【考研类试卷】考研英语-767及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语-767 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Are teens and young adults more narcissistic (自恋的) today than in the past? Thats the view of a California researcher who studies (1) people. In her new book, The Narcissism (2) : Living in the Age of Entitlement, psychologist Je

2、an Twenge of San Diego State University and (3) W. Keith Campbell of the University of Georgia say research shows (4) young people today have “narcissistic traits“ than in (5) generations. Such traits, Twenge says, include a very. (6) and inflated sense of self, which is (7) by a preoccupation with

3、MySpace, Facebook and YouTube. “Weve been on this self-admiration cultural (8) for a long time,“ Twenge says. (9) Twenges take on todays young people isnt universal. Studies by other researchers, including Canadian (10) Dr. Kali of the University of Western Ontario, have used the same data but found

4、 (11) results. “They put a different (12) on it,“ Kali says. Twenges studies have found more narcissistic traits and a (13) rate of increase among college students today, but Kali found that students narcissism was (14) greater in 2006 than in 1976. Twenges most recent paper studied the same data as

5、 Kali-more than 20 000 college students from 2002 to 2007. (15) researchers used the Narcissistic Personality Inventory to measure narcissistic (16) and findings by both have been (17) in peerreviewed journals. Twenges book (18) just a month after The Mirror Effect : How Celebrity Narcissism Is Sedu

6、cing America, a book co-written by behavioral (19) Drew Pinsky, (20) suggested that a celebrity-obsessed culture is causing more narcissism.（分数：10.00）A.oldB.changeableC.youngD.depressedA.EpidemicB.DiseaseC.PeriodD.SpellA.co-authorB.patientC.leaderD.officerA.lessB.moreC.decreasingD.manyA.primaryB.ori

7、ginalC.previousD.initialA.passiveB.rationalC.negativeD.positiveA.criticizedB.illustratedC.advocatedD.despisedA.upsetB.kickC.irritantD.stimulantA.ThenB.AndC.AlsoD.ButA.psychologistB.archaeologistC.philosopherD.physicistA.similarB.differentC.strangeD.oddA.informationB.resultC.opinionD.consequenceA.wea

8、kerB.fasterC.lowerD.slowerA.muchB.noC.soD.farA.NeitherB.EitherC.BothD.EachA.tendenciesB.addictionsC.hobbiesD.fascinationsA.rejectedB.reportedC.acceptedD.publishedA.receivesB.getsC.arrivesD.achievesA.amateurB.fanC.expertD.enthusiastA.whatB.whomC.whenD.which二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(

9、总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Aristotle believed that the heavens were perfect. If they ever were, they are no longer. The skies above Earth are now littered with the debris (残骸) of dead satellites, bits of old rockets and the odd tool dropped by a spacewalking astronaut. Such is the extent

10、of the detritus that the first accidental collision between two satellites has already taken place. It happened in February 2009, when a defunct (废弃的) Russian Cosmos smashed into a functioning American Iridium, destroying both and creating even more space junk. To stop this sort of thing happening a

11、gain Vaios Lappas of the University of Surrey, in England, has designed a system that will remove satellites from orbit at the end of their useful lives-and as a bonus will scour part of the sky clean as it does so. Dr. Lappass satellite-removal system employs a solar sail. As light from the sun hit

12、s the sail, it imparts a minuscule but continuous acceleration. When a satellite is first launched, the sail is angled in a way that causes this acceleration to keep the satellite in orbit. (Orbits gradually decay as a result of collisions with the small number of air molecules found even at altitud

13、es normally classified as “outer space“. ) Solar sails have yet to be used widely to propel spacecraft in this way-several earlier versions came unstuck when the sails failed to unfurl properly-but doing so is not a novel idea in principle The novelty Dr. Lappas envisages is to change the angle of t

14、he sail when the satellite has become defunct. Instead of keeping the derelict craft in orbit, it will, over the course of a couple of years, drag it into the atmosphere and thus to a fiery end. Not only that, but the sail will also act like a handkerchief, mopping up microscopic orbital detritus su

15、ch as flecks of paint from previous launches. A fleck of paint may not sound dangerous, but if travelling at 27 000kph (17 000mph), as it would be in orbit, it could easily penetrate an astronauts spacesuit. A prototype of Dr. Lappass design, called CubeSail, will be launched late next year. It weig

16、hs just 3kg and, when folded up, measures 30cm (12 inches) by 10era by 10era. Once unfurled, however, the sail will have an area of 25 square metres. If this prototype, which is paid for by EADS, a European aerospace company, proves successful, solar sails might be added to many future satellites. T

17、hat would enable them to be removed rapidly from orbit when they became useless and would restore to the skies some measure of Aristotelian perfection.（分数：10.00）(1).The first sentence in this passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.criticize Aristotles viewpointB.praise the beauty of the outer spaceC.express Ari

18、stotles attitude towards the heavensD.warn that the space is now littered with junk(2).Which one is NOT the application of the system designed by Vaios Lappas?（分数：2.00）A.To halt creating more space junk.B.To remove the satellites at the end of their useful lives.C.To stop the accidental collisions i

19、n space.D.To clean the junk created by dead satellites.(3).Orbits decay due to _.（分数：2.00）A.the acceleration of the spacecraftB.the crash with small amounts of air moleculesC.the invention and application of solar sailsD.the existence of air molecules(4).If the CubeSail turns to be practical, the de

20、sign will _.（分数：2.00）A.be granted a patent to reward Dr. LappasB.make our skies return to be perfectC.be still useless to remove the satellites from orbitD.be applied to all the future satellites(5).The best title for the text should be_.（分数：2.00）A.The Outer SpaceB.The CubeSailC.Accidental Collision

21、sD.Sweeping the Skies五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Electronics are being recycled in record numbers as more states require it and more companies collect and even pay for discarded items, but the gains come with controversy. Some environmentalists complain that recycling is not keeping pace with electronic

22、s sales. Some say e-waste is being dumped in developing countries, where toxic materials such as lead and mercury can leach from landfills into groundwater. “It is a success story, but wed like to see it get more successful“ to keep up with the electronics boom, says Janette Petersen of the Environm

23、ental Protection Agency (EPA). The amount of recycled items more than doubled from 1999 to 2007, the most recent year for which the EPA has figures. But as a percentage of all electronics, it increased less, from 15% to 18%. “The demand for electronics recycling has been growing,“ partly because of

24、the switch last year to digital TV, says Jennifer Berry of Earth911. corn, a private group that keeps a database of recyclers. Last year, she says 31% of inquiries involved electronics, primarily TVs, batteries and computers. Public and private efforts are expanding. Vermont became the 21st state la

25、st month to enact a law that requires e-waste recycling. Twenty-six companies-including Dell, Hewlett Packard, AT and a third as likely to have been caught driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, or to have been convicted of dangerous driving. They were also a fifth as likely to have been c

26、onvicted of driving without a seatbelt. Dishonest behavior appears to be much more common among newer drivers. The UKs experienced drivers have always been an attractive group for insurers, but the much lower risk they present is rarely fully reflected in their premiums. This is why AXA has entered

27、the direct car insurance market with a product that rewards them with a no-claims discount of up to 90 percent-far higher than anything else on the market. Only those drivers who have been claim-free for eight years or more will be eligible, which could offer large savings for around a third of moto

28、rists. AXAs research has enabled it to tailor not only the pricing to these expert drivers, but the service, too. AXA Car Insurance will offer a courtesy ear whenever yours is out of action due to accident, fire or theft, not just while its being repaired. The survey found they wanted higher service

29、 levels too, so customers will be able to change their policy details online or track a claim at any hour of the day or night, every day of the year. Many drivers wrongly assumed they were insured if they were injured in accidents that are their faults. To plug the gap, AXA has introduced Driver Inj

30、ury Cover,which pays up to 1 million for medical treatment and loss of earnings for an additional annual premium of 34.99-less than 3 a month. Cocky newer drivers do appear to be somewhat overconfident. A third of those whod been on the road for between only one and two years claimed they were alrea

31、dy experienced drivers, and that rose to a half among those whod been driving for just one more year. But, as AXAs survey demonstrates, they have still got a lot to learn., they will need to be driving for at least five more years before they can take advantage of that 90 per cent no-claims discount

32、.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, we can learn that “those who have been behind the wheel“ are_.（分数：2.00）A.managersB.researchersC.guidesD.drivers(2).More experienced drivers are likely to _.（分数：2.00）A.abide by law and seldom lieB.be caught by using cellphone while drivingC.drive witho

33、ut a seatbeltD.drive after being in liquor(3).Why does AXA reward experienced drivers?（分数：2.00）A.Because AXA wants to warn new drivers.B.Because experienced drivers seldom apply for premiums.C.Because expert drivers have been an attractive group for insurers.D.Because new drivers doesnt need the rew

34、ard.(4).The service offered by AXA does NOT include_.（分数：2.00）A.changing the details of insurance policy onlineB.providing a courtesy car whenever your car breaks downC.tracking a claim at any time all dayD.being insured if they were injured by their own faults(5).What can be inferred from the last

35、paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.New drivers think they are experienced.B.All new drivers are overconfident.C.New drivers need to get more rewards.D.Old drivers can get 90 percent no-claim discount.八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A computer model has been developed that can predict what word you are thinking of. (41) R

36、esearchers led by Tom Mitchell of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, “trained“ a computer model to recognize the patterns of brain activity associated with 60 images, each of which represented a different noun, such as “celery“ or “aeroplane“. (42) . Words such as “hammer“, for

37、example, axe known to cause movement-related areas of the brain to light up; on the other hand, the word “castle“ triggers activity in regions that process spatial information. Mitchell and his colleagues also knew that different nouns are associated more often with some verbs than with others-the v

38、erb “eat“, for example, is more likely to be found in conjunction with “celery“ than with “aeroplane“. The researchers designed the model to try and use these semantic links to work out how the brain would react to particular nouns. They fed 25 such verbs into the model. (43) . The researchers then

39、fed the model 58 of the 60 nouns to train it. For each noun, the model sorted through a trillion-word body of text to find how it was related to the 25 verbs, and how that related to the activation pattern. After training, the models were put to the test. Their task was to predict the pattern of act

40、ivity for the two missing words from the group of 60, and then to deduce which word was which. On average, the models came up with the right answer more than three-quarters of the time. The team then went one step further, this time training the models on 59 of the 60 test words, and then showing th

41、em a new brain activity pattern and offering them a choice of 1 001 words to match it. The models performed well above chance when they were made to rank the 1001 words according to how well they matched the pattern. The idea is similar to another “brain-reading“ technique. (44) . It shouldnt be too

42、 difficult to get the model to choose accurately between a larger number of words, says John-Dylan Haynes. An average English speaker knows 50 000 words, Mitchell says, so the model could in theory be used to select any word a subject chooses to think of. Even whole sentences might not be too distan

43、t a prospect for the model, saysMitchell. “Now that we can see individual words, it gives the scaffolding for starting to see what the brain does with multiple words as it assembles them,“ he says. (45) Models such as this one could also be useful in diagnosing disorders of language or helping stude

44、nts pick up a foreign language. In semantic dementia, for example, people lose the ability to remember the meanings of things-shown a picture of a chihuahua, they can only recall “dog“, for example-but little is known about what exactly goes wrong in the brain. “We could look at what the neural enco

45、ding is for this,“ says Mitchell. A The team then used functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) to scan the brains of 9 volunteers as they looked at images of the nouns B The study can predict what picture a person is seeing from a selection of more than 100, reported by Nature earlier this year

46、 C The model may help to resolve questions about how the brain processes words and language, and might even lead to techniques for decoding peoples thoughts D This gives researchers the chance to understand the “mental chemistry“ that the brain does when it processes such phrases, Mitchell suggests

47、E This research may be useful for a human computer interface but does not capture the complex network that allows a real brain to learn and use words in a creative way F The team started with the assumption that the brain processes words in terms of how they relate to movement and sensory informatio

48、n G The new model is different in that it has to look at the meanings of the words, rather than just lower-level visual features of a picture（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)James Shapiro follows his award-winning book on William Shakespeare, 1599, which came out

49、in 2005, with an unlikely subject: an investigation into the old chestnut that Shakespeare wasnt the man who wrote the works. Most mainstream Shakespeareans stand aloof from it. But apparently the claims of Francis Bacon, Edward de Vere and Christopher Marlowe, among others, are on the rise. (46) An appetite for conspiracy theories, combined with a call for “balance“ from some sectors of academe and the rise of the