【考研类试卷】考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷28及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷 28 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_It“s difficult to imagine a world without antibiotics. They cure diseases that

2、 killed our ancestors in crowds, and enable any number of medical procedures and treatments that we now take for granted. Yet in 1945, while accepting a Nobel Prize for【C1】_penicillin, Alexander Fleming【C2】_a future in which antibiotics had been used with【C3】_and bacteria had grown resistant to them

3、. Today, this future is approaching. Speaking to reporters last fall, Tom Frieden, the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,【C4】_a similar alarm: “If we“re not【C5】_, we will soon be in a post-antibiotic era. In fact, for some patients and some bacteria, we are already there.“ T

4、he problem【C6】_overuse. Recent research by doctors at Harvard and Women“s Hospital found that the vast majority of antibiotics【C7】_for sore throats and acute bronchitisan illness almost always caused by a【C8】_, not bacteriaare useless. Up to 80 percent of all antibiotics used in the U.S. each year,【

5、C9】_, are given to animals. Antibiotics are the lifeline of the meat and poultry industries, which have used drugs to domestic animals as a means of【C10】_growth and preventing illnesses caused by overcrowding and poor conditions. An increasing number of bacterial【C11】_have taken the opportunity to e

6、volve【C12】_the reach of antibiotics. The CDC“s 2013 threat report listed 17 antibiotic-resistant microorganisms that directly cause at least 23,000 deaths each year in the U.S.【C13】_Globally, drug-resistant pneumonia is an ever-increasing threat. Reported cases have【C14】_over the past nine years, ki

7、lling an estimated 170,000 people last year. Although anti-bacterial resistance can be slowed, it is【C15】_. As a result, medicine companies have found antibiotics to be less【C16】_investments than drugs for chronic illnesses, which can be used over the long term. If we don“t【C17】_our use of existing

8、antibiotics and commit to developing new ones, the risks are not just medical, but【C18】_. The CDC estimates that, in the United States, antibiotic resistance already costs $20 billion in【C19】_health-care spend and $35 billion in lost productivity【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.dosingB.discoverin

9、gC.providingD.delivering(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.warned ofB.figured outC.referred toD.bothered about(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.consultationB.confidenceC.agreementD.abandon(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.explainedB.soundedC.advisedD.addressed(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.successfulB.optimisticC.carefulD.patient(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.deals wi

10、thB.accounts forC.starts withD.answers to(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.prescribedB.producedC.reportedD.applied(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.coughB.coldC.parasiteD.virus(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.thereforeB.howeverC.meanwhileD.furthermore(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.controllingB.affectingC.acceleratingD.compelling(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.cel

11、lsB.membersC.moleculesD.strains(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.beyondB.withinC.aboveD.below(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.everB.aloneC.frequentlyD.utterly(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.succeededB.correspondedC.emergedD.mushroomed(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.desirableB.alternativeC.essentialD.inevitable(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.worthwhileB.wid

12、espreadC.originalD.ordinary(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.replaceB.advanceC.curbD.delay(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.historicB.economicC.physicalD.chemical(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.excessB.regularC.effectiveD.superior(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.latelyB.respectivelyC.yearlyD.eventuallyHow do you explain economics in plain English?

13、 The Federal Reserve Bank of New York has been answering the question with an even more【C1】_tool: comic books. And it“s been doing that for【C2】_. The New York Fed has published comics about money and finance for【C3】_readers more interested in【C4】_since 1950s, according to Edward Steinberg, a former

14、Fed employee who【C5】_several of the comic books【C6】_online today. In the latest ten years, Steinberg supervised a small team of writers and editors that produced the Fed“s print publications and educational【C7】_years, such as the comic books. Distributed free of charge to teachers, the comics were m

15、ostly【C8】_high school students, whom Steinberg felt weren“t learning enough about the economy and personal finance,【C9】_some of the more advanced titles, such as The Story of Monetary Policy, have been taught in several college classrooms. It“s no【C10】_that the comic books offer highly simplified op

16、inions on the country“s complex financial systems, but they go out of their way to【C11】_dumbing down the content. Most of the booklets are more than 20 pages, and they“re packed with【C12】_and details that could【C13】_a teenager on a first read: The Story of the Federal Reserve System from 1999 starts

17、 off slow by comparing and contrasting the Fed with local neighborhood banks, but it soon【C14】_into specific information about monetary policy, open market operations, government securities, and reserve requirements. With guest【C15】_from Uncle Sam and a walking, talking bank, A Penny Saved offers a

18、crash course in saving before touching【C16】_the advantages and disadvantages of【C17】_in the stock market, real estate, and fine art. But the【C18】_part of the series might be the fact that Steinberg doesn“t even like comics. “【C19】_the work that I did at the Fed, I don“t have an interest in comic boo

19、ks,“ Steinberg says over email. “It was appropriate,【C20】_, that I had a job writing comic books, because everybody can try to earn his living through humor.“（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.impossibleB.indispensableC.unlikelyD.unreliable(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.fortnightsB.decadesC.centuriesD.months(3).【C3】（

20、分数：2.00）A.richerB.lazierC.clevererD.younger(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.jokesB.storiesC.cartoonsD.fantasies(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.authoredB.introducedC.gatheredD.displayed(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.valuableB.availableC.amiableD.profitable(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.materialsB.achievementsC.substancesD.programs(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.a

21、bided byB.linked toC.aimed atD.contented with(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.sinceB.unlessC.henceD.but(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.advantageB.prejudiceC.interestD.surprise(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.favorB.avoidC.delayD.resume(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.documentsB.formulaeC.termsD.items(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.overwhelmB.disgustC.dominat

22、eD.entertain(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.burstsB.divesC.looksD.turns(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.appearancesB.proposalsC.servicesD.registrations(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.upB.downC.atD.on(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.succeedingB.investingC.indulgingD.persisting(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.greatestB.happiestC.funniestD.hardest(19).【C19】（分

23、数：2.00）A.Other thanB.In addition toC.On Account ofD.Prior to(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.soB.whileC.thenD.though考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷 28 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark

24、 A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：It“s difficult to imagine a world without antibiotics. They cure diseases that killed our ancestors in crowds, and enable any number of medical procedures and treatments that we now take for granted. Yet in 1945, while accepting a Nobel Prize for【C1】_penicillin, Alexander

25、 Fleming【C2】_a future in which antibiotics had been used with【C3】_and bacteria had grown resistant to them. Today, this future is approaching. Speaking to reporters last fall, Tom Frieden, the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,【C4】_a similar alarm: “If we“re not【C5】_, we wil

26、l soon be in a post-antibiotic era. In fact, for some patients and some bacteria, we are already there.“ The problem【C6】_overuse. Recent research by doctors at Harvard and Women“s Hospital found that the vast majority of antibiotics【C7】_for sore throats and acute bronchitisan illness almost always c

27、aused by a【C8】_, not bacteriaare useless. Up to 80 percent of all antibiotics used in the U.S. each year,【C9】_, are given to animals. Antibiotics are the lifeline of the meat and poultry industries, which have used drugs to domestic animals as a means of【C10】_growth and preventing illnesses caused b

28、y overcrowding and poor conditions. An increasing number of bacterial【C11】_have taken the opportunity to evolve【C12】_the reach of antibiotics. The CDC“s 2013 threat report listed 17 antibiotic-resistant microorganisms that directly cause at least 23,000 deaths each year in the U.S.【C13】_Globally, dr

29、ug-resistant pneumonia is an ever-increasing threat. Reported cases have【C14】_over the past nine years, killing an estimated 170,000 people last year. Although anti-bacterial resistance can be slowed, it is【C15】_. As a result, medicine companies have found antibiotics to be less【C16】_investments tha

30、n drugs for chronic illnesses, which can be used over the long term. If we don“t【C17】_our use of existing antibiotics and commit to developing new ones, the risks are not just medical, but【C18】_. The CDC estimates that, in the United States, antibiotic resistance already costs $20 billion in【C19】_he

31、alth-care spend and $35 billion in lost productivity【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.dosingB.discovering C.providingD.delivering解析：解析：空格前的介词 for 表示此处为获得诺贝尔奖的原因，空格后提到青霉素，因此应联系Fleming 与青霉素以及诺贝尔奖三者之间的关系。B 项 discovering 意为“发现”，语义符合要求。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.warned of B.figured outC.referred toD.bothered a

32、bout解析：解析：空格后的内容表明了未来会发生的一些情况，包括“细菌对它们(指抗生素)产生了抵抗”，具有危险性。A 项 warned of“发出警告”，表明 Fleming 对未来可能出现的情况做出的警告。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.consultationB.confidenceC.agreementD.abandon 解析：解析：空格是定语从句的一部分，整个从句修饰 future。表明抗生素使用不当未来会出现的情况，并且空格的后半句提到此举会导致细菌产生耐药性。D 项 abandon 搭配 with，意为“尽情地，放任地”，此处指随意使用抗生素。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00

33、）A.explainedB.sounded C.advisedD.addressed解析：解析：上一句讲到未来滥用抗生素的情况已经来临，本句说明，Tom 也认为会进入后抗生素时期，即出现抗生素不再有效的情况，两种观点相类似，因此空格处应是表示发出警告的动词。B 项 sounded 搭配 alarm 意为“发出警告”，为固定搭配。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.successfulB.optimisticC.careful D.patient解析：解析：空格处于 if 引导的条件句中，可知我们会进入后抗生素时期是前面的条件导致的后果。这种情况应该是人类不恰当行为所致。C 项 careful

34、“小心的，谨慎的”符合逻辑要求。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.deals withB.accounts forC.starts with D.answers to解析：解析：上文提到我们已经进入后抗生素时代，下文提到医生的最新研究结果：the vast ma-jority of antibioticsforare useless，这是对空格所在句子的展开和论证。可见 overuse 与problem 两者间是因果关系。C 项 starts with 有“开始于”的意思。可表示原因。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.prescribed B.producedC.reportedD.a

35、pplied解析：解析：空格后分别提到 sore throats 和 acute bronchitis 两种疾病，可知所需动词应能体现疾病和抗生素两者间的逻辑关系。药物是由医生开给病人的。A 项 prescribed“开处方”正确。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.coughB.coldC.parasiteD.virus 解析：解析：此处需填入名词，说明引起急性支气管炎这一 illness 的原因，且与空格后的 bacteria(细菌)一词相对应，同属一类。D 项 virus 意为“病毒”，符合语义要求。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.thereforeB.however C.mea

36、nwhileD.furthermore解析：解析：上文提到抗生素的使用对象是人类，但本句说“美国每年高达 80的抗生素用于动物”。这明显是一个对比。因此，此句应是上文意思的一个转折。故选择 B 项 however“然而”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.controllingB.affectingC.accelerating D.compelling解析：解析：空格和 growth 搭配，并与下文 preventing illnesses 一起说明把抗生素用于饲养家禽的用途。为了实现经济利益，肉禽业不仅需要保证禽畜的健康成长，也会考虑缩短动物生长的时间。C 项accelerating

37、 意为“促进”，这里指美国的肉禽业使用抗生素加快畜禽的生长速度。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.cellsB.membersC.moleculesD.strains 解析：解析：空格位于形容词 bacterial 后，是该句的主语中心词。结合本句谓语可知其可进化(evolve)。下一句对本句作进一步说明，因此主语应和所列举的 17 种“微生物”(microorganisms)同义，含有“种，类”的意思。D 项 strains 可指“族，种”，在生物上指“菌株，变种”，bacterial strains 意为“菌株”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.beyond B.with

38、inC.aboveD.below解析：解析：所需介词修饰 reach“(影响等)所及的范围”。下一句话说到出现了“对抗生素产生抗药性的微生物”，可见细菌进化到抗生素无法杀灭。A 项 beyond 意为“(范围或限度)超出”，正确。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.everB.alone C.frequentlyD.utterly解析：解析：本句说明耐药性徽生物每年在美国所致的死亡人数。空格后的两个句子指明了全球范围内抗药性肺炎所带来的威胁及死亡人数。可见空格所需词在地点范围上和 Globally 相对应。B 项 alone 意为“单独地；独自地”，强调单单在美国这一国家造成的后果，符合

39、语义逻辑。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.succeededB.correspondedC.emergedD.mushroomed 解析：解析：上句中说抗药性肺炎是不断增强的威胁，后半句庞大的死亡人数提示空格处需要一个表示“数量增加”的词。D 项 mushroomed 意为“迅速增长”，符合语义要求。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.desirableB.alternativeC.essentialD.inevitable 解析：解析：前半句说明药物抗药性发展速度，句首的 although 表示让步，意味着虽然细菌抗药的进程可得以放缓。但仍然会出现抗药性的问题。D 项 ine

40、vitable“不可避免的”正确。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.worthwhile B.widespreadC.originalD.ordinary解析：解析：此句说明抗生素抗药性对医药公司经营方面的影响。对于需要盈利的公司而言，投资(investments)应考虑是否具有价值。因为抗生素已具有抗药性，它的治疗效果会差一些，因此投资价值也会比较低。A 项 worthwhile 搭配使用空格前 less，意为“不那么值得投资”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.replaceB.advanceC.curb D.delay解析：解析：从后半句的 risks 来看，空格处所需动

41、词和并列的 commit to一样，都是对抗生素使用所采取的措施。抗生素滥用会带来不好的结果，我们需要谨慎使用。故选 C 项 curb“遏制”。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.historicB.economic C.physicalD.chemical解析：解析：空格前连词 but 提示需填入与 medical 在意义上有对比性的词语。下一句子提到在美国抗生素抗药性所导致的各项经济损失，可见空格处需填入 B 项 economic“经济上的”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.excess B.regularC.effectiveD.superior解析：解析：从经济的角度来

42、看，产生抗药性意味着要花费更多的钱来治疗。所以 A 项 excess“额外的，附加的”正确，指耗费了更多的钱用于保健(health-care)。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.latelyB.respectively C.yearlyD.eventually解析：解析：本句中 costs $20 billion inand $35 billion in说的是抗药性在两方面造成的经济损失。health-care spend 与 lost productivity 是不同的两方面，所造成的经济损失也不相同，因此 B项 respectively“分别地”满足语境需要。How do you

43、explain economics in plain English? The Federal Reserve Bank of New York has been answering the question with an even more【C1】_tool: comic books. And it“s been doing that for【C2】_. The New York Fed has published comics about money and finance for【C3】_readers more interested in【C4】_since 1950s, accor

44、ding to Edward Steinberg, a former Fed employee who【C5】_several of the comic books【C6】_online today. In the latest ten years, Steinberg supervised a small team of writers and editors that produced the Fed“s print publications and educational【C7】_years, such as the comic books. Distributed free of ch

45、arge to teachers, the comics were mostly【C8】_high school students, whom Steinberg felt weren“t learning enough about the economy and personal finance,【C9】_some of the more advanced titles, such as The Story of Monetary Policy, have been taught in several college classrooms. It“s no【C10】_that the com

46、ic books offer highly simplified opinions on the country“s complex financial systems, but they go out of their way to【C11】_dumbing down the content. Most of the booklets are more than 20 pages, and they“re packed with【C12】_and details that could【C13】_a teenager on a first read: The Story of the Fede

47、ral Reserve System from 1999 starts off slow by comparing and contrasting the Fed with local neighborhood banks, but it soon【C14】_into specific information about monetary policy, open market operations, government securities, and reserve requirements. With guest【C15】_from Uncle Sam and a walking, talking bank, A Penny Saved offers a crash course in saving before touching【C16】_the advantages and disadvantages of【C17】_in the stock market, real estate, and fine art. But the【C18】_part of the series might be the fact that Steinberg doesn“t even like comics. “【C19】_the work that I did at th