【考研类试卷】考研英语-902及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语-902 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Television piracy gets less attention than film or music piracy, but it is no less widespread. One of the big (1) that had stood in its way-the large file sizes required to transmit video-is shrinking (2) computers get faster an

2、d bandwidth costs (3) . More and more people are buying televisions that can connect (4) the internet.TV piracy (5) for two reasons. It can bring shows to foreign (6) faster, and it is free. The first (7) matters for only a very few shows, most of them American dramas. And media firms have reduced t

3、his advantage further by releasing TV shows almost (8) in different countries. The second advantage is not as big as it appears either (9) music and film, nearly all television is free at the margin: (10) a household has paid its subscription, it costs (11) to watch another show.The real threat (12)

4、 by piracy is not that it threatens televisions current business model but that it makes building a new one more difficult. (13) of the limitations of advertising-supported online video, Euro- pean media firms are currently testing micropayments for shows. The wide (14) of free illegal alternatives

5、may well damage these efforts. (15) the parallel is not with music or films but with newspapers and maga- zines. These days print piracy is a(n) (16) issue, since most general news articles are (17) free. If news- papers and magazines begin 18 people to read their output, the pirates are likely to t

6、urn (19) , and at a rapid rate. (20) it may be with television.（分数：10.00）A.disturbancesB.obstaclesC.benefitsD.harmsA.asB.unlessC.ifD.whereA.narrow downB.break downC.fall downD.come downA.onB.toC.atD.withA.appealsB.irritatesC.attacksD.repelsA.individualsB.nativesC.peoplesD.audiencesA.piracyB.publicat

7、ionC.defectD.advantageA.simultaneouslyB.alternativelyC.graduallyD.equallyA.DespiteB.LikeC.UnlikeD.WithoutA.onceB.lestC.thoughD.whileA.everythingB.nothingC.anythingD.somethingA.cultivatedB.advancedC.recognizedD.posedA.AwareB.AfraidC.FullD.DevoidA.probabilityB.availabilityC.opportunityD.feasibilityA.I

8、n this senseB.For instanceC.So farD.By accidentA.internalB.trivialC.authenticD.strategicA.brought inB.put forwardC.given awayD.carried onA.accusingB.chargingC.condemningD.awardingA.inB.outC.upD.downA.AsB.SoC.OnlyD.Even二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

9、Chances are your friends are more popular than you are. It is a basic feature of social networks that has been known about for some time. Consider both an enthusias- tic cocktail party hostess with hundreds of acquaintances and an ill-tempered guy, who may have one or two friends. Statistically spea

10、king, the average person is much more likely to know the hostess simply because she has so many more friends. This, in essence, is what is called the “friendship paradox“: the friends of any random individual are likely to be more central to the social web than the individual himself.Now researchers

11、 think this seemingly depressing fact can be made to work as an early warning system to detect outbreaks of contagious diseases. By studying the friends of a randomly selected group of individuals, epidemic disease experts can isolate those people who are more connected to one another and are theref

12、ore more likely to catch diseases like the flu early. This could allow health authorities to spot outbreaks weeks in advance of current surveillance methods.In a report which has been submitted to the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Nicholas Christakis from Harvard University and Ja

13、mes Fowler from the University of California, San Diego put the friendship paradox to good use. In a trial carried out last autumn, they monitored the spread of both seasonal flu and H1N1, popularly known as swine flu, through students and their friends at Harvard University, and found that their so

14、cial links were indeed causing them to get infected sooner.As this result came with the benefit of hindsight, the researchers tried to come up with a real-time measure that could potentially provide an early warning sign of an outbreak as it began to spread. Currently, the methods used to assess an

15、infection by Americas Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lag an outbreak by a week or two. Googles Flu Trends is at best contemporaneous with an outbreak. Dr. Christakis and Dr. Fowler suggest that a hybrid method might be developed in which the search inquiries of a group of highly connecte

16、d (ie, pop- ular) individuals could be scanned for signs of the flu.Although the technique has so far only been demonstrated for the flu and in the social surroundings of a university, the researchers nevertheless think that it could help predict other infectious diseases and do so on a larger scale

17、. Nor should it be difficult to implement. Public-health officials already conduct random sampling, so getting the participants to name a few friends too should not be onerous. When it comes to infectious diseases, your friends really do say a lot about you.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the “friendship

18、 paradox“,（分数：2.00）A.ones friends are usually more popular than him.B.ill-tempered persons often have very few friends.C.people tend to befriend those more sociable than them.D.the hostess wins her acquaintances through parties.(2).By using the “friendship paradox“, people may（分数：2.00）A.prevent outb

19、reaks of contagious diseases.B.isolate people from each other to avoid flu.C.abandon the current surveillance methods.D.predict outbreaks of flu earlier than present.(3).Which of the following is true of Nicholas Christakis and James Fowlers research?（分数：2.00）A.It is a real-time measure.B.Its subjec

20、ts are university students.C.It spots the spread of flu in advance.D.It discovers social links cause flu infection.(4).From Paragraph 4, we can learn that Googles Flu Trends（分数：2.00）A.lags an outbreak.B.precedes an outbreak.C.accompanies an outbreak.D.predicts an outbreak.(5).It can be inferred from

21、 the last paragraph that this new research（分数：2.00）A.is limited in scale.B.is not easy to implement.C.has limited applications.D.conducts random samplin五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Austerity is a word much found on the lips of politicians and economists at the moment; but it is seldom heard from technolo

22、gists. And although the idea that “less is more“ has many adherents in architecture, design and fashion, the technology industry has historically held the opposite view. Products should have as many features as possible; and next years version should have even more. As prices fall, what starts off a

23、s a fancy new feature quickly becomes commonplace prompting companies to add new features in an effort to outdo their rivals. Never mind if nobody uses most of these new features. In an arms race, more is always more.But now there are signs that technologists are waking up to the benefits of minimal

24、ism, thanks to two things: feature fatigue among consumers who simply want things to work, and strong demand from less affluent consumers in the developing world. It is telling that the market value of Apple, the company most closely associated with simple, elegant high-tech products, recently overt

25、ook that of Microsoft, the company with the most notorious case of new-featuritis. Gadgets are no longer just for geeks, and if technology is to appeal to a broad audience, simplicity trumps fancy specifications.Another strand of techno-austerity can be found in software that keeps things simple in

26、order to reduce distractions and ensure that computer-users remain focused and productive. Many word processors now have special full-screen modes, so that all unnecessary and distracting menus are disabled or hidden; rather than fiddling with font sizes or checking e-mail, you are encouraged to get

27、 on with your writing. A computer on which some features are not present, or have been deliberately disabled, may in fact be more useful if you are trying to get things done. There are no distracting hyperlinks on a typewriter.And then there is the phenomenon of “frugal“ innovation-the new ideas tha

28、t emerge when trying to reduce the cost of something in order to make it affordable to consumers in places like China, India and Brazil. The resulting products often turn out to have huge appeal in the rich world too, especially in an era of belt-tighten- ing. The netbook, or low-cost laptop, was in

29、spired by a scheme to produce cheap laptops for children in poor countries, but has since proved popular with consumers around the world.All this offers grounds for hope. If the feature-obsessed technology industry can change its tune, perhaps there is a chance that governments-which have also tende

30、d to be habitual believers in the idea that more is more-might also come to appreciate the merits of minimalism.（分数：10.00）(1).In technology industry, products（分数：2.00）A.change features rapidly.B.add new features regularly.C.are usually commonplace.D.have relatively low pric(2).We learn from Paragrap

31、h 2 that nowadays（分数：2.00）A.consumers are fond of various features of gadgets.B.Apple are best known for creating new features.C.consumers of developing countries are wealthy.D.technologists begin to pay attention to simplicity.(3).Techno-austerity in software can（分数：2.00）A.make staff more effective

32、.B.distract staff during work.C.disable software sometimes.D.show all disturbing menus.(4).Which of the following is true of frugal innovation?（分数：2.00）A.It is affordable only to westerners.B.It does not attract wealthy people.C.It is only available to poor people.D.The rich and the poor all like it

33、.(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.government also bebeive in minimalism.B.government may pursue simplicity in future.C.technologists are different from government.D.there is no hope for government to chang六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Accounting has become political. Fair-valu

34、e rules, which require assets to be marked to market prices, are blamed by some for exaggerating banks losses. Although it will take years to establish whether banks accounts have painted too bleak a picture, the rows are already in full swing. Confidence in “efficient“ market prices has been hammer

35、ed, as has the principle that accounts are designed mainly for investors.The Intemational Accounting Standards Board (IASB), which sets rules for most countries apart from America, has made tactical concessions to avoid the nightmare scenario of banks and politicians writing the rules themselves. On

36、 November 12th it issued new rules for financial assets that will be optional from this year and mandatory from 2013.Loans, or securities similar to loans, will be held at the price banks paid for them, provided the bit of the firm that owns them is not engaged in trading. Everything else will be he

37、ld at fair value. Most observers, including the IASB, reckon this will cut the proportion of assets held at fair value. Critically, for those who believe most firms try to warm up, if not fully cook, their books, the notes to the accounts will disclose all assets at fair value.The IASB also proposes

38、 a rearrangement of how bad debts are recognized. Instead of booking losses as things go sour, they will be spread over the life of a loan, although the draft rules do not go as far as Spains system of “generic provisions“ which leads to more reserves being built up in good times than in bad, smooth

39、- ing profits even more. The IASB also wants to end the practice of banks marking the price of their own debt to market, though details are not agreed.The IASB has made big concessions. Yet it is the European Commission (EC) which decides if the European Union adopts the standard-setters new rules.

40、The G20 has called for independent, global standards, that “reaffirm. the framework of fair value“, but a few countries, notably France, are hostile. In a letter to Sir David Tweedie, the IASBs chairman, the commission said the rules “may not yet have struck the fight balance“. The IASB will probabl

41、y plough on and hope the commission backs down.The IASBs position has been weakened by differences with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), which sets rules in America and which wants to merge eventually with the IASB. The FASB has yet to produce proposals on financial assets and is mor

42、e wedded to a fair-value regime. It also faces a proposal in Congress that could allow Americas new systemic-risk regulator to suspend the rules. Strength comes from unity-without it, accounting risks becoming just another tool for governments to attempt to manage the economic cycle.（分数：10.00）(1).Th

43、e statement “the rows are already in full swing“ (Line 3, Par（分数：2.00）A.1) implies thatA. many people blame fair-value rules for its exaggeration.B. many banks have suffered from huge financial losses.C. many investors lose confidence in the accounting principles.D. many disputes have erupted center

44、ing on fair-value rules.(2).According to the IASBs new rules,（分数：2.00）A.financial assets will be optional and then mandatory.B.banks can set the price for their loans as they like.C.the fair-value rules will be partially abandoned.D.bad debts will be eliminated from banks accounts.(3).The new rules

45、issued by the IASB are mainly characterized as（分数：2.00）A.political.B.concessional.C.feasible.D.effectiv(4).The commissions letter to Sir David Tweedie is mentioned to show that（分数：2.00）A.the IASB should have made bigger concessions.B.France is hostile towards the IASBs new rules.C.the EC is not in f

46、avor of the IASBs new rules.D.the IASBs new rules need the ECs approval.(5).From the text we can conclude that the author（分数：2.00）A.does not favor the IASBs new rules.B.urges the IASB and the FASB to unite.C.thinks accounting is a tool for governments.D.holds the FASB should unite with the Congress.

47、七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)At this point, most of us generally have a clue about the basics of staying in good health-eat well, exercise, dont drink too much and dont smoke. And plenty of research has been dedicated to exploring how failing on any of those fronts, or even more than one at a time, can b

48、e detrimental to overall health. Yet, for many people, those bad habits have a way of accumulating. And, according to a new study published this week in the Archives of Internal Medicine, their cumulative impact can be pretty grim. In an analysis of nearly 5,000 adults tracked for two decades, resea

49、rchers found that stacking up these four bad habits can work together to prematurely age you by as much as 12 years.Looked at independently, the risky behaviors included smoking, a sedentary lifestyle, little consumption of fruit and vegetables and regular drinking-an average of three drinks per day for men, or two for women. When compared to people who had the most healthy habits-those who never smoked, exercised at least two hours per week, ate plenty of fruits and vegetables and didnt drink at all, or drank more moderately, those with all four bad habi