【考研类试卷】考研英语-972及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语-972 及答案解析(总分：92.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Bible is the great work of the religious literature and was in process of formation for about twelve hundred years. The Bible is composed of (1) , legend, biography, genealogies, ethics, law, proverbial wisdom, sermons, proph

2、esy, lyric poetry, hymns and theology. It is not only (2) a book but a (3) of books. The Bible (4) two major (5) , the Old Testament and the NewTestament. The Old Testament was written originally almost entirely (6) Hebrew with a little Aramaic, from the eleventh to the second century BC. It is the

3、national (7) literature of the people of Israel. The New Testament was written in Greek from about 40 AD to 150. It 8 the earliest documents (9) the life, teaching, crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus and the establishment of the (10) church. The (11) work is from the first book Genesis, to the la

4、st,Revelations. The (12) and richness of the Bible (13) literature (14) the Old Testament are unparalleled. In the literary (15) , poetry, The Bible is 16 . The Bible is an assemblage of literature. It is in a unique (17) among the worlds books (18) the richness of its (19) and spiritual values. It

5、can be called the (20) of books.（分数：10.00）(1).A. fiction B. history C. novel D. drama（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. presumably B. shortly C. presently D. simply（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. collection B. constitution C. criticism D. contradiction（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. makes B. moderates C. comprises D. composes

6、分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. diversion B. distinction C. divisions D. discrepancy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. on B. by C. with D. in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. permanent B. religious C. identical D. theoretical（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. contains B. contaminates C. commends D. commences（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. through

7、 B. on C. within D. by（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. Catholic B. contemporary C. Christian D. confidential（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. vast B. valid C. verbal D. virtual（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. divorce B. distress C. dismay D. diversity（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. as B. for C. of D. by（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. tra

8、ditionally B. conversely C. especially D. practically（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. standard B. form C. stand D. formation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. cunning B. promising C. underlying D. surpassing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. place B. venue C. position D. site（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. for B. on C. in D. to（分数：0.

9、50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. greedy B. artistic C. practical D. absurd（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. chapter B. poem C. romance D. book（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When Dr. John W. Gofman, professor of medical physics at the University of Califor

10、nia and a leading nuclear critic, speaks of “ecocide“ in his adversary view of nuclear technology, he means the following. A large nuclear plant like that in Kalkar, the Netherlands, would produce about 200 pounds of plutonium each year. One pound, released into the atmosphere, could cause 9 billion

11、 cases of lung cancer. This waste product must be stored for 500,000 years before it is of no further danger to man. In the anticipated reactor economy, it is estimated that there will be 10,000 tons of this material in Western Europe, of which one table-spoonful of plutonium-239 represents the offi

12、cial maximum permissible body burden for 200,000 people. Rather than being biodegradable, plutonium destroys biological properties.In 1972 the .U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration ruled that the asbestos level in the work place should be lowered to 2 fibers per cubic centimeter of air

13、 but the effective date of the ruling has been delayed until now. The International Federation of Chemical and General Workers Unions report that the 2-fiber standard was based primarily on one study of 290 men at a British asbestos factory. But when the workers at the British factory had been reex

14、amined by another physician, 40-70 percent had X-ray evidence of lung abnormalities. According to present medical information at the factory in question, out of a total of 29 deaths thus far, seven were caused by lung cancer. An average European or American worker comes into contact with six million

15、 fibers a day. “We are now, in fact, finding cancer deaths within the family of the asbestos worker,“ states Dr. Irving Selikoff, of the Mount Sinai Medical School in New York.It is now also clear that vinyl chloride, a gas from which the most widely used plastics are made, causes a fatal cancer of

16、the blood-vessel cells of the liver. However, the history of the research on vinyl chloride is, in some ways, more disturbing than the “Watergate cover- up. “ “There has been evidence of potentially serious disease among polyvinyl chloride workers for 25 years that has been incompletely appreciated

17、and inadequately approached by medical scientists and by regulatory authorities,“ summed up Dr. Selikoff in the New Scientist. At least 17 workers have been killed by vinyl chloride because research over the past 25 years was not followed up. And for over 10 years, workers have been exposed to conce

18、ntrations of vinyl chloride 10 times the “safe limit“ imposed by Dow Chemical Company.（分数：10.00）(1).By “ecocide“ the author most probably meansA. waste utilization.B. ecological balance.C. radioactive reaction.D. massive bio-destruction.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, the author mentions

19、 plutonium in paragraph 1 toA. estimate the amount of nuclear material in Europe.B. exemplify one of the possible causes of lung cancer.C. highlight the measures needed to prevent lung cancer.D. show the destructive properties of industrial waste materials.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The style of the secon

20、d paragraph is mainlyA. factual.B. sarcastic.C. emotional.D. argumentative.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to paragraph 3, some workers have been killed by harmful pollutants in thatA. production could not be halted.B. they failed to take safety measures.C. research was not pursued to a solution.D. s

21、afety equipment was not adequately provided.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the text that the author believes thatA. nationwide application of anti-pollution devices can finally prevent cancer.B. tough legislation is needed to set lower limits of worker exposure to harmful chemicals.C.

22、more research is required into the causes of cancer before further progress can be made.D. industrialization must be slowed down to prevent further spread of cancer-causing agents.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Now that many media chieftains have fallen into disrepute and have left, those w

23、ho are still in positions feel the need to take the problem seriously.“CEOs were overturned as were some stocks.“ That is how AOL Time Warner entertainment group Chairman Jeff Bewkes summed it up. The era of the “imperial“ (one-man rule) CEO has come to an end, MTV Networks Chairman Tom Freston adde

24、d.The two executives agreed that the industrys complex and often ill-fated megs mergers had proven that bigger is not necessarily better, no matter how big the reputations of the personalities behind them.The continuing flameout of media executives who a few years ago were hailed as visionaries was

25、active this month, and the industrys fears reached into the executive ranks of music, publishing and TV.Technology visionary Steve Case left as chairman of AOL Time Warner, replaced by Chief Executive Richard Parsons. Top executives at Sony Music, MCA Records and Random House were booted. And Walter

26、 Isaacson, chairman of CNN Networks, left for a think tank.This shows just how difficult it has become to find the right managers for the terribly altered media. “Many executives got caught up in the late 90s boom in the media industry and got ahead of themselves in strategic vision for their compan

27、ies,“ said Mark May, of US investment firm Kaufman Bros. “It takes more than a couple of years for these companies to be ready for another visionary. “The collapse of the dotcom bubble, the ability of music fans to get songs free on the Internet, sagging bottom lines and intense competition among ca

28、ble TV news networks are some developments that helped trip up media executives recently. But the urge to merge was one of their weakest points.It is not that media companies should avoid all mergers, said Larry Haverty, managing director at State Street Research, a US investment management firm. Th

29、ey need acquisitions for growth. But making them work is a real challenge. They need to choose what pieces fit together and how much they are worth. They need to adjust quickly when technology and consumer habit trends shift. And, more than ever, they must be careful not to promise too much.Sony Cor

30、p. of America Chairman Howard Stringer said that an executive today is “the rarest of senior entertainment executives, equally adept at business, management strategy and value creation, as well as a consummate (完美的) and proven developer of content, talent and ideas“.（分数：6.00）(1).Both Jeff and Tom ag

31、ree thatA. media chieftains are visionary and active.B. media executives have big reputations and nice personalities.C. the media industry should be cautious about merger.D. the media industry is too complicated to handle.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “flameout“ (Line 1, Paragraph 4) may probably me

32、anA. extravagance. B. promotion, C. merger. D. resignation.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).What caused the decline of media?A. There are no visionary executives.B. Corporate strategies are ahead of time.C. Many executives got caught in the late 90s.D. Many wise executives have left the media industry.（分数：1.20）

33、A.B.C.D.(4).The biggest problem media executives are facing nowadays isA. the desire to combine.B. competition among cable TV.C. the collapse of media industry.D. the interference from Internet.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the text, a good media CEO needs the following capabilities EXCEPTA. bei

34、ng skilled at business.B. having the ability to adjust before trends change.C. being expert in developing talent and thoughts.D. having the ability to manage and create.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：6.00)In more than a century of hand-to-hand combat in shops, supermarket aisles, restaurants and

35、 bars around the world, Coca-Cola has nearly always been in the lead and Pepsi in second place. When Warren Buffett, Cokes long-time investor, told the board that he had visited a pizza parlour in Omaha, Nebraska, with his grandson only to discover it served nothing but Pepsi, Cokes bosses acted swi

36、ftly to remove their arch-rival from the menu and replace it with Coke.If only the Atlanta-based company had moved as determinedly in response to changing consumer tastes, it might have avoided a humiliating reversal in fortunes. On December 12th PepsiCo overtook Coca-Cola in market capitalisation f

37、or the first time. With PepsiCos share price having risen by 14% this year, its stock market value reached $ 98.4 billion, compared with $ 97.9 billion for Coca-Co la, which has seen its shares decline by 1.2% in the same period.Pepsi is powered not by its traditional fizzy drinks-sales of those are

38、 flat-but such products as Gatorade, a sports drink that has seen sales grow by more than 30%. Gatorade also represents a broader diversification by PepsiCo away from a reliance on sugary colas and into other products. PepsiCo now reportedly gets around 20% of its revenue from soft drinks, unlike Co

39、ca-Cola, where they account for some 80%.Many of the brands that PepsiCo has been acquiring and promoting appeal to consumers concerns a bout their health. PepsiCos latest advertising programme promotes a new “Smart Spot“ symbol, which al lows people to identify healthier products. The spots are bei

40、ng attached to Gatorade and other PepsiCo brands such as Tropicana orange juice, Aquafina water, baked lays crisps and Quaker Granola Bars.Coca-Cola will now try to regain the crown. Having endured various troubles and two chief executives since the death in 1997 of Roberto Goizueta, a much-admired

41、boss, Coke brought a veteran, Neville Isdell, out of retirement last year to reinvigorate the company. Mr. Isdell knows a thing or two about being in second place. In the 1980s he took Coke from the number two spot in the Philip pines to move ahead of Pepsi.Mr. Isdell has Cokes own sports drink, Pow

42、erade, in his portfolio-but he could have had Gatorade. Five years ago another fizzy drink (champagne) was on ice, to celebrate Coca-Colas $15.8 billion takeover of Quaker Oats, then owner of Gatorade. This takeover was supposed to lead Coke into what looked to be a hot new market for health drinks.

43、 But the “Sage of Omaha“, as Mr. Buffett is known, blocked the deal, in part because it would have diluted the value of Cokes shares. Pepsi took over Quaker Oats instead-a memory that must leave Mr. Buffett and other Coke shareholders with a bitter taste in their mouths.（分数：6.00）(1).The story of Mr.

44、 Buffett is noted to suggest thatA. Mr. Buffett is the investor of Coca-Cola.B. Pepsi is served in the pizza parlour.C. Coke is now served in the pizza parlour.D. Coke used to win the battle against Pepsi.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).What can be inferred from the figures in Paragraph 2?A. Coke is now in a h

45、umiliating situation.B. Pepsi excelled Coke in sales.C. Coke falls behind Pepsi in stock market value.D. Pepsi earned more profit than Coke.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).By listing some products of Pepsi, the author wants to tell us thatA. Coke is making the same products. B. he prefers Pepsi to Coke.C. Peps

46、i has many different products. D. Pepsi is successful except soft drinks.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “reinvigorate“ ( Line 3, Paragraph 5 ) probably meansA. to keep healthy. B. to remain stronger.C. to reform and better. D. to change.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).The text suggests that Mr. IsdellA. will ta

47、ke over Gatorade. B. will promote Powerade.C. rejected Mr. Buffetts decision. D. regrets about his decision.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is hard to box against a southpaw, as Apollo Creed found out when he fought Rocky Balboa in the first of an interminable series of movies. While “Ro

48、cky“ is fiction, the strategic advantage of being left-handed in a fight is very real, simply because most right-handed people have little experience of fighting left-handers, but not vice versa. And the same competitive advantage is enjoyed by left-handers in other sports, such as tennis and cricke

49、t.The orthodox view of human handedness is that it is connected to the bilateral specialization of the brain that has concentrated language-processing functions on the left side of that organ. Because, long ago in the evolutionary past, an ancestor of humans ( and all other vertebrate animals ) underwent a contortion that twisted its head around 180 relative to its body, the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body, and vice versa. In humans, the left brain (and thus the right body) is usually dominant. And on average, lefthanders are smaller and lig