to have their meatloaf and eat it too. But the sausage-meat project suggests another reason: hygiene. As Ingrid Newkirk of PETA, an animal-rights group, puts it, “

18、no one who considers whats in a meat hot dog could genuinely express any reluctance at eating a clean cloned meat product.“Cultured meat could be grown in sterile conditions, avoiding Salmonella, E. coli and other nasties. It could also be made healthier by adjusting its composition-introducing. hea

19、rt-friendly omega-3 fatty acids, for example. You could even take a cell from an endangered animal and, without threatening its extinction, make meat from it.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first two paragraphs, we know that（分数：2.00）A.meat grown in lab, rather than in the form of animals, could soon be on th

20、e menu.B.cultured meat may taste as they are newly produced.C.it is hard to culture the main component of meat into the form of cells.D.by stretching the cells with mechanical anchors, we can get connective tissues.(2).Robert Dennis thinks that（分数：2.00）A.being elements in a larger system, tissues ca

21、n hardly live with others dependence.B.the key to grow healthy muscle tissues is to learn the influence between different tissues.C.the most important success of their study is to find out tissue engineering.D.tissues will decline in quality if they are affected by their neighbours.(3).The research

22、method of Morris Benjaminson and his team（分数：2.00）A.is to culture living tissue in fish.B.is similar with the work at the University of North Carolina.C.enables tissue cultures to grow beyond the thickness limited for now.D.makes it possible to use cultured meat in sausages, burgers and sauces.(4).W

23、hat can be the reason of people eating cultured meat instead of the real thing?（分数：2.00）A.meat that is just off the bone is not tasty enough for some people.B.vegetarians may consume meat product from the sausage-meat project.C.cloned meat product is more hygienic and healthier.D.cultured meat can b

24、e eaten to get rid of certain diseases.(5).According to the last sentence, we can infer that（分数：2.00）A.some endangered animals may survive for a long time.B.giant-panda steak is possible to be cooked in the future.C.we can change the composition of meat as we like.D.the new technology will not reduc

25、e the quantity of cells.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If Bill Gates ever had reason to doubt that the brash young billionaires of Google were out to get him, the time for such uncertainty is now officially over. Last months dramatically revised version of its program Google Desktop is a glove slap across

26、the face of Microsofts fabled chief software architect. Obviously Googles update to a previous tool that searched peoples hard drives in addition to the usual lightning-quick survey of the entire World Wide Web, Google Desktop 2 turns out to be a not-so-stealthy attempt to hijack the desktop from Mi

27、crosoft. And in a move that must be particularly galling to Gates, the program does it in a way that directly steals thunder from Microsofts upcoming Windows update, Vista.Specifically, Im talking about Googles feature called Sidebar, a stack of small windows that sit on the side of the screen and d

28、ynamically draw on Web and personal information to track things like weather, stock prices, your e-mail, your photos, recently opened documents and Web destinations . Several years ago, demonstrating an early version of Vista, Microsoft proudly showed a column of on-screen “tiles“ that did the same

29、kinds of things. Microsofts name for this upcoming feature (which it still plans to include in Vista when it ships in late 2006): Sidebar.Thats not all. Google product manager Nakhil Bhatla explains that another purpose of Desktop is to use the search box to quickly locate programs and files that yo

30、u want to open-bypassing the Windows way of clicking on an icon or using the Start menu.Clearly, Google is squatting on Microsofts turf, asking users to live in its environment as opposed to Bills. Microsoft still believes that the central point of personal computing is productivity. Thats why the d

31、esktop search in Vista will limit itself to probing the users hard disk. Microsofts explanation for this approach is that mixing Web-search results with hits from your own information is just too confusing. Things go more efficiently, the theory goes, when your personal data pond is segregated from

32、the ocean of information data located elsewhere in the world. (Microsoft offers Web search as a separate program. )In contrast, Google Desktop searches bring results from everywhere-your hard disk, your email and billions of Web sites. Thats because the Google mission is organizing and managing all

33、the worlds information. “You shouldnt have to think about where the information comes from,“ says Google VP Susan Wojcicki. Though Google-sites acknowledge difficulties in merging the personal with the public, their core belief is that the essence of 21st-century computing springs from the connectiv

34、ity that allows all human knowledge, from books to instant messages, to be potentially shared.As Google tries to annex new information flows, it increasingly runs smack against issues of privacy, copyright and censorship. Thats one part of Googles challenge. The other will be fending off Bill Gates,

35、 undoubtedly determined to prove that his vision of computing still dominates.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first sentence we can infer that（分数：2.00）A.the managers of Google are impolite.B.there is no longer uncertainty about Microsofts precedence.C.it is true that now Google is surpassing Microsoft.D.Bill

36、 Gates begins to think Google as his opponent.(2).According to the first paragraph, what is most annoying to Gates?（分数：2.00）A.Google introduced the new program of Google Desktop.B.Google Desktop 2 competes directly with Windows Vista.C.Googles update can also search the hard drives now.D.Google Desk

37、top 2 is not stealthy enough in rivaling with Microsoft.(3).Which of the following is true about Sidebar?（分数：2.00）A.It is a pile of small icons in the middle of the screen in Google.B.Everything can be searched with the Microsofts sidebar now.C.Microsoft has Sidebar, so does Google.D.Microsofts side

38、bar is made up of a pile of “tiles“.(4).By saying “squatting on Microsofts turf“, the author means that（分数：2.00）A.Google is taking up the market share of Microsoft.B.Microsoft is not as efficient as Google.C.for Microsoft, everything develops more quickly.D.the mixture of Googles information brings

39、confusion.(5).Which one is true about Google Desktop search?（分数：2.00）A.It is a separate program.B.The program is easy to merge the personal with the public.C.It only probes the users hard disk.D.It tries to manage information from all over the world.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The mythology of a culture

40、 can provide some vital insights into the beliefs and values of that culture. By using fantastic and sometimes incredible stories to create an oral tradition by which to explain the wonders of the natural world and teach lessons to younger generations, a society exposes those ideas and concepts held

41、 most important. Just as important as the final lesson to be gathered from the stories, however, are the characters and the roles they play in conveying that message.Perhaps the epitome of mythology and its use as a tool to pass on cultural values can be found in Aesops Fables, told and retold durin

42、g the era of the Greek Empire. Aesop, a slave who won the favor of the court through his imaginative and descriptive tales, almost exclusively used animals to fill the roles in his short stories. Humans, when at all present, almost always played the part of bumbling fools struggling to learn the les

43、son being presented. This choice of characterization allows us to see that the Greeks placed wisdom on a level slightly beyond humans, implying that deep wisdom and understanding is a universal quality sought by, rather than steanning from, human beings.Aesops fables illustrated the central themes o

44、f humility and self-reliance, reflecting the importance of those traits in early Greek society. The folly of humans was used to contrast against the ultimate goal of attaining a higher level of understanding and awareness of truths about nature and humanity. For example, one notable fable features a

45、 fox repeatedly trying to reach a bunch of grapes on a very high vine. After failing at several attempts, the fox gives up, making up its mind that the grapes were probably sour anyway. The fables lesson, that we often play down that which we cant achieve so as to make ourselves feel better, teaches

46、 the reader or listener in an entertaining way about one of the weaknesses of the human psyche.The mythology of other cultures and societies reveal the underlying traits of their respective cultures just as Aesops fables did. The stories of Roman gods, Aztec ghosts and European elves all served to t

47、rain ancient generations those lessons considered most important to their community, and today they offer a powerful looking glass by which to evaluate and consider the contextual environment in which those culture existed.（分数：10.00）(1).The author appears to view fables as（分数：2.00）A.the most interes

48、ting and valuable form of mythology.B.an entertaining form with serious subjects.C.a tool of past civilizations, but not often used in the modern age.D.an essential method by which ancient values were transmitted between generations.(2).The way that fables were used in the past is most similar to to

49、days（分数：2.00）A.fairy tales that entertain children at home.B.stories in childrens school textbooks that reinforce the lesson.C.science documentaries that explain how nature works.D.movies that depict animals as having human characteristics.(3).Paragraph 3 mainly discusses（分数：2.00）A.how Aesops fables sheds light on certain facets of Greek belief.B.one of Aesops fables in order to study the elements that make up Greek mythology.C.the real meaning illustrated in one of Aesops most well-known fables.D.a typical fable and how people study the meanin