【考研类试卷】考研英语（二）模拟试卷155及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 155 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Retrofitting houses to use less energy should be a no-brainer for homeowners.【C1】

2、_time, money spent on ways to reduce heat loss from draughty houses should produce a【C2】_return in lower fuel bills. In practice, many are cautious. Some improvements, such as solid-wall insulation and solar panels, can take over 25 years to【C3】_their initial cost. Few owners are willing to wait tha

3、t long; by then many are likely to have【C4】_and moved on. Several governments have started finance schemes designed to【C5】_this problem. Since 2008 PACE programmes have offered American homeowners loans to【C6】_improvements, repaid through higher local taxes on the property,【C7】_it belongs to. In Bri

4、tain, the Green Deal offers loans over a 25-year period, with repayments added to energy bills. Countries including France and Canada have similar【C8】_. In theory, these schemes should boost investment in common energy-saving measures, such as extra insulation and new boilers,【C9】_the first owner do

5、es not have to pay all the costs in advance. But enrolment rates have【C10】_, according to Sean Kidney at the Climate Bonds Initiative, a think-tank. In Britain, just 1% of those assessed for the Green Deal have signed up. In Berkeley, California , home of the first PACE scheme, the【C11】_rate is simi

6、larly low. Homeowners are【C12】_chiefly because the interest rates on the loans look high. The Green Deal charges 7%; some PACE schemes a hefty 8%. As these rates are fixed for decades, they will【C13】_look unattractive when (as now) short-term interest rates are low. Many people also【C14】_they will s

7、ave enough on their energy bills to cover the repayments. For instance,【C15】_in Britain that installing loft insulation can cut energy bills by 20% have been dented by a government study that found it【C16】_gas consumption by only 1.7% on average. Others fear that green loans may reduce the value of

8、their home. In America, firms that underwrite mortgages are【C17】_PACE loans. Green loans have not been a failure everywhere. Around 250,000 households in Germany【C18】_for them each year. They do so【C19】_they need pay only 1% interest on them each year, thanks to an annual public subsidy of 1.5 billi

9、on. Whether that is a (an)【C20】_use of taxpayers money is another question.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.OnB.InC.OverD.At(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.handsomeB.delicateC.splendidD.trivial(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.estimateB.spendC.evaluateD.cover(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.taken offB.sold upC.turned aroundD.shut down(5).【C5】（分

10、数：2.00）A.raiseB.arouseC.dealD.address(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.financeB.makeC.supportD.expend(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.whateverB.wheneverC.whoeverD.however(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.problemsB.initiativesC.situationsD.circumstances(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.whileB.thoughC.whenD.as(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.appointedB.worriedC.disappoin

11、tedD.surprised(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.take-upB.send-offC.make-upD.turn-off(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.unhappyB.unimpressedC.unsurprisedD.unsustainable(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.indefinitelyB.extremelyC.inevitablyD.remarkably(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.contendB.doubtC.concludeD.debate(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.proofsB.reasonsC.t

12、hesesD.claims(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.reducedB.producedC.increasedD.declined(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.favorable toB.interested inC.hostile toD.conscious of(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.arm withB.sign upC.write outD.call on(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.henceC.althoughD.even(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.proficientB.sufficientC.

13、deficientD.efficient二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._What has been described as the largest ever ransomware attacka cyber criminal scheme that lo

14、cks up computer files until victims pay a ransomholds the paradoxical distinction of being both an outrageous success (in terms of its blast radius) as well as an abject failure (in terms of its haul). The malicious software spread so far and wide, jammed up so many IT networks and generated so much

15、 panic and chaos that the wrongdoers effectively undid themselves. On May 12, the world awoke to the beginnings of hundreds of thousands of old Microsoft Windows based computers seizing up as they subjected to a malicious software, appropriately called WannaCry. Within hours, the digital epidemic ci

16、rcled the globe like the Spanish flu, infecting machines running outdated operating systems in some 150 countries, spreading across numerous homes and corporate networks. The attack, which relied on powerful tools believed to have been developed by the NSA and leaked online in April by a group of ha

17、ckers known as the Shadow Brokers, wormed its way through businesses, hospitals and governments, all of which found themselves suddenly locked out of their own systems. Researchers detected the wave quickly, and it wasnt long before they picked up on the criminals self-defeating mistakes. The attack

18、ers failed to assign each victim a separate Bitcoin wallet , researchers noted, a critical error that meant they would not be able to easily track ransom payments. They neglected to automate the money collection in a way that would scale. And then there was the matter of the kill switch. No one is q

19、uite certain why the attackers coded a self-destruct button into their software, yet thats precisely what they did. Marcus Hutchins, a 22-year-old security researcher based in England who goes by MalwareTech, stumbled on the power plug largely by accident. After taking lunch on that Friday afternoon

20、, he inspected the malware and noticed a specific web address encoded within. Curious, he registered the domain for less than $ 11. This simple act stopped the malware, killing the virus ability to spread and buying time for organizations to upgrade their software and deploy protections.（分数：10.00）(1

21、).The ransomware attack has been considered a victory because it_.（分数：2.00）A.cancels a number of computer filesB.successfully blackmails many usersC.affects numerous users worldwideD.causes panic and chaos at local(2).According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true about WannaCry?（分数：2.00）A

22、.It spread only through domestic networks.B.It was a software developed by the NSA.C.It infected computers in few countries.D.It was deliberately created by some hackers.(3).Researchers held that the attack was_.（分数：2.00）A.criticalB.flawlessC.defectiveD.invulnerable(4).Marcus Hutchins prevented the

23、malware from spreading by_.（分数：2.00）A.pushing the self-destruct button in the softwareB.purchasing its domain name accidentallyC.pulling the power plug found by chanceD.finding its web address intentionally(5).The most suitable title for the text is_.（分数：2.00）A.An Unsuccessful Malware AttackB.Cyber

24、Crime: Hard to PreventC.A Widespread Computer VirusD.WannaCry: New Malicious SoftwareIn a former leather factory just off Euston Road in London, a hopeful firm is starting up. BenevolentAIs main room is large and open-plan. In it, scientists and coders sit busily on benches, plying their various tra

25、des . The firms star, though, has a private, temperature-controlled office. That star is a powerful computer that runs the software which sits at the heart of BenevolentAIs business. This software is an artificial-intelligence system. AI, as it is known for short, comes in several forms. But Benevol

26、entAIs version of it is a form of machine learning that can draw inferences about what it has learned. In particular, it can process natural language and formulate new ideas from what it reads. Its job is to sift through vast chemical libraries, medical databases and conventionally presented scienti

27、fic papers, looking for potential drug molecules. Nor is BenevolentAI a one-off. More and more people and firms believe that AI is well placed to help unpick biology and advance human health. Indeed, as Chris Bishop of Microsoft Research, in Cambridge, England, observes, one way of thinking about li

28、ving organisms is to recognize that they are, in essence, complex systems which process information using a combination of hardware and software. That thought has consequences. Whether it is the new Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI) , from the founder of Facebook and his wife, or the biological subsi

29、diaries being set up by firms such as Alphabet (Googles parent company), IBM and Microsoft, the new Big Idea in Silicon Valley is that in the worlds of biology and disease there are problems its software engineers can solve. The discovery of new drugs is an early test of the belief that AI has much

30、to offer biology and medicine. Pharmaceutical companies are finding it increasingly difficult to make headway in their search for novel products. The conventional approach is to screen large numbers of molecules for signs of relative biological effect, and then weed out the useless partin a series o

31、f more and more expensive tests and trials, in the hope of coming up with a golden nugget at the end. This way of doing things is, however, declining in productivity and rising in cost.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “plying their various trades“ (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.running th

32、eir own businessB.being engaged with their workC.working with different companiesD.being busy with their private affairs(2).According to Paragraph 2, BenevolentAIs version of AI can_.（分数：2.00）A.make some inferencesB.think like human beingsC.teach machines to learnD.learn complex language(3).A growin

33、g number of companies believe that AI can be used to _.（分数：2.00）A.exploit human potentialB.impair physical healthC.solve social problemsD.benefit human beings(4).According to the last paragraph, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.AI has made a great contribution to biology and medicine.B.Whet

34、her AI can serve much to medicine is not yet clear.C.Drug firms find it unaffordable to discover new products.D.Pharmaceutical companies hope to find real gold in the tests.(5).The traditional way to find new drugs can be characterized by being_.（分数：2.00）A.hopefulB.expensiveC.inefficientD.productive

35、When education fails to keep pace with technology, the result is inequality. Without the skills to stay useful as innovations arrive, workers sufferand if enough of them fall behind, society starts to fail apart. That fundamental insight seized reformers in the Industrial Revolution, promoting state

36、-funded universal schooling. Later, automation in factories and offices called forth a surge in college graduates. The combination of education and innovation, spread over decades, led to a remarkable flowering of prosperity. Today robotics and artificial intelligence call for another education revo

37、lution. This time, however, working lives are so lengthy and so fast-changing that simply cramming more schooling in at the start is not enough. People must also be able to acquire new skills throughout their careers. Unfortunately, as our special report in this issue sets out, the lifelong learning

38、 that exists today mainly benefits high achievers and is therefore more likely to aggravate inequality than diminish it. If 21st-century economies are not to create a massive underclass, policymakers urgently need to work out how to help all their citizens learn while they earn. So far, their ambiti

39、on has fallen pitifully short. The classic model of educationa burst at the start and top-ups through company trainingis breaking down. One reason is the need for new, and constantly updated, skills. Manufacturing increasingly calls for brain work rather than physical work. The share of the American

40、 workforce employed in routine office jobs declined from 25. 5% to 21% between 1996 and 2015. The single, stable career has gone the way of the Rolodex. Pushing people into ever-higher levels of formal education at the start of their lives is not the way to cope. Just 16% of Americans think that a f

41、our-year college degree prepares students very well for a good job. Although a vocational education promises that vital first hire, those with specialized training tend to withdraw from the labour force earlier than those with general educationperhaps because they are less adaptable. At the same tim

42、e on-the-job training is shrinking. In America and Britain it has fallen by roughly half in the past two decades. Self-employment is spreading, leaving more people to take responsibility for their own skills. Taking time out later in life to pursue a formal qualification is an option, but it costs m

43、oney and most colleges are geared towards youngsters.（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from Paragraph 1 that_.（分数：2.00）A.society will collapse without innovationB.education is the only way to social prosperityC.inequality may originate from poor educationD.most workers in factories are college graduates(2)

44、.The author believes that in face of education revolution, workers need_.（分数：2.00）A.high goals in their careersB.more schooling at the startC.new skills at the beginningD.persistent effort in their lives(3).According to Paragraph 3, todays lifelong learning can_.（分数：2.00）A.increase the number of the

45、 underclassB.benefit people with high career goalsC.eliminate inequality once and for allD.be helpful to the majority of people(4).The traditional educational pattern becomes outdated because_.（分数：2.00）A.manufacturing requires more brain workB.technique should be continually renewedC.more skilled wo

46、rkers are urgently neededD.company training is becoming out of date(5).The authors attitude towards on-the-job training is_.（分数：2.00）A.objectiveB.favorableC.pessimisticD.contradictoryThe Big Mac index is built on the idea of purchasing-power parity, the theory that in the long run currencies will co

47、nverge until the same amount of money buys the same amount of goods and services in every country. A Big Mac currently costs $ 5.06 in America but just 10. 75 lira ($ 2.75) in Turkey , implying that the lira is undervalued. However, other currencies are even cheaper. In Big Mac terms, the Mexican pe

48、so is undervalued by 55. 9% against the greenback. Last week it also hit a record low as Mr Trump restated some of his campaign threats against Mexico. The peso has lost a tenth of its value against the dollar since November. Of big countries, only Russia offers a cheaper Big Mac, in dollar terms, even though the rouble has strengthened over the past year. The euro zone is also prey to political uncertainty. Elections are scheduled this year in