【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷42及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语-试卷 42 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Modern liberal opinion is sensitive to problems of restriction of freedom and abuse of

2、 power. (1)_, many hold that a man can be injured only by violating his will, but this view is much too (2)_. It fails to (3)_ the great dangers we shall face in the (4)_ of biomedical technology that stems from an excess of freedom, from the unrestrained (5)_ of will. In my view, our greatest probl

3、ems will be voluntary self-degradation, or willing dehumanization, as is the unintended yet often inescapable consequence of sternly and successfully pursuing our humanization (6)_. Certain (7)_ and perfected medical technologies have already had some dehumanizing consequences. Improved methods of r

4、esuscitation have made (8)_ heroic efforts to “save“ the severely ill and injured. Yet these efforts are sometimes only partly successful: They may succeed in (9)_ individuals, but these individuals may have sever brain damage and be capable of only a less-than-human, vegetating (10)_. Such patients

5、 have been (11)_ a death with dignity. Families are forced to bear the burden of a (12)_ “death watch“. (13)_ the ordinary methods of treating disease and prolonging life have changed the (14)_ in which men die. Fewer and fewer people die in the familiar surroundings of home or in the (15)_ of famil

6、y and friends. This loneliness, (16)_, is not confined to the dying patient in the hospital bed. As a group, the elderly are the most alienated members of our society: Not yet (17)_ the world of the dead, not deemed fit for the world of the living, they are shunted (18)_. We have learned how to incr

7、ease their years, (19)_ we have not learned how to help them enjoy their days. Yet we continue to bravely and feverishly push back the frontiers (20)_ death.（分数：40.00）A.IndeedB.LikewiseC.ThereforeD.FurthermoreA.detachedB.prejudicedC.favoredD.interferedA.identifyB.promoteC.recognizeD.assistA.allocati

8、onB.expenseC.restrictionD.availabilityA.adviceB.accessC.executionD.exerciseA.functionsB.goalsC.purposesD.originsA.obtainedB.affordedC.desiredD.offeredA.possibleB.probableC.properD.potentialA.supportingB.rescuingC.replacingD.retrievingA.maintenanceB.survivalC.lifeD.existenceA.deprivedB.repelledC.reje

9、ctedD.deniedA.shortenedB.prolongedC.removedD.extendedA.EvenB.ButC.OnlyD.HenceA.rangeB.scopeC.contextD.territoryA.wakeB.processC.companyD.lightA.moreoverB.howeverC.henceD.thusA.limited toB.isolated fromC.prepared forD.absorbed intoA.awayB.asideC.offD.downA.exceptB.soC.orD.butA.aboveB.againstC.uponD.w

10、ith二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._How did the company come to produce a record glorifying the murder of police, which is entitled Cop Killer by

11、 the rapper Ice-T on the album Boby Count? The album is released by Warner Bros. Records, part of the Time Warner media and entertainment conglomerate. In a Wall Street Journal oped piece laying out the company“s position, Time Warner co CEO Gerald Levin makes two defenses. First, Ice-T“s Cop Killer

12、 is misunderstood. “It doesn“t induce or glorify violence.It“s his fictionalized attempt to get inside a character“s head.Cop Killer is no more a call for gunning down the police than Frankie and Johnny is a summons for jilted lovers to shoot one another.“ Instead of “finding ways to silence the mes

13、senger“, we should be “heeding the anguished cry contained in his message“. This defense is self-contradictory. Frankie and Johnny does not pretend to have a political “message“ that must be “heeded“. If Cop Killer has a message, it is that the murder of policemen is a justified response to police b

14、rutality. And not in self-defense, but in premeditated acts of revenge against random cops. Killing policemen is a good thingthat is the plain meaning of the song, and no “larger understanding“ of black culture, the rage of the streets or anything else can explain it away. As in much of today“s popu

15、lar music, the line between performer and performance is purposely blurred. These are political sermonettes clearly intended to support the sentiments being expressed. Tracy Marrow (Ice-T) himself has said, “I scared the police, and they need to be scared“. That seems clear. The company“s second def

16、ense of Cop Killer is the classic one of free expression: “We stand for creative freedom. We believe that the worth of what an artist or journalist has to say does not depend on preapproval from a government official or a corporate censor“. Of course Ice-T has the right to say whatever he wants. But

17、 that doesn“t require any company to provide him an Outlet. And it doesn“t relieve a company of responsibility for the messages it chooses to promote. Judgment is not “censorship“. Many an “anguished cry“ goes unrecorded. This one was recorded, and promoted, because a successful artist under contrac

18、t wanted to record it. Nothing wrong with making money, but a company cannot take the money and run from the responsibility. The founder of Time, Henry Luce, would have scorned the notion that his company provided a value-free forum for the exchange of ideas. In Luce“s system, editors were supposed

19、to make value judgments and promote the truth as they saw it.（分数：10.00）(1).In the eyes of the author, Ice-T“s Cop Killer should be condemned for _.（分数：2.00）A.praising acts of violence against police.B.seeking to earn enormous sums of money.C.working under contract with a company.D.exercising revenge

20、 against random cops.(2).Gerald Levin mentions the case of Frankie and Johnny to justify _.（分数：2.00）A.calling for creative freedom.B.bringing home to self-defenses.C.perceiving true messages.D.accepting the murder of lovers.(3).It is often claimed that some messages conveyed in popular music _.（分数：2

21、.00）A.are nothing but fictions.B.are intended for performers.C.are supposed to be true.D.are too vague to recognize.(4).The author asserts that Gerald Levin“s defenses of Cop Killer are _.（分数：2.00）A.unreasonable but clear.B.illogical and outmoded.C.simple and responsible.D.fresh but superficial.(5).

22、It can be learned that the company has moved far from its founder“s _.（分数：2.00）A.notional rigidity.B.creative styles.C.official images.D.media criteria.Until recently, mobile radio was to wireless communications what the Yugo was to transportation. With a mixed clientele ranging from truckers using

23、CBs to police armed with walkie-talkies to taxi drivers dispatched by radio, it was viewed as an unglamorous business and a technological backwater. But specialized mobile radio, as it is known, has been rediscovered. It is now considered one of the biggest prizes in the all-out war for the public a

24、irwaves. The reason: high-tech companies have figured out how to profitably rebuild the antiquated dispatching system into an advanced cellular-telephone network that can take on the likes of AT he makes unauthorized copies of Kevin Costner“s latest film, sells fake Cartier watches and steals the fo

25、rmula for Merck“s newest pharmaceutical. That“s where the money is.F. One reason is that any countries offer only feeble protection to intellectual property. Realizing that such laxness will exclude them from much world trade as well as hobble native industries, nations everywhere are revising laws

26、covering patents, copyrights and trade names. Malaysia, Egypt, China, turkey, Brazil and even the Soviet Union have all recently announced plans either to enact new laws or beef up existing safeguards. In an effort to win U.S. congressional support for a proposed free-trade pact, Mexico last month r

27、evealed plans to double the life of trademark licenses to 10 years and extend patent protection for the first time to such products as pharmaceuticals and food.G. Companies are cracking down on pirates who steal designs, movies and computer programs. The battle is getting hotterand more important. W

28、hen Johnson he makes unauthorized copies of Kevin Costner“s latest film, sells fake Cartier watches and steals the formula for Merck“s newest pharmaceutical. That“s where the money is.F. One reason is that any countries offer only feeble protection to intellectual property. Realizing that such laxne

29、ss will exclude them from much world trade as well as hobble native industries, nations everywhere are revising laws covering patents, copyrights and trade names. Malaysia, Egypt, China, turkey, Brazil and even the Soviet Union have all recently announced plans either to enact new laws or beef up ex

30、isting safeguards. In an effort to win U.S. congressional support for a proposed free-trade pact, Mexico last month revealed plans to double the life of trademark licenses to 10 years and extend patent protection for the first time to such products as pharmaceuticals and food.G. Companies are cracki

31、ng down on pirates who steal designs, movies and computer programs. The battle is getting hotterand more important. When Johnson & Johnson introduced a new fiber-glass casting tape for broken bones several years ago, executives at Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing flew into a rage. The tape, which se

32、ts fractures faster than plaster, was remarkably similar in design and function to a casting tape developed by 3M scientists. The St. Paul-based company quickly sued, charging J & J with violating four of its patents. Last month a federal court backed 3M and ordered J & J to pay $116 million in dama

33、ges and interestthe fourth largest patent-infringement judgment in history.Order: G is the first paragraph and F is the last.（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：E）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：C）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：A）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：B）解析：5.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then transla

34、te the underlined segments into Chinese._解析：The level of economic and industrial development enjoyed by a state affects the foreign policy goals it can pursue. (46) As a general proposition, the more developed a state is economically, the more likely it is that it will play an activist role in the w

35、orld political economy. Rich nations have interests that extend far beyond their borders and typically command the means necessary to pursue and protect them. (47) Not coincidentally, countries that enjoy industrial capabilities and extensive involvement in international trade also tend to be milita

36、rily powerful, in part because military might is a function of economic capabilities. For two decades after world war two, the United States and the Soviet Union stood out as superpowers precisely because they benefited from that combination of economic and military capability including extensive ar

37、senals of nuclear weapons and the means to deliver them anywhere, that enabled both to practice unrestrained globalism. Their imperial reach and interventionist behaviors were seemingly unrestrained by limited wealth or resources. In fact, major powers have been involved in foreign conflict more fre

38、quently than minor powers. Although economically advanced nations are more active globally, this does not mean that their privileged circumstances dictate adventuresome policies. Rich nations are usually “satisfied“ ones that have much to lose from the onset of revolutionary change or global instabi

39、lity. (48) For this reason, they usually perceive preservation of the status quo as serving their interests best, and they often practice international economic policies designed to protect and expand their envied position at the pinnacle of the global hierarchy. Levels of productivity and prosperit

40、y also affect the foreign policies of the poor states at the bottom of the hierarchy. (49) Some respond to their economic weakness by complying subserviently with the wishes of the rich on which they depend. Others rebel defiantly, and they sometimes succeed in resisting major power efforts to contr

41、ol their international behavior. Hence efforts to generalize about the economic foundations of states“ international political behavior often prove unrewarding. Levels of economic development vary widely among states in the international system, but they do not by themselves determine foreign polici

42、es. (50) Instead the opportunities and constraints that leaders perceive in their nation“s attributes, rather than the actual level of development, may be the determining source of states“ international conduct.（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：通常说来，一个国家的经济越发达，越有可能在世界政治经济中扮演一个活跃的角色。)解析：_正确答案：(正确答案：理所当然，有工业实力和广泛

43、参与国际贸易的国家往往是军事强国，其部分原因是军事强权体现了经济实力。)解析：_正确答案：(正确答案：因此富裕国家一般认为，保持现状最能保羡慕的高级国际地位的国际经济政策。)解析：_正确答案：(正确答案：一些贫的愿望而行事。还有一些国家公然反抗，有时成功地抵制大国左右其国际行为的企图。)解析：_正确答案：(正确答案：相反，决定各个国家国际行有的机遇和限制，而不是发展的实际水平。)解析：三、Writing(总题数：5，分数：4.00)6.Section III Writing_解析：7.Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less

44、 than 100 words on the following information._解析：8.Yesterday you were told that there was going to be a seminar sponsored by a newspaper. The discussion is centered upon juvenile psychology. You want to make your presentation during the seminar, and now write a letter to the editor-in-chief of the p

45、aper. Your writing should be based upon the following outline: 1) inquiry about relevant information, 2) a brief account of your expertise, 3) and expression of your interest. Write your letter in no less than 100 words and write it neatly. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming“ instead. Do not write the address.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：To whom it may concern, I take the liberty to inquire about some information as regards the seminar held by your newspaper. I want to know the place and date of the discussion, so I can arrange