【考研类试卷】考研英语133及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语 133及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)News reports often focus on disputes among scientists over the validity of preliminary (untested) data, hypotheses, and models (which by definition are tentative). This aspect of science- 1 because it has not been widely 2 and accept

2、ed-is called frontier science. The media 3 to focus on frontier science because its so-called “breakthroughs“ make good news stories. Just because something is in the 4 of frontier science, 5 , does not mean that it isnt worthy of serious consideration; 6 , such matters need further study to determi

3、ne their 7 . 8 contrast, consensus science consists of data, models, theories, and laws that are widely accepted. This aspect of science is very reliable but is 9 considered newsworthy. The trouble is that the word science is used to 10 both frontier and consensus science, without 11 The media prefe

4、rence 12 frontier science gives the public the 13 impression that frontier science 14 very certain conclusions, which may or may not be correct. However, 15 some frontier science is later shown to be unreliable, members of the public often falsely 16 that consensus science is also quite uncertain. W

5、e need to take both frontier and consensus science 17 but recognize their differences. One way to find out what scientists generally agree 18 is to seek out reports by scientific bodies that attempt to 19 consensus in 20 areas of science and technology. （分数：1.00）(1).News reports often focus on dispu

6、tes among scientists over the validity of preliminary (untested) data, hypotheses, and models (which by definition are tentative). This aspect of science- 1 because it has not been widely 2 and accepted-is called frontier science. The media 3 to focus on frontier science because its so-called “break

7、throughs“ make good news stories. Just because something is in the 4 of frontier science, 5 , does not mean that it isnt worthy of serious consideration; 6 , such matters need further study to determine their 7 . 8 contrast, consensus science consists of data, models, theories, and laws that are wid

8、ely accepted. This aspect of science is very reliable but is 9 considered newsworthy. The trouble is that the word science is used to 10 both frontier and consensus science, without 11 The media preference 12 frontier science gives the public the 13 impression that frontier science 14 very certain c

9、onclusions, which may or may not be correct. However, 15 some frontier science is later shown to be unreliable, members of the public often falsely 16 that consensus science is also quite uncertain. We need to take both frontier and consensus science 17 but recognize their differences. One way to fi

10、nd out what scientists generally agree 18 is to seek out reports by scientific bodies that attempt to 19 consensus in 20 areas of science and technology. （分数：0.05）A.controversialB.suspiciousC.debatableD.untrustworthyA.checkedB.testedC.approvedD.confirmedA.therebyB.howeverC.moreoverD.notwithstandingA

11、ratherB.otherwiseC.anywayD.thereforeA.integrityB.availabilityC.reliabilityD.stabilityA.ByB.ToC.OnD.InA.merelyB.oddlyC.fairlyD.rarelyA.referB.indicateC.modifyD.describeA.discriminationB.distinctionC.exceptionD.presumptionA.toB.onC.forD.withA.fancyB.falseC.vividD.virtualA.presentsB.reachesC.providesD

12、grantsA.preferB.temptC.intendD.tendA.untilB.unlessC.whenD.whileA.imagineB.concludeC.predictD.perceiveA.identicallyB.uniformlyC.cautiouslyD.seriouslyA.onB.toC.withD.inA.summarizeB.systematizeC.recognizeD.revitalizeA.latentB.intactC.oddD.keyA.hedgeB.circleC.realmD.scope二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00

13、)1 Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the cartoon, 2) interpret its main idea, and 3) propose possible solutions. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) . Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essa

14、y in which you should 1) describe the cartoon, 2) interpret its main idea, and 3) propose possible solutions. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informa

15、tional needs become complicated. Many of lifes problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many peo

16、ple today. In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War . As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will

17、 be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned. Adding to soc

18、ietal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming. Coupled wi

19、th the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine readable files,

20、and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the

21、 instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled Without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and deliv

22、ery of information, thus making more information available to more people. In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their busi

23、ness, social and family life, will survive and succeed. “Knowledge is power“ may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people. （分数：1.00）(1). The word “it“ ( line 3, para. 2) most probably refers to_.（分数：0.25）A.the lack of stable communitiesB.

24、the breakdown of informal information channelsC.the increased mobility of familiesD.the growing number of people moving from place to place(2). The main problem people may encounter today arises from the fact that_.（分数：0.25）A.they have to learn new things consciouslyB.they lack the confidence of sec

25、uring reliable and trustworthy informationC.they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readilyD.they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family(3). From the passage we can infer that_.（分数：0.25）A.electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting message

26、sB.it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information eraC.people will spend less time holding meeting or conferencesD.events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites(4).We can learn from the last paragraph that_.（分数：0.25）A.it is necessary to obtain as much know

27、ledge as possibleB.people should make the best use of the information accessibleC.we should realize the importance of accumulating informationD.it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficientlyMuch of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as“ steering the economy to a

28、 soft landing“ or“ a touch on the brakes“, makes it sound Like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens

29、 the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel. Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.

30、3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s. It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists whic

31、h The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end o

32、f last year. This is no flash in the pan, over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that

33、both economies, and especially Americas ,have little productive slack. Americas capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemploymentthe rate below which inflation h

34、as taken off in the past. Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and infl

35、ation. （分数：1.00）(1). From the passage we learn that _ .（分数：0.25）A.there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest ratesB.economy will always follow certain modelsC.the economic situation is better than expectedD.economists had foreseen the present economic situation(2).According to t

36、he passage, which of the following is TRUE?（分数：0.25）A.Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car.B.An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.C.A high unemployment rate will result from inflation.D.Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy.(3). The sentence“ This

37、is no flash in the pan“ ( Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that _.（分数：0.25）A.the low inflation rate will last for some timeB.the inflation rate will soon riseC.the inflation will disappear quicklyD.there is no inflation at present(4). The passage shows that the author is _ the present situation.（分数：0.25）A

38、critical ofB.puzzled byC.disappointed atD.amazed atOf all the components of a good night s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams w

39、ere the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise“the random byproducts of the neural - repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind s emotional the

40、rmostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off - line.“ And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It s your dream,“ says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psycho

41、logy at Chicago s Medical Center. “If you don t like it, change it.“ Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleepwhen most vivid dreams occuras it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all

42、 parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain“) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day,“ says Stanford s

43、leep researcher Dr. William Dement. The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings gener

44、ated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don t always think about the emotional significance of the day s eventsuntil, it appears, we begin to dream. And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control ove

45、r recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep. At the end of

46、 the day, there s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,“ Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmar

47、es should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep or rather dreamon it and youll feel better in the morning. （分数：1.00）(1).Researchers have come to believe that dreams（分数：0.20）A.can be modified in their courses.B.are susceptible to

48、 emotional changes.C.reflect our innermost desires and fears.D.are a random outcome of neural repairs(2).By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show（分数：0.20）A.its function in our dreams.B.the mechanism of REM sleep.C.the relation of dreams to emotions.D.its difference from the pref

49、rontal cortex.(3).The negative feelings generated during the day tend to（分数：0.20）A.aggravate in our unconscious mind.B.develop into happy dreams.C.persist till the time we fall asleep.D.show up in dreams early at night.(4).Cartwright seems to suggest that（分数：0.20）A.waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams.B.visualizing b