【考研类试卷】考研英语阅读理解-(二)及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语阅读理解-(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：100.00)At the Museum of Sex in New York City, artificial-intelligence researcher David Levy projected a mock image on a screen of a smiling bride in a wedding dress holding hands with a short robot groom. “Why not marry a robot? Look a

2、t this happy couple,“ he said to a laughing crowd.When Levy was then asked whether anyone who would want to marry a robot was deceived, his face grew serious. “If the alternative is that you are lonely and sad and miserable, is it not better to find a robot that claims to love you and acts like it l

3、oves you?“ Levy responded. “Does it really matter, if youre a happier person?“ In his 2007 book, Love and Sex with Robots, Levy contends that sex, love and even marriage between humans and robots are coming soon and, perhaps, are even desirable. “I know some people think the idea is totally peculiar

4、,“ he says. “But I am totally convinced its inevitable.“The 62-year-old London native has not reached this conclusion on a whim. Levys academic love affair with computing began in his last year of university, during the vacuum-tube era. That is when he broadened his horizons beyond his passion for c

5、hess. “Back then people wrote chess programs to simulate human thought processes,“ he recalls. He later became engrossed in writing programs to carry on intelligent conversations with people, and then he explored the way humans interact with computers, a topic for which he earned his doctorate last

6、year from the University of Maastricht in the Netherlands.Over the decades, Levy notes, interactions between humans and robots have become increasingly personal. Whereas robots initially found work, say, building cars in a factory, they have now moved into the home in the form of Roomba the robotic

7、vacuum cleaner and digital pets such as Tamagotchis and the Sony Aibo.Science-fiction fans have witnessed plenty of action between humans and characters portraying artificial life-forms, such as with Data from the Star Trek franchise or the Cylons from the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica. And Levy

8、is betting that a lot of people will fall in love with such devices. Programmers can tailor the machines to match a persons interests or render them some what disagreeable to create a desirable level of friction in a relationship. “Its not that people will fall in love with an algorithm but that peo

9、ple will fall in love with a convincing simulation of a human being, and convincing simulations can have a remarkable effect on people,“ he says.（分数：25.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the snapshot at the Museum of Sex serves to A. introduce the topic. B. provide a background. C. explain a phenomeno

10、n. D. summarize the main idea.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(2).David Levy would most probably agree that A. the idea of a human marrying a robot is totally crazy. B. deception might result in a human marrying a robot. C. robots can be created capable of loving just as hmnans do. D. it is not impossible for a hu

11、man to marry a robot.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The phrase “on a whim“ (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means A. in haste. B. all of a sudden. C. on his own. D. out of the blue.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Roomba, Tamagotchis, and the Sony Aibo are mentioned to show that A. the development of robots is really

12、fascinating. B. robots have made their contributions to housework. C. robots have been transferred from factories to homes. D. humans have developed a more personal relationship with robots.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In Levys view, why should the robots be made somewhat disagreeable? A. To match the inter

13、ests of human beings. B. To make them as sentimental as human beings. C. To vividly imitate a relationship. D. To improve the accuracy of their performances.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.As college seniors hurtle into the job hunt, little lies on the resume-for example, claiming a degree when theyre three credit

14、s shy of graduation-seem harmless enough. So new grads ought to read this memo now: those 20-year-old falsehoods on cream-colored, 32-1b. premium paper have ruined so many highprofile executives that you wonder who in the business world hasnt got the message. A resume listing two fabricated degrees

15、led to the resignation of David Edmondson, CEO of RadioShack, in February. Untruthful resume have also hindered the careers of executives at the U.S. Olympic Committee.The headlines havent dented job seekers desire to dissemble even as employers have grown increasingly able to detect deception. Info

16、Link Screening Services, a background-checking company, estimates that 14% of job applicants in the U.S. lie about their education on their resumes.Employees who lie to get in the door can cause untold damage on a business, experts say, from staining the reputation and credibility of a firm to upend

17、ing co-workers and projects to igniting shareholder wrath-and thats if the lie is found out. Even when it isnt, the falsified resume can indicate a deeply rooted inclination toward unethical behavior.“Theres a lot of evidence that those who cheat on job applications also cheat in school and in life,

18、“ says Richard Grfffith, director of the industrial and organizational psychology program at the Florida Institute of Technology. “If someone says they have a degree and they dont, Id have little faith that person would tell the truth when it came to financial statements and so on.“Employers fears h

19、ave sparked a boom in the background-screening industry. But guarding the henhouse does little good if the fox is already nestled inside. To unmask the deceivers among them, some employers are conducting checks upon promotion. Verified Person markets its ability to provide ongoing employee screening

20、 through automated criminal checks. With this increased alertness comes a thorny new dilemma: figuring out whether every lie is really a fireable offense. Many bosses feel that a workers track record on the job speaks more strongly than a stretched resume, says John Challenger of the outplacement fi

21、rm Challenger, Gray a second offence will put them out of business. Even the governor admits the bill is too broadly drawn and will be hard to enforce. She signed it, she explained, because the federal government has shown itself to be incapable of dealing with illegal immigration.One in ten workers

22、 in Arizona is illegal, according to the Pew Hispanic Centre. So the law, if rigorously enforced, could disrupt the states economy, which suggests it will not be. One landscape gardener in Scottsdale who worked illegally for three decades and now pays illegal workers 7 an hour thinks the measure is

23、ridiculous. “Who else is going to pick lettuces and trim trees in this heat?“ he asks, pointing to the sun on a 47 day. He has no plans to change his ways, and says he will simply move if he is caught.Laws such as Arizonas will make life more unpleasant and unprecedented for illegal workers. But the

24、y will not curtail either illegal immigration or illegal working as much as supporters claim. In any case, the border has been so porous for so long that people now have plenty of reasons to steal across it other than work. Of five aspiring immigrants who spoke to the correspondent in Smugglers Gulc

25、h earlier this week, three were trying to join their families.（分数：25.00）(1).We can learn from the opening paragraph that A. people are misled by the name Smugglers Gulch. B. Smugglers Gulch is the toughest entrance to steal into USA. C. Rafael will continue his risky attempt to jump the fence. D. Sm

26、ugglers Gulch is secured by advanced tracking tools.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The bill abandoned by the Senate last week implies that A. the cost to tackle illegal immigration has overrun budget. B. political intrigues can deal with illegal immigration effectively. C. the Senate once considered granting

27、illegal immigrants more visas. D. cities and states are pushed to put immigration laws into force.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The governor of Arizona believes that A. the newly-signed bill is more likely to become an empty talk. B. deprivation of employment helps to drive illegal immigrants away. C. the bi

28、ggest difficulty of the bill lies in rigorous implementation. D. discussion should be held to make the broadly-drawn bill practical.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In Paragraph 4, the landscape gardener in Scottsdale is mentioned to A. display the ill-effect the bill has caused to Arizonas economy. B. demonstr

29、ate illegal immigrants contribution to local society. C. express illegal immigrants desperation about the measures to be taken. D. reveal the bills inhumanity to those self-made illegal immigrants.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In the authors opinion, the illegal immigration issue in America A. calls for more

30、 forceful laws on illicit working. B. derives from a long history and various reasons. C. stems mainly from peoples longing for family reunion. D. brings illegal workers an unpleasant and unpredictable life.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.考研英语阅读理解-(二)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：100.00)At th

31、e Museum of Sex in New York City, artificial-intelligence researcher David Levy projected a mock image on a screen of a smiling bride in a wedding dress holding hands with a short robot groom. “Why not marry a robot? Look at this happy couple,“ he said to a laughing crowd.When Levy was then asked wh

32、ether anyone who would want to marry a robot was deceived, his face grew serious. “If the alternative is that you are lonely and sad and miserable, is it not better to find a robot that claims to love you and acts like it loves you?“ Levy responded. “Does it really matter, if youre a happier person?

33、“ In his 2007 book, Love and Sex with Robots, Levy contends that sex, love and even marriage between humans and robots are coming soon and, perhaps, are even desirable. “I know some people think the idea is totally peculiar,“ he says. “But I am totally convinced its inevitable.“The 62-year-old Londo

34、n native has not reached this conclusion on a whim. Levys academic love affair with computing began in his last year of university, during the vacuum-tube era. That is when he broadened his horizons beyond his passion for chess. “Back then people wrote chess programs to simulate human thought proces

35、ses,“ he recalls. He later became engrossed in writing programs to carry on intelligent conversations with people, and then he explored the way humans interact with computers, a topic for which he earned his doctorate last year from the University of Maastricht in the Netherlands.Over the decades, L

36、evy notes, interactions between humans and robots have become increasingly personal. Whereas robots initially found work, say, building cars in a factory, they have now moved into the home in the form of Roomba the robotic vacuum cleaner and digital pets such as Tamagotchis and the Sony Aibo.Science

37、-fiction fans have witnessed plenty of action between humans and characters portraying artificial life-forms, such as with Data from the Star Trek franchise or the Cylons from the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica. And Levy is betting that a lot of people will fall in love with such devices. Programm

38、ers can tailor the machines to match a persons interests or render them some what disagreeable to create a desirable level of friction in a relationship. “Its not that people will fall in love with an algorithm but that people will fall in love with a convincing simulation of a human being, and conv

39、incing simulations can have a remarkable effect on people,“ he says.（分数：25.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the snapshot at the Museum of Sex serves to A. introduce the topic. B. provide a background. C. explain a phenomenon. D. summarize the main idea.（分数：5.00）A. B.C.D.解析：(2).David Levy would most

40、probably agree that A. the idea of a human marrying a robot is totally crazy. B. deception might result in a human marrying a robot. C. robots can be created capable of loving just as hmnans do. D. it is not impossible for a human to marry a robot.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：(3).The phrase “on a whim“ (Lin

41、e 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means A. in haste. B. all of a sudden. C. on his own. D. out of the blue.（分数：5.00）A.B. C.D.解析：(4).Roomba, Tamagotchis, and the Sony Aibo are mentioned to show that A. the development of robots is really fascinating. B. robots have made their contributions to housework

42、. C. robots have been transferred from factories to homes. D. humans have developed a more personal relationship with robots.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：(5).In Levys view, why should the robots be made somewhat disagreeable? A. To match the interests of human beings. B. To make them as sentimental as human

43、 beings. C. To vividly imitate a relationship. D. To improve the accuracy of their performances.（分数：5.00）A.B.C. D.解析：As college seniors hurtle into the job hunt, little lies on the resume-for example, claiming a degree when theyre three credits shy of graduation-seem harmless enough. So new grads ou

44、ght to read this memo now: those 20-year-old falsehoods on cream-colored, 32-1b. premium paper have ruined so many highprofile executives that you wonder who in the business world hasnt got the message. A resume listing two fabricated degrees led to the resignation of David Edmondson, CEO of RadioSh

45、ack, in February. Untruthful resume have also hindered the careers of executives at the U.S. Olympic Committee.The headlines havent dented job seekers desire to dissemble even as employers have grown increasingly able to detect deception. InfoLink Screening Services, a background-checking company, e

46、stimates that 14% of job applicants in the U.S. lie about their education on their resumes.Employees who lie to get in the door can cause untold damage on a business, experts say, from staining the reputation and credibility of a firm to upending co-workers and projects to igniting shareholder wrath

47、-and thats if the lie is found out. Even when it isnt, the falsified resume can indicate a deeply rooted inclination toward unethical behavior.“Theres a lot of evidence that those who cheat on job applications also cheat in school and in life,“ says Richard Grfffith, director of the industrial and o

48、rganizational psychology program at the Florida Institute of Technology. “If someone says they have a degree and they dont, Id have little faith that person would tell the truth when it came to financial statements and so on.“Employers fears have sparked a boom in the background-screening industry.

49、But guarding the henhouse does little good if the fox is already nestled inside. To unmask the deceivers among them, some employers are conducting checks upon promotion. Verified Person markets its ability to provide ongoing employee screening through automated criminal checks. With this increased alertness comes a thorny new dilemma: figuring out whether every lie is really a fireable offense. Many bosses feel t