【考研类试卷】考研英语-793及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语-793 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“Intelligence“ at best is an assumptive construct-the meaning of the word has never been clear. It is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas (1) , make distinctions, reason logically, and

2、(2) verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a childs (3) for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not (4) character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It

3、is not (5) to-it was not designed for such (6) . To criticize it for such failure is roughly (7) criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of the (8) is essentially a comparative affair.(9) the assessment of

4、 intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the (10) with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid“ and “ (11) “ comparison. It is here (12) some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test (13) involves at least three factors: the (14) to do ones best, the know

5、ledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the (15) ability to do it. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been (16) thoroughly. Its value (17) , of course, in its providing a satisfactory bas

6、is for prediction. No one is (18) interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can (19) from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age in (20) which we think require “general intelligence“.（分数：10.00）

7、A.partiallyB.swiftlyC.mainlyD.readilyA.take advantage ofB.make use ofC.utilizeD.employA.capabilityB.motivationC.capacityD.chanceA.measureB.standardizeC.assessD.makeA.imposedB.posedC.supposedD.postponedA.purposesB.aimsC.intentionD.arrangementsA.suitable toB.comparable withC.comparable toD.common toA.

8、subjectB.objectC.projectD.constructA.SinceB.ForC.ThereforeD.ThenA.matterB.personC.affairD.scaleA.fairB.unfairC.invalidD.soundA.whichB.thatC.whatD.whenA.executedB.pastC.givenD.performedA.intentionB.tensionC.intensionD.detentionA.physicalB.intellectualC.hystericalD.radicalA.sufferedB.agreedC.providedD

9、.provedA.resultsB.feedsC.getsD.liesA.in the leastB.at mostC.at leastD.more or lessA.understandB.concludeC.conductD.resultA.respectsB.honorsC.anglesD.distinctions二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The world has spent on preparations for war more than $11

10、2 billion a year, roughly $ 450 per head for every man, woman, and child in the world. Let us consider for a moment what could be done with this sum of money if it were spent on peace and not on war. Some of it, at any rate, in the more prosperous countries, could be spent on the reduction of taxati

11、on. The rest should be spent in ways that will, at the same time, be of benefit to mankind and a solution to the economic problem of conversion from war industry to the expansion of peace industries. As to this expansion, let us begin with the most elementary of all needs, namely food. At present, t

12、he majority of mankind suffers from undernourishment, and in view of the population explosion, this situation is likely to grow worse in the coming decades. A very small part of what is now being spent upon armaments would rectify our predicament. Not only could the American surplus of grain, which

13、was for many years uselessly destroyed, be spent in relief of famine, but, by irrigation, large regions now desert could be made fertile, and, by improvement in transport, distribution from regions of excess to regions of scarcity could be facilitated.Housing, even in the richest countries, is often

14、 disastrously inadequate. This could be remedied by a tiny fraction of what is being spent on missiles. Education everywhere, but especially in the newly liberated countries of Africa and Asia, demands an expenditure many times as great as that which it receives at present. But it is not only greate

15、r expenditure that is needed in education. If the terror of war were removed, science could be devoted to improving human welfare, instead of to the invention of increasingly expensive methods of mutual slaughter, and schools would no longer think it a part of their duty to promote hatred of possibl

16、e enemies by means of ignorance tempered by lies.By the help of modern techniques, the world could enter upon a period of happiness and prosperity far surpassing anything known in previous history. All this is possible. It requires only a different outlook on international affairs and a different st

17、ate of mind toward those nations which are now regarded as enemies. This is possible. I repeat, but it cannot be done all at once. To reverse the trend of affairs in the most powerful nation of the world is no light task and will require a difficult process of reeducation.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “rec

18、tify“ (Line 8, Para. 1 ) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.correct.B.rely on.C.recede.D.prove.(2).According to the author, the problem of malnutrition（分数：2.00）A.will probably become more critical because America destroys its surplus goods.B.will probably become worse because large regions are desert.C.w

19、ill probably become more critical because the population increases dramatically.D.will become worse because more are spent on preparations for war.(3).According to the text, schools at the present time（分数：2.00）A.often have ignorant students.B.have to make use of enemies for the target of hatred.C.ha

20、ve to make use of lies to gain a certain purpose.D.only need more lies to carry out their duty.(4).What can be inferred from the text?（分数：2.00）A.By diverting the money spent on preparations for war, peaceful purposes can easily be achieved.B.People need to change their present viewpoint to live in h

21、appiness and harmony.C.Science has always been properly applied.D.Our world will soon become a more prosperous and happier one.(5).What is the authors attitude toward preparations for war?（分数：2.00）A.Skeptical.B.Supportive.C.Indifferent.D.Critical.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When it comes to schooling, t

22、he Herrera boys are no match for the Herrera girls. Last week, four years after she arrived from Honduras, Martha, 20, graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles. She managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken. Her sister, Marlin, 22, attends a local commu

23、nity college and will soon be a certified nurse assistant. The brothers are a different story. Oscar, 17, was expelled two years ago from Fairfax for carrying a knife and later dropped out of a different school. The youngest, Jonathan, 15, is now in a juvenile boot camp after running into trouble wi

24、th the law. “The boys get sidetracked more,“ says the kids mother, Suyapa Landaverde. “The girls are more confident. “This is no aberration. Immigrant girls consistently outperform boys, according to the preliminary findings of a just-completed, five-year study of immigrant children -the largest of

25、its kind, including Latino, Chinese and Haitian kids-by Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco of the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Though that trend holds for U. S. -born kids as well, the reasons for the discrepancy among immigrants are different. The study found that immigrant girls are more ad

26、ept at straddling cultures than boys. “The girls are able to retain some of the protective features of (their native) culture“ because theyre kept closer to the housework, says Marcelo Suarze-Orozco, “while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture“ by helping their parents naviga

27、te it.Consider the kids experiences in school. The study found that boys face more peer pressure to adopt American youth culture -the dress, the slang, the contempt for education. Theyre disciplined more often and, as a result, develop more adversarial relationships with teachers -and the wider soci

28、ety. They may also face more prejudices. One teacher interviewed for the study said that the “culture awareness training“ she received as part of her continuing included depictions of Latino boys as “aggressive“ and “really masculine“ and of the girls as “pure sweetness“.Gender shapes immigrant kids

29、 experience outside school as well. Often hailing from traditional cultures, the girls face greater domestic obligations. They also frequently act as “cultural ambassadors“, translating for parents and mediating between them and the outside world, says Carola Suarze-Orozco. An unintended consequence

30、: “The girls get foisted into a responsible role more than the boys do. “ Take Christina Im as an example, 18, a junior at Fairfax who arrived from Korea four years ago. She ranks ninth in a class of 400 students and still finds time to fix dinner for the family and work on Saturdays at her mothers

31、clothing shop. Her brother? “He plays computer games,“ Says Im.The Harvard study bears a cautionary note : If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically -and to be clear, plenty perform phenomenally -they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass. Oscar Herrer

32、a, Marthas dropout brother, may be realizing that. “Im thinking 9f returning to school,“ he recently told his mother. He ought to look to his sisters for guidance.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by（分数：2.00）A.posing a contrast.B.justifying an assumption.C.makin

33、g a comparison,D.explaining a phenomenon.(2).Marcelo and Carla Suarze-Orozco have also found in their study that（分数：2.00）A.S. -born girls also outperform U. S. -boys.B.the immigrant boys cant adopt American youth culture.C.people have prejudice against the immigrants.D.the immigrant boys should be s

34、everely disciplined.(3).Which of the following is true of the text?（分数：2.00）A.The study indicates that immigrant girls always work better than boysB.The immigrant girls have no pressure to adopt American youth culture.C.Immigrant boys fare well in the outside world.D.The immigrant boys have the same

35、 sense of responsibility as the girls.(4).The statement “they also frequently act as cultural ambassadors “ (Line 2, Para. 4) implies that（分数：2.00）A.they work as a translator for their parents.B.they help their parents have a better understanding of the foreign culture.C.they encourage their parents

36、 to go into the outside world.D.their parents help them realize their dream of becoming an ambassador.(5).What can we infer from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.All the dropouts should receive good education.B.Many immigrant boys are likely to fall into trouble in the future.C.School education has bee

37、n neglected.D.More attention should be paid to the immigrant children.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In some countries, societal and familial treatment of the elderly usually reflects a great degree of independence and individualism. Their financial support is often provided by social security or welfare s

38、ystems which decrease dependence on their family. Additionally, older people may seek their own friends rather than become too emotionally dependent on their children. Senior citizens centers provide a means for peer-group association within ones own age groups. There are problems, however, with gro

39、wing old, in the United States. Glorification of youth and indifference to the aged have left many older people alienated and alone.Some families send their older relatives to nursing homes rather than integrate them into the homes of the children or grandchildren. This separation of the elderly fro

40、m the young has contributed to the isolation of an increasingly large segment of society. On the other hand, there are many older people who choose to live in retirement communities where they have the companionship of other older people and convenience of many recreational and social activities clo

41、se home.The treatment of the elderly can be further understood by distinguishing between nuclear and extended family structures. In the United States the nuclear family, which consists of the father, the mother, and the children, is considered “the family“. The extended family, common in other cultu

42、res, includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces, and children in law. The distinction between the nuclear and extended family is important because it suggests the extent of family ties and obligations. In extended families the children and parents have strong ties and obligations

43、 to relatives. It is common in these families to support older family members, to have intensive contact with relatives, and to establish communal housing.The American nuclear family usually has its own separate residence and is economically independent of other family members. Relatives are still c

44、onsidered “family“ but are often outside the basic obligations that people have to their immediate families. When couples many, they are expected to live independently of their parents and become “heads of households“ when they have children. It is not unusual in times of financial need for nuclear

45、family members to borrow money from a bank rather than from relatives. Grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins, then, are not directly involved in the same way as they would be in an extended family structure.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “peer-group“ (Line 4, Para. 1 ) most probably means a group in whic

46、h（分数：2.00）A.people have some interests in common.B.people do not feel lonesome any more.C.people are dependent on each other.D.people have about the same age.(2).According to the text, many elderly people in the United States（分数：2.00）A.are living a happy life.B.are well looked after.C.are not well c

47、ared for.D.are contributing a great deal to the American society.(3).The reason why many elderly people choose to live in retirement communities is that（分数：2.00）A.they want to seek the companionship of other people.B.they are wealthy and healthy enough to live independently.C.they have been treated

48、cruelly by their grown-up children.D.they are not afraid of being alienated and alone.(4).An nuclear family usually（分数：2.00）A.has more harmonious relations between parents and children than an extended family.B.has weaker ties and fewer basic obligations than an extended family.C.has stronger ties a

49、nd broader basic obligations than an extended family.D.has more intensive contact with people in society.(5).In the United State, when young people get married,（分数：2.00）A.they continue to live with their parents until their children are born.B.they will live with their parents for a short period of time.C.they will live away from their parents.D.they will borrow money from a bank and set up their households.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some countries are more populous; some have more crime. But in no other country are crime fighters quite so knowledgeable about citizens as in