【考研类试卷】考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷90及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷 90 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Any American who has bought a pack of cigarettes since the mid-“60s might have

2、 seen the health warnings. It says, “SURGEON GENERAL“S WARNING: Smoking Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, And May Complicate Pregnancy.“ Such government warnings work,【C1】_ research has shown that smokers in countries with strong warnings know more about smoking【C2】_than those in countries where wa

3、rnings are weaker. But it“s unclear whether smokers who see any warning【C3】_smoke less. Public-health advocates have known for years that individualized messages are far more【C4】_at getting smokers to stop. For instance,【C5】_a doctor reminds a patient that her sister has promised to help her【C6】_, t

4、hat patient will be much more likely to stop smoking than someone who just sees a(n)【C7】_message on a cigarette pack. A recent study shows that tailored antismoking messages engage brain regions involved in how people see themselves. Those regions are associated with emotion【C8】_basic human awarenes

5、s and, possibly, awareness of others“【C9】_of us. The authors of the study, a University of Michigan team led by psychologist Hannah Faye Chua,【C10】_91 smokers who wanted to quit. The participants, who smoked an average of 17 cigarettes per day,【C11】_medical imaging scans for one hour while different

6、 messages appeared on a screen. Some messages were tailored to their【C12】_histories (for example, “A concern you have is being tempted to smoke when【C13】_other smokers“). Some messages were general anti-smoking【C14】_. The researchers found that the tailored messages【C15】_the two brain regions signif

7、icantly more than the non-tailored and【C16】_messages. In other words, reading a short sentence changed their brain activity【C17】_those who showed stronger activity in those regions were more likely to quit smoking. The reason this paper is important is that it【C18】_a growing body of research showing

8、 that what is often mocked as “talk therapy“ can produce real changes in brain【C19】_. If you really want to quit smoking, you should commit to a(n)【C20】_behavioral-therapy program. It will not only help you stop; it could change how your brain works.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.in factB.of courseC.s

9、ort ofD.by chance(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.diseasesB.risksC.dangersD.disorders(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.incrediblyB.inevitablyC.barelyD.actually(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.prospectiveB.effectiveC.subjectiveD.negative(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.ifB.althoughC.beforeD.until(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.retrieveB.depriveC.abandonD.quit(7).【C7】（分

10、数：2.00）A.generalB.definiteC.clearD.obscure(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.regulationB.reliefC.diversionD.generation(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.biasesB.observationsC.attentionsD.perceptions(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.collectedB.recruitedC.calledD.assembled(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.underwentB.experiencedC.undertookD.encountered(12).【C

11、12】（分数：2.00）A.brilliantB.vulgarC.personalD.honorable(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.withoutB.betweenC.aroundD.upon(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.appealsB.advertisementsC.informationD.commercials(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.elevatedB.activatedC.motivatedD.alleviated(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.neutralB.dreadfulC.controversialD.scary(17)

12、.【C17】（分数：2.00）A.andB.orC.ifD.however(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.contributes toB.results inC.attributes toD.benefits from(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.workB.efficiencyC.systemD.function(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.drasticB.rigorousC.ambiguousD.subtleThe U.S. system of higher education is widely considered the world“s best.

13、 A college education【C1】_substantial benefitsabout $20,000 per year【C2】_extra earnings over the course of a lifetime.【C3】_. according to a recent survey, 57 percent of Americans think higher education is not a good value,【C4】_they know how much it boosts earning power. And with the cost of many stat

14、e universities【C5】_. the perceptions that college is too expensive for most people are【C6】_. Clearly, higher education officials must think harder about affordabilityincluding not only more scholarship money but also lower costs and higher【C7】_One promising idea is the three-year degree which enable

15、s students to spend【C8】_. And they would have an extra year of work to pay the costs of education. There are many【C9】_approaches to the three-year degree: Schools can make it easier for students to【C10】_college credit earned in high school; they can fashion programs that【C11】_nearly four years of cr

16、edits into three years, making use of summer and online learning; they can consider a more focused and streamlined curriculum. What all such【C12】_assume is that universities and colleges could make more intensive use of resources that often lie idle for much of the year under the【C13】_pattern. But u

17、p to now, only a handful of schools offered three-year degree【C14】_. Colleges and universities prefer to【C15】_the four-year model because of powerful economic incentives. Most won“t offer a three-year option【C16】_those incentives change. That may be starting to happen: The recent budget proposal by

18、Ohio Governor John Kasich requires the state“s public univer sities to prepare【C17】_to offer three-year undergraduate degrees. It probably will take successful innovation by one or more large state systems to【C18】_change nationwide. Perhaps federal aid to universities or the schools“ participation i

19、n the student loan program could be partly conditioned on offering a three-year degree option. Today“s students have the ability to acquire and【C19】_knowledge faster than any previous generation,【C20】_technology. Higher education needs to catch up.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.appealsB.guaranteesC.be

20、arsD.confers(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.inB.aboutC.beyondD.above(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.AlsoB.YetC.ThusD.If(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.now thatB.in caseC.even thoughD.as if(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.strengtheningB.rocketingC.enlargingD.amplifying(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.unacceptableB.unreasonableC.understandableD.unforgettable(7).【C7】（

21、分数：2.00）A.efficiencyB.abilityC.degreeD.intelligence(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.muchB.lessC.fewerD.faster(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.reasonableB.potentialC.unexpectedD.traditional(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.winB.depositC.useD.apply(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.inputB.divideC.packD.fall(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.behaviorsB.proceduresC.stage

22、sD.ideas(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.existingB.reliableC.futureD.advanced(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.designsB.programsC.plotsD.outlines(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.insist withB.begin withC.stick withD.compare with(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.ifB.sinceC.afterD.until(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.theoriesB.plansC.proposalsD.courses(18).【C18】

23、（分数：2.00）A.burstB.eruptC.spurD.stir(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.distributeB.gainC.studyD.require(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.according toB.compared withC.together withD.thanks to考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷 90 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text

24、. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Any American who has bought a pack of cigarettes since the mid-“60s might have seen the health warnings. It says, “SURGEON GENERAL“S WARNING: Smoking Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, And May Complicate Pregnancy.

25、“ Such government warnings work,【C1】_ research has shown that smokers in countries with strong warnings know more about smoking【C2】_than those in countries where warnings are weaker. But it“s unclear whether smokers who see any warning【C3】_smoke less. Public-health advocates have known for years tha

26、t individualized messages are far more【C4】_at getting smokers to stop. For instance,【C5】_a doctor reminds a patient that her sister has promised to help her【C6】_, that patient will be much more likely to stop smoking than someone who just sees a(n)【C7】_message on a cigarette pack. A recent study sho

27、ws that tailored antismoking messages engage brain regions involved in how people see themselves. Those regions are associated with emotion【C8】_basic human awareness and, possibly, awareness of others“【C9】_of us. The authors of the study, a University of Michigan team led by psychologist Hannah Faye

28、 Chua,【C10】_91 smokers who wanted to quit. The participants, who smoked an average of 17 cigarettes per day,【C11】_medical imaging scans for one hour while different messages appeared on a screen. Some messages were tailored to their【C12】_histories (for example, “A concern you have is being tempted t

29、o smoke when【C13】_other smokers“). Some messages were general anti-smoking【C14】_. The researchers found that the tailored messages【C15】_the two brain regions significantly more than the non-tailored and【C16】_messages. In other words, reading a short sentence changed their brain activity【C17】_those w

30、ho showed stronger activity in those regions were more likely to quit smoking. The reason this paper is important is that it【C18】_a growing body of research showing that what is often mocked as “talk therapy“ can produce real changes in brain【C19】_. If you really want to quit smoking, you should com

31、mit to a(n)【C20】_behavioral-therapy program. It will not only help you stop; it could change how your brain works.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.in factB.of courseC.sort of D.by chance解析：解析：本句提到，有强烈健康警示的国家的烟民比警示弱的国家的烟民对吸烟的认识得更多，说明这个警示是有作用的。但下文提到，But it“s unclear，说明并不确定警示所起的作用有多大。因此选 C 项 sort of“有几分地”。

32、(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.diseasesB.risks C.dangersD.disorders解析：解析：上文提到，香烟盒上警示：吸烟会导致肺癌、心脏病，并且可能引发妊娠并发症。肺癌、心脏病等都属于吸烟带来的锵、风险，故选 B 项 risks“风险”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.incrediblyB.inevitablyC.barelyD.actually 解析：解析：上文指出看到强烈警示的人对吸烟的认识更多，本句的 but 表示转折，说明知道吸烟有害是一回事，实际上会不会减少吸烟又是另一回事了。故选 D 项 actually“实际上”强调真实的情况是怎么样的。(4

33、).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.prospectiveB.effective C.subjectiveD.negative解析：解析：下文的例子说到，医生提醒病人，她姐姐承诺过要帮助她，病人就更可能戒烟，即个性化的信息更有用。故答案为 B 项 effective“有效的”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.if B.althoughC.beforeD.until解析：解析：句子的主句提到“这个病人戒烟的可能性要大得多”，从句是“医生提醒病人她姐姐承诺过要帮助她”。根据主句的一般将来时态，可知从句是现实条件句，表示假设，故 A 项 if“如果”为正确答案。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）

34、A.retrieveB.depriveC.abandonD.quit 解析：解析：姐姐承诺帮她做某事，她就可能更快地戒烟，可见空格处填入的词，意思与下文的stopsmoking 同义。表示停止抽烟的另一种表达是 quit，故答案为 D 项“停止”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.general B.definiteC.clearD.obscure解析：解析：上文提到 individualized(个性化的)信息更有用，姐姐答应帮助戒烟也是个人特色的信息可知此处说的戒烟可能性更低的人看到的信息应该是非个性化的一般信息。故选 A 项 general“一般性的”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.0

35、0）A.regulation B.reliefC.diversionD.generation解析：解析：此处讨论的是脑区的功能，填入的词必须要能够与 emotion 搭配。大脑具有调节情绪的功能，故选 A 项 regulation“调节，控制”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.biasesB.observationsC.attentionsD.perceptions 解析：解析：根据上文 how people see themselves(人们如何看待自己)，可推知此处的意思是“其他人如何看待自己”。故选择 D 项 perceptions“看法，认识”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.0

36、0）A.collectedB.recruited C.calledD.assembled解析：解析：这句话说的是一位心理学家找了 91 个想要戒烟的吸烟者。也就是说，这些研究对象是经过一定筛选的，故选择 B 项 recruited“招募”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.underwent B.experiencedC.undertookD.encountered解析：解析：从下文可知，这些参与者在被医学成像扫描的同时观看在屏幕上出现的不同信息。四个选项中。A 项 underwent“经历”与“医学成像扫描”搭配合适。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.brilliantB.v

37、ulgarC.personal D.honorable解析：解析：空格前的 tailed 一词表明这些信息是量身定制的；括号里的 A concern you have(你的一个担忧)表明这与个人经历有关。故选择 C 项 personal“个人的”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.withoutB.betweenC.around D.upon解析：解析：根据空格前的 being tempted to smoke(受到诱惑而吸烟)，和空格后的 other smok-ers(其他吸烟者)，可以推测这个人担忧的是与其他吸烟者一起的时候会受到诱惑而吸烟。故选 C 项among“与在一起”。(1

38、4).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.appeals B.advertisementsC.informationD.commercials解析：解析：这里提到有的信息是定制的有关个人经历的信息，还有一些是普通的禁烟信息，即对禁烟的呼吁。故选择 A 项 appeals“呼吁”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.elevatedB.activated C.motivatedD.alleviated解析：解析：由下句的 In other words 可知其后的内容是对本句的解释，因此所填入动词应和changedtheir brain activity 同义。故答案为 B 项 activate

39、d“激活”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.neutral B.dreadfulC.controversialD.scary解析：解析：此处应填入的词在意思上应与 non-tailored 并列，只有 A 项 neutral“中立的，不明确的”符合语义。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.and B.orC.ifD.however解析：解析：从空格前的破折号可知此处为进一步说明，故 A 项 and“而且”符合题意，表示递进。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.contributes to B.results inC.attributes toD.benefits from

40、解析：解析：本句说的是，这篇论文很重要是因为它对日益增加的某个研究有影响，而且这个影响应该是积极的影响，因为该研究与治疗方法有关。故选择 A 项 contributes to“为做出贡献”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.workB.efficiencyC.systemD.function 解析：解析：这句话与文章的最后一句 it could change how your brain works 相照应。大脑运作的方式也就是大脑的功能，故选 D 项 function“功能”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.drasticB.rigorous C.ambiguousD.su

41、btle解析：解析：从下文的行为治疗计划可帮助戒烟，可知这是行之有效的方法，因此必定经过周密安排。故B 项 rigorous“缜密的，细致的”为正确答案。The U.S. system of higher education is widely considered the world“s best. A college education【C1】_substantial benefitsabout $20,000 per year【C2】_extra earnings over the course of a lifetime.【C3】_. according to a recent sur

42、vey, 57 percent of Americans think higher education is not a good value,【C4】_they know how much it boosts earning power. And with the cost of many state universities【C5】_. the perceptions that college is too expensive for most people are【C6】_. Clearly, higher education officials must think harder ab

43、out affordabilityincluding not only more scholarship money but also lower costs and higher【C7】_One promising idea is the three-year degree which enables students to spend【C8】_. And they would have an extra year of work to pay the costs of education. There are many【C9】_approaches to the three-year de

44、gree: Schools can make it easier for students to【C10】_college credit earned in high school; they can fashion programs that【C11】_nearly four years of credits into three years, making use of summer and online learning; they can consider a more focused and streamlined curriculum. What all such【C12】_ass

45、ume is that universities and colleges could make more intensive use of resources that often lie idle for much of the year under the【C13】_pattern. But up to now, only a handful of schools offered three-year degree【C14】_. Colleges and universities prefer to【C15】_the four-year model because of powerful

46、 economic incentives. Most won“t offer a three-year option【C16】_those incentives change. That may be starting to happen: The recent budget proposal by Ohio Governor John Kasich requires the state“s public univer sities to prepare【C17】_to offer three-year undergraduate degrees. It probably will take

47、successful innovation by one or more large state systems to【C18】_change nationwide. Perhaps federal aid to universities or the schools“ participation in the student loan program could be partly conditioned on offering a three-year degree option. Today“s students have the ability to acquire and【C19】_knowledge faster than any previous generation,【C20】_technology. Higher education needs to catch up.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.appealsB.guaranteesC.bearsD.confers 解析：解析：根据破折号后的说明“大约每年多挣 2 万美元的收入”，可推出大学教育可带来丰厚的利益。故选 D 项 confers“授予，给予(学位、头衔、恩惠)”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.in B.aboutC.beyon