【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷141及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语-试卷 141 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The problem to be taken up and the point at which the search for a solution will begi

2、n are customarily prescribed by the investigator (1)_ a subject participating in an (2)_ on thinking (or by the programmer for a computer). (3)_, prevailing techniques of (4)_ in the psychology of thinking have invited (5)_ of the motivational aspects of thinking. The conditions that determine when

3、the person will begin to think in (6)_ to some other activity, what he will think about, what direction his thinking will take, and when he will regard his search for a solution as successfully terminated (or abandon it as not worth pursuing further) (7)_ are beginning to attract investigation. (8)_

4、 much thinking is aimed at (9)_ ends, special motivational problems are raised by “disinterested“ thinking, in which the (10)_ of an answer to a question is a source of satisfaction in itself. For computer specialists, the detection of a mismatch between the formula that the program so far has (11)_

5、 and some formula or set of requirements that (12)_ a solution is what impels continuation of the search and determines the direction it will (13)_. Neo-behaviorists (like psychoanalysts) have made much of secondary (14)_ value and stimulus generalization; i. e., the tendency of a stimulus pattern t

6、o become a source of satisfaction if it resembles or has (15)_ accompanied some form of biological gratification. The insufficiency of this kind of explanation becomes apparent, (16)_, when the importance of novelty, surprise, complexity, incongruity, ambiguity, and (17)_ is considered. Inconsistenc

7、y between beliefs, between items of incoming sensory information, or between one“s belief and an item of sensory information (18)_ can be a source of discomfort impelling a (19)_ for resolution through reorganization of belief (20)_ or through selective acquisition of new information.（分数：40.00）A.for

8、B.intoC.withD.byA.procedureB.experimentC.programD.adventureA.HoweverB.ConsequentlyC.ThusD.SimultaneouslyA.encounterB.obligationC.insightD.inquiryA.considerationB.discoveryC.questionD.neglectA.respectB.preferenceC.responseD.returnA.rarelyB.particularlyC.barelyD.definitelyA.AlthoughB.SinceC.UnlessD.Pr

9、ovidedA.normalB.practicalC.plausibleD.terminalA.processB.recognitionC.predictionD.discoveryA.createdB.contributedC.donatedD.producedA.demandB.defineC.defendD.detectA.followB.bringC.stimulateD.characterizeA.pressureB.emphasisC.rewardD.profitA.obviouslyB.subsequentlyC.frequentlyD.commonlyA.thoughB.how

10、everC.moreoverD.thereforeA.popularityB.publicityC.difficultyD.uncertaintyA.broadlyB.evidentlyC.distinctlyD.confusedlyA.searchB.wishC.pleaD.talentA.devicesB.structuresC.systemsD.concepts二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following fo

11、ur texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._It was inevitable that any of President George W. Bush“s fans had to be very disappointed by his decision to implement high tariffs on steel imported to the U.S. The president“s defense was pathetic. He argued that the steel ta

12、riffs were somehow consistent with free trade, that the domestic industry was important and struggling, and that the relief was a temporary measure to allow time for restructuring. One reason that this argument is absurd is that U.S. integrated steel companies (“Big Steel“) have received various for

13、ms of government protection and subsidy for more than 30 years. Instead of encouraging the industry to restructure, the long-term protection has sustained inefficient companies and cost U.S. consumers dearly. As Anne O. Krueger, now deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, said i

14、n a report on Big Steel: “The American Big Steel industry has been the champion lobbyist and seeker of protection.It provides a key and disillusioning example of the ability to lobby in Washington for measures which hurt the general public and help a very small group. Since 1950s, Big Steel has been

15、 reluctant to make the investments needed to match the new technologies introduced elsewhere. It agreed to high wages for its unionized labor force. Hence, the companies have difficulty in competing not only with more efficient producers in Asia and Europe but also with technologically advanced U.S.

16、 mini-mills, which rely on scrap metal as an input. Led by Nucor Cor., these mills now capture about half of overall U.S. sales. The profitability of U.S. steel companies depends also on steel prices, which, despite attempts at protection by the U.S. and other governments, are determined primarily i

17、n world markets. These prices are relatively high as recently as early 2000 but have since declined with the world recession to reach the lowest dollar values of the last 20 years. Although these low prices are unfortunate for U.S. producers, they are beneficial for the overall U.S. economy. The low

18、 prices are also signal that the inefficient Big Steel companies should go out of business even faster than they have been. Instead of leaving or modernizing, the dying Big Steel industry complains that foreigners dump steels by selling at low prices. However, it is hard to see why it is bad for the

19、 overall U.S. economy if foreign producers wish to sell us their goods at low prices. After all, the extreme case of dumping is one where foreigners give us their steel for free and why would that be a bad thing?（分数：10.00）(1).According to Anne Krueger, long-term government protection given to steel

20、companies _.（分数：2.00）A.will increase the state wealth.B.will threaten trade monopoly.C.will raise their competitiveness.D.will ultimately hurt consumers.(2).The U.S. integrated steel companies believe that, to modernize their technologies, they are in need of _.（分数：2.00）A.the sacrifice from U.S. con

21、sumers.B.the government“s financial support.C.the reduction of steel product prices.D.the compromise from the labor force.(3).Which of the following can be a disadvantage of U.S. “Big Steel“ as pointed out in the text?（分数：2.00）A.Lower efficiency.B.Lack of protection.C.Corporate structures.D.Lobbyist

22、 addiction.(4).We can draw a conclusion from the text that the overall U.S. economy _.（分数：2.00）A.must guard against foreigners selling their steel at shocking prices.B.had difficulty in sustaining development in face of foreign competitors.C.can benefit enormously from the lower prices of steel in w

23、orld markets.D.took advantage of the government“s protection to enhance efficiency.(5).The author“s attitude towards the measure adopted by the President seems to be that of _.（分数：2.00）A.approval.B.optimism.C.opposition.D.indifference.On Mar. 14, when Wal-Mart Stores Inc. announced its first foray i

24、nto Japan, the Bentonville (Ark.) retailing giant placed a big bet that it could succeed where countless other foreign companies have failed. In the past five years, a number of famous Western brands have been forced to close up shop after failing to catch on in Japan, one of the world“s largestbut

25、most variableconsumer markets. May Wal-Mart make a go of it where others have stumbled? One good sign is that the mass marketer is not rushing in blindly. It has taken an initial 6.1% stake in ailing food-and-clothing chain Seiyu Ltd., which it can raise to a controlling 33.4% by yearend and to 66.7

26、% by 2007. That gives Wal-Mart time to revise its strategyor run for the exits. The question is whether Wal-Mart can apply the lessons it has learned in other parts of Asia to Japan. This, after all, is a nation of notoriously finicky consumerswho have become even more so since Japan slipped into a

27、decade-long slump. How will Wal-Mart bring to bear its legendary cost-cutting savvy in a market already affected by falling prices? Analysts are understandably skeptical. “It is uncertain whether Wal-Mart“s business models will be effective in Japan“, Standard others do not want to subordinate state

28、 authority to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.D. It was unclear when the waters would recede, never mind when life would return to normal. Power may not be restored for weeks. Looting, too. Began to spiral out of control. Mr. Nagin, who said the city might be uninhabitable for three months,

29、 was forced to order police to concentrate on stopping crime, not saving people.E. What“s preventing greater connection and coordination between regions? The technology exists, and is available; the economic benefits of relieving the bottlenecks between regions far exceeds the costs by many billions

30、 of dollars.F. Yet, despite claims in the wake of last week“s blackout that the nation has a “third world“ power grid, the regional networks are first world. But in one critical aspect, the system has become increasingly vulnerable: in the interconnections among the different regions. Both the numbe

31、r and size of the wires on the borders between regions are inadequate for the rising flow of electricity. This missing part creates the worst bottlenecks in the system.G. Since entering the overseas power market in 1993, KEPCO has established several achievements through its distinguished internatio

32、nal business strategies to promote electric power development of the world. Based on its long experience and advanced technology gained over 100 years in Korea, KEPCO continues to build up its outstanding reputation as a leading utility company. Moreover, KEPCO embraces challenges and makes bold ste

33、ps into wider markets in the world by its flair for dynamic activities, which is favorably received in the Philippines, China, Vietnam and Libya.（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_5.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese._In the

34、past year, a lot has changed in the field of human spaceflight. (46) In January, President George Bush brushed aside the fact that America“s entire space-shuttle fleet was grounded when he announced grandiose plans to put people back on the moon, and then to launch a manned mission to Mars. (47) In

35、June, Burt Rutan, an American aeronautical engineer, showed that human spaceflight was no longer the preserve of governments by sending a man to the edge of space in Space Ship One, a privately financed vehicle that cost about the same to build as a luxury yacht. That was followed in September by Si

36、r Richard Branson, the British entrepreneur behind the Virgin brand, announcing that he had signed a deal with Mr. Rutan to work on plans for a fleet of five suborbital vehicles developed from Space Ship One. (48) Now, in the dying days of the year, America“s Congress has passed a bill that unravels

37、 a tangle about who would be responsible for regulating the fledgling industry, and under what terms. (49) The bill also allows passengers to fly, on the understanding that this new generation of vehicles may not be as safe as taking a commercial flight between, say, New York and London. The officia

38、l line from Virgin Galactica, as Sir Richard“s latest venture is modestly named, is that this coming change in the law makes no practical difference to the firm“s plans, since they do not intend to fly unless they can make their spacecraft as safe as a private jet. But it must surely come as some so

39、rt of relief. In any case, Will Whitehorn, director of corporate affairs at Virgin“s headquarters in London, and soon to become the president of Virgin Galactica, says that work is under way on a mock-up of the interior of a new spacecraft that will hold five passengers. (50) Virgin has already comm

40、itted $20m towards licensing the SpaceShipOne technology from Mr. Rutan and his financial backer Paul Allen, a software billionaire.（分数：10.00）_三、Writing(总题数：5，分数：4.00)6.Section III Writing_7.Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information._8.Write

41、an announcement to your schoolmates, informing them an off-campus activity on September 18th You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming“ instead. Do not write the address.（分数：2.00）_9.Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on th

42、e following information._10.Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the drawing, 2) analyze the purpose of the painter and 3) state your position.You should write about 160200 words neatly. （分数：2.00）_考研英语-试卷 141 答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of Engl

43、ish(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：The problem to be taken up and the point at which the search for a solution will begin are customarily prescribed by the investigator

44、(1)_ a subject participating in an (2)_ on thinking (or by the programmer for a computer). (3)_, prevailing techniques of (4)_ in the psychology of thinking have invited (5)_ of the motivational aspects of thinking. The conditions that determine when the person will begin to think in (6)_ to some other activity, what he will think about, what direction his thinking will take, and when he will regard his search for a solution as successfully terminated (or abandon it as not worth pursuing further) (7)_ are beginning to attract investigation. (8)_ much