【考研类试卷】考研英语（二）模拟试卷156及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 156 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_For months Twitter, the micro-blogging service, has received the kind of free att

2、ention of which most companies can only dream. Politicians, corporate bosses, activists and citizens【C1】_the platform to catch every tweet of Americas new president, who has become the services【C2】_“The whole world is watching Twitter,“【C3】_Jack Dorsey, the companys chief executive,【C4】_he presented

3、 its results on February 9th. He has little else to brag about. But Donald Trump has not provided the kind of boost the【C5】_firm really needs. It reported【C6】_revenue growth and a loss of $ 167m. User growth has been sluggish, too; it added just 2m users in that period. Facebook added 72m. The day o

4、f the results, shares in Twitter dropped by 12%.【C7】_news outlets around the world already report【C8】_Mr Trumps most sensational tweets, many do not feel compelled to join the platform to【C9】_them. Others are【C10】_by mobs of trolls and large amounts of misinformation. And not【C11】_Mr Trump could cha

5、nge the cold, hard truth about Twitter: that it can never be Facebook. True, it has become one of the most important【C12】_for public and political【C13】_among its 319m monthly users. It played an important role in the Arab spring and【C14】_such as Black Lives Matter. But the platforms freewheeling nat

6、ure makes it hard to spin gold from.【C15】_, really trying to do soby packing Twitter feeds【C16】_advertising, saywould drive away users. Twitters latest results are likely to encourage those who think it should never have become a【C17】_listed company, and want it to consider alternate models of owner

7、ship, such as a co-operative. They【C18】_Twitter as a kind of public utilitya “peoples platform“ the management of which should concern public【C19】_rather more than commercial ones. If the company were cooperatively owned by users, it would be【C20】_from short-term pressure to please its investors and

8、 meet earnings targets.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.turn toB.look forC.take upD.give out(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.chairmanB.directorC.spokesmanD.supervisor(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.confessedB.boastedC.interpretedD.advocated(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.as(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.prosperousB.innovativeC.strug

9、glingD.unlucky(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.slowingB.difficultC.promptD.resurgent(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.WhenD.Hence(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.toB.inC.atD.on(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.discoverB.observeC.discussD.debate(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.given upB.taken awayC.put offD.sent back(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.onlyB.butC.al

10、waysD.even(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.websitesB.servicesC.businessesD.industries(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.contactB.communicationC.connectionD.community(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.movementsB.activitiesC.migrationsD.actions(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.In a wordB.As a resultC.In factD.At least(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.backB.againstC.

11、forD.with(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.commonlyB.publiclyC.massivelyD.generally(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.viewB.dismissC.serveD.realize(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.investmentsB.behaviorsC.interestsD.policies(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.revealedB.recoveredC.rejectedD.released二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Read

12、ing Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._When George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, is spotted outside Westminster, he is very often making an appearance on a building site, wearing a fluorescent safety

13、 jacket. It was no surprise to hear him claim once again, in his budget speech on March 19th, that “Were getting Britain building“. Sadly, given the huge extent of Britains housing shortage, the chancellors proposed interventions do not add up to much. The biggest announcement was that the governmen

14、t will extend Help to Buy, a scheme that guarantees mortgages for people purchasing newly built homes. Mr Osborne also hopes to build a new town at Ebbsfleet, a patch of post-industrial land in the Thames estuary, and promises to speed up the redevelopment of several rotting 1960s and 1970s social h

15、ousing estates in London. By making it easier for house builders to shift their stock, Help to Buy has probably helped boost building slightly, especially in northern cities where construction had all but ceased. Extending the programme will boost Britains housing stock by 120,000 by 2020, the Treas

16、ury claims, though it will also expose taxpayers to any future house-price crash. Mr Osborne also announced a new fund to support lending to small house builderswho have struggled to get financing in recent years which ought to have a similar effect. The new town is more adventurous. Ebbsfleet, wher

17、e a high-speed rail link to London opened in 2007, has had plans for new homes for almost 20 years. Few have been built, mostly because the site is a partially flooded quarry with little in the way of shops, public transport or infrastructure. The governments new idea is to create a development corp

18、oration with control over planning and the ability to borrow to clean up and prepare the site. That was how post-war new towns such as Milton Keynes and Stevenage were built. A similar interventionism is visible in the plan to rebuild 1960s estates. Many of these, such as the Aylesbury Estate in Sou

19、thwark and Robin Hood Gardens in Tower Hamlets, are crumbling. By increasing the density on the sites, and using the proceeds of selling the extra houses built, it ought to be possible to cover the cost of reconstruction. But councils have been short of money to do much themselves, and private devel

20、opers extract high returns in exchange for putting up capital. With central-government money, those projects ought to move quicker and councils ought to get more for their land.（分数：10.00）(1).George Osbornes housing proposal seems to be ineffective because of_.（分数：2.00）A.the lack of support from loca

21、l governmentB.the enormous gap of the real estate marketC.the financial difficulties of the governmentD.the huge expansion of housing construction(2).According to Paragraph 2, Help to Buy is a project designed to_.（分数：2.00）A.help people to build new homesB.guarantee mortgage for everyoneC.ensure eas

22、y loan for home buyersD.speed up social housing construction(3).We can learn from Paragraph 3 that extending Help to Buy_.（分数：2.00）A.will bring numerous benefitsB.may greatly boost the stock marketC.will do more harm than goodD.may be both constructive and risky(4).Ebbsfleet is mentioned in the text

23、 to show_.（分数：2.00）A.the necessary part of urbanizationB.the boldness of building new townsC.the urgency of housing constructionD.the importance of building infrastructure(5).In return for investing in estate reconstruction, private developers need_.（分数：2.00）A.ample rewardB.new projectsC.quick retur

24、nD.more powerTropical rain pounds on the roof of a cavernous warehouse near Jakarta, Indonesias capital. Inside , youngsters in orange T-shirts haul around clothes, luggage and electrical goods for Lazada, an e-commerce firm, which has just moved in. The 12,000 square metre space is three times the

25、size of the old one, but it already looks full. Three years ago Lazadas entire stock filled a storeroom the size of a studio flat, recalls Magnus Ekbom, its twenty-something boss in Indonesia. Internet shopping accounts for less than 1 % of all purchases in South-East Asiaa region twice as populous

26、as America, where the proportion is nearly 10%. But surging smartphone use and a broadening middle class mean the market is set to multiply; perhaps five fold by 2018,reckons Frost California is the only state with more. But the juicy state incentives for buying them are coming under attack. Residen

27、ts can claim an income-tax credit for 20% of the cost of leasing or purchasing an electric vehicle, up to $ 5,000. Combined with a possible federal tax incentive worth $ 7,500,savvy Georgians are driving all the way to the bank in nearly-free electric cars. Nissan sells more of its Leaf models in At

28、lanta than in any other city, according to Don Francis from Georgia, which promotes the use of cars like these. Such trends motivated Chuck Martin, a representative in Georgias House, to sponsor a bill to end state incentives for electric vehicles. He argues that the income-tax credit costs too much

29、about $ 13. 6m in 2013and that only urban types benefit from these sorts of cars. Mr Martins bill was voted down in committee in February, but seems to be still breathing. Another House bill, mostly to finance transport projects, would reduce the credits; it is now before the Senate. Fans of electri

30、c vehicles say Georgia now leads the country in clean transport. Local power companies have helped by offering off-peak prices of 1. 3 cents per kilowatt hour for charging the cars at night. And the sales tax levied on this power stays in the state, whereas cash spent on petrol largely goes elsewher

31、e, says Jeff Cohen, founder of the Atlanta Electric Vehicle Development Coalition. Cutting the credits altogether might also harm Georgia in other ways. A study by Keybridge Public Policy Economics, a consultancy, says the state could lose $ 252m by 2030 if they disappear and people buy gas-guzzlers

32、 instead. That is because drivers will spend $ 714m on petrol to get around (in contrast with the $ 261m they would have paid in electricity bills) , and will no longer fritter away their savings from the federal electric-vehicle tax credit in Georgias shops. But the states incentives may be safe in

33、 the legislature after all; the president of the Senate drives an electric car himself.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, Georgia may_.（分数：2.00）A.be under attack for its unreasonable policiesB.encourage people to purchase electric vehiclesC.end state incentives for buying electric cars soonD.ha

34、ve the largest number of electric cars in America(2).Chuck Martin seeks to end state incentives for electric vehicles because_.（分数：2.00）A.the policy proves to be costlyB.no one benefits from the policyC.the government is short of moneyD.these incentives will hurt economy(3).Supporters of electric ve

35、hicles believe that these cars are_.（分数：2.00）A.convenient to charge and duty-freeB.powerful and good to environmentC.environmental-friendly and money-savingD.inexpensive and faster than traditional cars(4).A study suggests that cutting the credits in Georgia might_.（分数：2.00）A.boost economic growthB.

36、do harm to the marketC.reduce vehicle salesD.lead to greater loss(5).The authors attitude towards Georgias policies on electric cars seems to be_.（分数：2.00）A.worriedB.doubtfulC.optimisticD.sympatheticAs the country with the European Unions fastest ageing population, Germany has repeatedly adjusted it

37、s pension system to avert a slow-motion demographic disaster. The biggest reform came during Angela Merkels first term as chancellor. Then, as now, Christian Democrats were yoked with Social Democrats in a “grand coalition“. In 2007 the coalition decided that the normal retirement age should gradual

38、ly rise from 65 to 67. Mrs Merkel has since preached similar demographic and economic wisdom to most of her EU partners, criticizing France in particular for straying off the right path. So it comes as something of a shock that Mrs Merkel, now in her third term and running another grand coalition, i

39、s reversing course. On the campaign trail for last Septembers election, she promised to raise pensions for older mothers. The Social Democrats countered with promises to let certain workers retire at 63 instead of 65. As coalition partners, they will do both at once. It falls to Andrea Nahles, the l

40、abour minister and a Social Democrat who likes to wave the banner of “social justice“ , to push the pension package through parliament by the summer so that it can take effect on July 1st. A previous reform let women with children born after 1992 treat three of their stay-at-home maternity years if

41、they had worked and paid full pension contributions. The new “mother pension“ will be for the 8m-9m women who took time off for children before 1992. They will be allowed to count two of those years, instead of just one, as working years for pension purposes. The second part of Mrs Nahless reforms,

42、retirement at 63, is aimed at people who have contributed to the pension system for at least 45 years. But Mrs Nahles wants to count not only years spent working or caring for children or other family members but also periods of short-term unemployment. Separately, she will also boost the pensions o

43、f people who cannot work due to disability, and spend more money to help them to recover. Individually, these proposals may seem noble-minded. But as a package, the plan is “shortsighted and one-sided,“ thinks Axel Bersch-Supan, a pension adviser at the Munich Centre for the Economics of Ageing. It

44、benefits the older generation, which is already well looked after, at the expense of younger people who will have to pay higher contributions or taxes. “The financial and psychological costs of the pension at 63 are disastrous,“ Mr Bersch-Supan says. There will no longer be any incentive to keep wor

45、king longer. In some cases, people may, in effect, retire at 61, register as unemployed for two years, and then draw their full pensions.（分数：10.00）(1).Pension system in Germany has been adjusted to_.（分数：2.00）A.avert ageing trendB.tackle ageing problemC.avoid a natural disasterD.reduce ageing populat

46、ion(2).Merkel has astonished the public because she_.（分数：2.00）A.changed her curriculumB.made a unrealistic promiseC.overturned her old decisionD.criticized her coalition partner(3).Andrea Nahless pension reforms focus on the following parts except_.（分数：2.00）A.retirement ageB.working mothersC.handica

47、pped peopleD.unemployed women(4).Axel Bersch-Supan believes that Nahless proposals are_.（分数：2.00）A.lofty but unrealisticB.noble and insightfulC.considerate but costlyD.foolish and disastrous(5).Which of the following is the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.The Ageing Problem in Germany: Hard to Ha

48、ndleB.Germanys Pension Reform: Noble and SensibleC.The New Pension System: Good News for MothersD.Germanys Pension Reform: In the Wrong Direction4.Part B_Shortly after The Economist went to press, about 25,000 people were expected to turn up at the London Art Fair. Your correspondent visited just before, as 128 white booths were being