【考研类试卷】考研英语704及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语 704 及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)There is nothing illogical or synthetic about the humility ( modesty ) of great bookmen in calling attention to the limitations of the book. No book can 1 us to know everything that is to be known, or feel everything that is to be f

2、elt. A book is part of life, not a substitute 2 it. It is not a fit 3 for worship or enshrinement. It loses its charm and much of its value when accepted 4 No one would have been more 5 than Aristotle if he could have known of the excessive and 6 veneration that would be given to his ideas in centur

3、ies to 7 . When his works became the 8 words of advance knowledge, 9 knowledge became neither advanced nor vital. The particular occasion for these remarks is that there are 10 here and there that some of us in the book world may be 11 ourselves too seriously. In the effort to increase book reading

4、some 12 things are being said about books. It is made to 13 that nothing is happening now that has not happened before, and that the only true approach to understanding is 14 books. We do neither service nor justice to books by 15 upon them such omnipotence and omniscience. Many of the answers we ne

5、ed today are not necessarily to be found between 16 There are elements of newness in the present 17 of man that will not readily be 18 of by required reading or ready reference. Books are not slide rules or blueprints for 19 automatic answers. What is needed is a mighty blend of the wisdom of the ag

6、es 20 fresh, razor-edged analytical thought. （分数：1.00）(1).There is nothing illogical or synthetic about the humility ( modesty ) of great bookmen in calling attention to the limitations of the book. No book can 1 us to know everything that is to be known, or feel everything that is to be felt. A boo

7、k is part of life, not a substitute 2 it. It is not a fit 3 for worship or enshrinement. It loses its charm and much of its value when accepted 4 No one would have been more 5 than Aristotle if he could have known of the excessive and 6 veneration that would be given to his ideas in centuries to 7 .

8、 When his works became the 8 words of advance knowledge, 9 knowledge became neither advanced nor vital. The particular occasion for these remarks is that there are 10 here and there that some of us in the book world may be 11 ourselves too seriously. In the effort to increase book reading some 12 th

9、ings are being said about books. It is made to 13 that nothing is happening now that has not happened before, and that the only true approach to understanding is 14 books. We do neither service nor justice to books by 15 upon them such omnipotence and omniscience. Many of the answers we need today a

10、re not necessarily to be found between 16 There are elements of newness in the present 17 of man that will not readily be 18 of by required reading or ready reference. Books are not slide rules or blueprints for 19 automatic answers. What is needed is a mighty blend of the wisdom of the ages 20 fres

11、h, razor-edged analytical thought. （分数：0.05）A.informB.promiseC.enableD.assureA.ofB.forC.toD.withA.disturbedB.disguisedC.intervenedD.interruptedA.dreadfulB.respectfulC.harmfulD.faithfulA.goB.comeC.passD.emergA.bigB.endC.lateD.lastA.suchB.muchC.mostD.thisA.symbolsB.signsC.marksD.trailsA.confiningB.dem

12、andingC.takingD.pushingA.extraordinaryB.exceptionalC.excessiveD.extravagantA.showB.appearC.proveD.indicateA.throughB.withC.amongD.fromA.subjectB.issueC.matterD.mageA.focusB.conferringC.imposingD.installingA.pagesB.coversC.linesD.wordsA.positionB.situationC.statusD.dilemmaA.disposedB.discernedC.disch

13、argedD.dispersedA.polishingB.regulatingC.furnishingD.forwardingA.fromB.withC.overD.forA.unreasonablyB.unprofitablyC.unwillinglyD.uncritically二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.In the essay you should 1)describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2)give your comment on the phenomenon. You shou

14、ld write about 200 words nearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) In the essay you should 1)describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2)give your comment on the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words nearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) * （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)When

15、it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn t biting her nails just yet. But the 47- year-old manicurist isn t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she d like to, either. Most of her clients spend 12 to 50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero

16、 blames the softening economy. “I m a good economic indicator,“ she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they re concerned about saving some dollars.“ So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman

17、 Marcus. “I don t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,“ she says. Even before Alan Greenspan s admission that America s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for

18、 months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year s pace. But don t sound any alarms j

19、ust yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy s long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt- tightening. Consumers say they re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty go

20、od. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there s a new gold rush happening in the 4 million to 10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,“ says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead

21、of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,“ says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rat

22、es. Employers wouldn t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan s hot new Alain Ducasse rest

23、aurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan and 26 of George Bush s predecessors ( including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabe

24、tically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The worlds three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Alle

25、n, Ellison and Albrecht). Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to

26、remember their names. So short -sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because

27、they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly. The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach file Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, ele

28、ction ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them. （分数：1.00）(1). What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?（分数：0.20）A.A kind of overlooked inequality.B

29、A type of conspicuous bias.C.A type of personal prejudice.D.A kind of brand discrimination.(2).What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?（分数：0.20）A.In both East and West, names are essential to success.B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo? Zysman.C.Customers often pay a lot of a

30、ttention to companies names.D.Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.(3).The 4th paragraph suggests that（分数：0.20）A.questions are often put to the more intelligent students.B.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class.C.teachers should pay attention to all of their

31、students.D.students should be seated according to their eyesight.(4).What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ“ ( Line 2, Paragraph 5 ) .?（分数：0.20）A.They are getting impatient.B.They are noisily dozing off.C.They are feeling humiliated.D.They are busy with word puzzles.(5)

32、Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：0.20）A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.B.VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.C.The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.D.Putting things alphabetically may lead

33、 to unintentional bias.The point of the restorationist critique of preservationism is the claim that it rests on an unhealthy dualism that conceives nature and humankind as radically distinct and opposed to each other. Dissatisfaction with dualism has for some time figured prominently in the unhappi

34、ness of environmentalists with mainstream industrial society. However, the writings of the restorationists themselvesparticularly, William Jordan and Frederick Turneroffer little evidence to support this accusation. In their view, preservationists are filled with the same basic mind-set as the indus

35、trial mainstream, the only difference being that the latter ranks humans over nature while the former elevates nature over humans. While it is perhaps puzzling that Jordan and Turner do not see that there is no logic that requires dualism as a philosophical basis for preservation, more puzzling is t

36、he sharpness and ruthlessness of their attack on preservationists, reinforced by the fact that they offer little, if any, criticism of those who have robbed the natural world. The crucial question, however, about the restorationist outlook has to do with the degree to which the restorationist progra

37、m is itself faithful to the first principle of restoration: that nature and humanity are fundamentally united rather than separate. Rejecting the old domination model, which sees humans as over nature, restoration theory supports a model of community participation. Yet some of the descriptions that

38、Jordan and Turner give of what restorationists are actually up to-for example , Turners description of humans as “the lords of creation“, or Jordans statement that “the fate and well being of the biosphere depend ultimately on us and our relationship with it“-are not consistent well with the communi

39、ty-participation model. Another holistic modelnamely, that of nature as an organismmight be more serviceable to the restorationists. As with the community model, the “organic“ model pictures nature as a system of interconnected parts. A fundamental difference, however, is that in an organism the par

40、ts are wholly useful to the life of the organism. If we could think of the biosphere as a single living organism and could identify humans with the brain (or the DNA), or control center, we would have a model that more closely fits the restorationists view. However, to consider humans as the control

41、 center of the living earth is to attribute to them a dominating role in nature. Is this significantly different from the old-fashioned domination model? In both systems humans hold the place of highest authority and power in the world. Also neither view recognizes any limits to the scope and range

42、of reasonable human manipulation in the world. This does not mean that there are no restrictions, only beneficial manipulation should be undertaken. But it does not mean that nothing is off-limits. A further parallel is that, because the fate of the world rests on humans, they must have a clear idea

43、 of what needs to be done. There are also important differences between the two theories. For example, restorationists no longer view the world in the old dominationist way as a passive object. And though both assign to humans a controlling role in the world, dominationists conceive this in terms of

44、 conquest while restorationists conceive it in terms of healing. Also, restorationists insist that the ideas which must serve to guide our work in the world are drawn not solely from a consideration of human needs and purposes but from an understanding of the biosphere; as a result, they are more co

45、nscious than dominationists of our capacity to human nature. （分数：1.00）(1).The author would probably agree that preservationists（分数：0.20）A.are uncritical of grabbers of natural resources.B.base their ideas on an impractical dualism.C.share a mind-set with the industrial mainstream.D.suffer unfounded

46、accusation by restorationists.(2).Which of the following best expresses the function of the first paragraph in relation to the text as a whole?（分数：0.20）A.To establish the parameters of a following debate about mans role in nature.B.To identify problem areas under debate ,which are then explored in d

47、etail.C.To discuss secondary issues prior to an argument about a primary issue.D.To provide historical backgrounds for current issues of public concern.(3).The restorationists and dominationists differ in to all of the following EXCEPT（分数：0.20）A.their conception of the human role in the world.B.thei

48、r outlook on the property of the physical world.C.their views on restrictions of mans manipulation of nature.D.their awareness of the disastrous effect of human activities.(4).In asserting that the organic model might be “more serviceable to the restorationists“, the author implies that（分数：0.20）A.Jo

49、rdans ideas dash with the participation model.B.the organic model goes with the principle of restoration.C.the organic model agrees with the preservationists program.D.holistic models are in conformity with the dualist model.(5).The authors primary criticism of the restorationists is that（分数：0.20）A.they assign humans a controlling role over the natural world.B.they reject the most workable model for human beings.C.their critiq