【考研类试卷】考研英语（完形填空）-试卷108及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 108 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious natural weapons in the struggle for【C1】

2、_in the open. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats. They could not【C2】_with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws【C3】_an impressive “small-fire“ weaponry. They could not even defend themselves【C4】_running swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals. If th

3、e ape-men had attempted to【C5】_on those terms in the open, they would have been【C6】_to failure and extinction. But they were【C7】_with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors. In the【C8】_for the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had【C9】_efficient stereoscop

4、ic vision and a sense of colour that the animals of the grasslands did not possess. The ability to see clearly at close range【C10】_the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far【C11】_the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland. Good long-distance sight was quite another mat

5、ter. 【C12】_of long-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint, the greater the range of sightso【C13】_they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not【C14】_. Climbing a hill would have helped,

6、【C15】_in many places the ground was flat. The ape-men【C16】_the only possible solution. They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk upright. This vital change of physical position brought about considerable【C17】_. It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already sl

7、ow ape-men became slower still.【C18】_, they persevered and their bone structure gradually became【C19】_to the new, unstable position that【C20】_them the name Homo Erectus, upright man.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.breedingB.domainC.survivalD.food(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.cooperateB.compareC.rivalD.equal(3).【C

8、3】（分数：2.00）A.becameB.equippedC.posedD.provided(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.inB.uponC.byD.with(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.competeB.relyC.focusD.carry(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.drivenB.doomedC.forcedD.led(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.bestowedB.givenC.presentedD.endowed(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.searchB.inquiryC.researchD.longing(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A

9、.progressedB.generatedC.developedD.advanced(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.permittedB.forcedC.letD.required(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.fromB.apartC.beyondD.above(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.ShrinkB.LackC.ChangeD.Evolution(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.anythingB.thatC.everythingD.what(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.availableB.enoughC.sufficientD.

10、convenient(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.sinceB.butC.soD.and(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.choseB.adoptedC.rejectedD.took(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.benefitsB.advantagesC.conveniencesD.disadvantages(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.MeanwhileD.Subsequently(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.accustomedB.familiarizedC.adaptedD.suited(20

11、).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.obtainedB.calledC.deservedD.earnedThe translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages, full【C1】_in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of【C2】_use, and a knowledge and understanding of the【C3】_subject-matte

12、r in his field of specialization. This is, as it were, his professional equipment.【C4】_this, it is desirable that he should have an【C5】_mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to【C6】_quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work【C7】_his own, often at high

13、 speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others【C8】_his own knowledge not always prove【C9】_to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding【C10】_with printing techniques and proofreading.

14、 If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to【C11】_rapidly from one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another,【C12】_this ability is frequently【C13】_of him in such w

15、ork. Bearing in mind the nature of the translator“s work, i.e. the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking,【C14】_that he should be able to speak the languages he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage【C15】_a hindrance, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that

16、 he can do away with. It is,【C16】_, desirable that he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages【C17】_this is restricted to knowing how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same【C18】_to an ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and goo

17、d; if he cannot, it does not【C19】_. There are many other skills and【C20】_that are desirable in a translator.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.applianceB.applicationC.utilityD.facility(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.commonB.habitualC.normalD.typical(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.lateB.lastC.latestD.later(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.More th

18、anB.Except forC.Because ofD.In addition to(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.invitingB.consultingC.inquiringD.developing(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.gainB.graspC.seizeD.earn(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.byC.forD.on(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.shouldB.whenC.becauseD.if(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.adequateB.essentialC.superiorD.excessive(10).【C10】（分数：2.

19、00）A.familiarityB.acquaintanceC.knowledgeD.skill(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.changeB.transformC.turnD.switch(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.ifB.whileC.sinceD.although(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.lackedB.requiredC.facedD.confronted(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.essentialB.unnecessaryC.advantageousD.useless(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.in spite o

20、fB.regardless ofC.rather thanD.other than(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.howeverB.accordinglyC.consequentlyD.thus(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.even ifB.only ifC.so thatD.now that(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.refersB.comesC.appliesD.amounts(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.matterB.mindC.harmD.work(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.characteristicsB.qualiti

21、esC.distinctionsD.features考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 108 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious natural wea

22、pons in the struggle for【C1】_in the open. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats. They could not【C2】_with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws【C3】_an impressive “small-fire“ weaponry. They could not even defend themselves【C4】_running swiftly like the horses, ze

23、bras or small animals. If the ape-men had attempted to【C5】_on those terms in the open, they would have been【C6】_to failure and extinction. But they were【C7】_with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors. In the【C8】_for the pickings of the forest, the ape-men

24、had【C9】_efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of colour that the animals of the grasslands did not possess. The ability to see clearly at close range【C10】_the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far【C11】_the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland. Good long-distance

25、 sight was quite another matter. 【C12】_of long-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint, the greater the range of sightso【C13】_they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not【C14】_. Climbi

26、ng a hill would have helped,【C15】_in many places the ground was flat. The ape-men【C16】_the only possible solution. They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk upright. This vital change of physical position brought about considerable【C17】_. It was extremely unstable and

27、it meant that the already slow ape-men became slower still.【C18】_, they persevered and their bone structure gradually became【C19】_to the new, unstable position that【C20】_them the name Homo Erectus, upright man.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.breedingB.domainC.survival D.food解析：解析：该段接下来的句子讲的都是猿人和其他野外动物的

28、生存技能的对比，没有专门侧重讲他们在争夺某个方面资源(如争夺异性、领地或食物)的实力对比，再结合本段倒数第二句的 ex-tinction 这个字眼，可推断此空应选 C 项 survival(生存)。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.cooperateB.compare C.rivalD.equal解析：解析：上一句说猿人祖先没有大型猫科动物那样强有力的牙齿和坚硬的爪子，因此推断此处表示“他们没法与熊相比”，compare with“与相比较”符合句意，故本题选 B。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.becameB.equippedC.posedD.provided 解析：解析：原文意为

29、“熊的力量、速度和爪子为自身很好的武器”，D 项 provided“提供”代入空格，句意通顺。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.inB.uponC.by D.with解析：解析：空格后的“快速奔跑”是“保护他们自己”的方式，因此选择表“方式”的介词 by“通过”，故本题选 C。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.compete B.relyC.focusD.carry解析：解析：those terms 指代前面将猿人和其他动物进行对比的几个方面爪牙的坚固和锋利程度、体格的强壮程度、身手的敏捷度、奔跑速度等，对比的结果是，猿人在这些方面都不如其他动物厉害，若他们试图在这几方面与其他动物比拼

30、的话，势必要落败；A 项 compete“竞争，较量，比试”代入此空，符合推断且语义通顺，故为本题答案。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.drivenB.doomed C.forcedD.led解析：解析：四个选项都有“被迫导致的境地”之义，但 B 项 doomed 有“上天注定遭到厄运”之义，有“必然的”含义，而且 be doomed to failure/to fail 是常见搭配，故选 B。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.bestowedB.givenC.presentedD.endowed 解析：解析：空格后讲的是猿人具备一些其竞争者没有的优势，这些优势不可能是某人给的，而是

31、大自然赋予的。be endowed with表示“先天具备”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.search B.inquiryC.researchD.longing解析：解析：空格所在句的大意为“在森林中可以采摘的东西的过程中，猿人良好的立体视觉和色感”，虽然本句还有下一空没填，但结合下文的内容推测，此处应该是讲猿人在视觉方面拥有的区别于其他动物的优势，A 项 search“搜寻，寻找，寻求”代入此空，表示“在寻找森林中可以采摘的东西的过程中”，与上下文语义逻辑相符，故本题选 A。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.progressedB.generatedC.developed D.

32、advanced解析：解析：结合下文的内容(The ability to see clearly at close range)推测，此处应该是讲猿人在视觉方面拥有的区别于其他动物的优势，空格后接“立体视觉和色感”，developed 能表示“自身潜在技能的开发”，而“立体视觉和色感”属于一种自身潜能，搭配合适，代入后表示“猿人逐渐具备了良好的立体视觉和色感”，与上下文语义衔接通顺合理，故本题选 C。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.permitted B.forcedC.letD.required解析：解析：此空所在句大意为“可以看清近距离的物体的这种能力猿人以一种方式来考虑实际问题

33、”，从句意上看，A 项 permitted“允许，使有可能”符合要求，permit sbto do sth表示“允许某人做某事，使某人得以做某事”，句意通顺，逻辑合理，故 A 为本题答案。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.fromB.apartC.beyond D.above解析：解析：beyond the reach of 为固定搭配，表示“超出的能力”，故选 C。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.ShrinkB.Lack C.ChangeD.Evolution解析：解析：上一段主要讲猿人在视觉上的优势能看清近距离的事物，末句则说“良好的远程视力则完全是另一回事了”，注意这里

34、用了 quite another matter，言下之意，猿人在远视能力方面应该跟其短距离视力优势相去甚远，甚至是另一个极端，即有可能是完全不具有远视能力。而此空所在句说远视能力方面的问题，居住在森林的猿猴可以通过(爬树)提高视点从而扩宽视野来解决。根据此处的上下文，可以推测猿人应该不具备远视能力，因此选 B 项 Lack“缺乏，没有”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.anythingB.thatC.everythingD.what 解析：解析：so 后的句子中，they had had to do 应为主语从句，引导词在从句中充当 do 的宾语，what 符合要求，故选 D。(14

35、).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.available B.enoughC.sufficientD.convenient解析：解析：this simple solution 指上文提到的爬树，在空旷的野外，爬树这种解决方式显然是没法采用的，available“可利用的，可得的”符合此处的语义，故 A 为正确答案。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.sinceB.but C.soD.and解析：解析：空格处填入的是连词，表明空格前后两个分句之间的关系。空格前提到“爬上小山应该能起一定作用”，空格后说“许多地方的地面是平的”，前后两个部分所述不相符，即它们可能是转折或让步关系。B 项 but

36、“但是”表转折。符合此处语义要求。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.choseB.adopted C.rejectedD.took解析：解析：adopted 意为“采纳”，跟空格后 solution(解决办法)相搭配，表示“采纳某种方法或方案”，故选 B。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.benefitsB.advantagesC.conveniencesD.disadvantages 解析：解析：在下文中出现了 unstable，slower 之类的词，对于要在充满竞争的野外生存下去的猿人来说，这是不利于他们生存的变化，所以此处的正确答案为 D 项 disadvantages

37、“劣势，不利条件”。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.However B.ThereforeC.MeanwhileD.Subsequently解析：解析：上文说“站姿使得行动缓慢的猿人更加缓慢了”，而本句却说“他们保留了这种姿势”，语义上存在转折，However“然而”符合句意，故选 A。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.accustomedB.familiarizedC.adapted D.suited解析：解析：此句中有一个副词 gradually“逐步地，渐渐地”，由此可知这是一个逐步变化的过程，而adapted 后常跟 to，表示“改变以适应(新情况)”，符合此处的语境

38、要求，代入后意为“他们的骨骼结构也渐渐地适应了这种新的、不稳定的姿势”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.obtainedB.calledC.deservedD.earned 解析：解析：空格后接的是双宾语，能接双宾语的只有 B 和 D，该句主语应为 the new，unstableposition，显然“姿势”是不能发出“称呼”的，故只能选 D 项 earned“赢得”，同时排除 B 项 called“称呼”，本句意为“这种新的姿势为他们赢得了直立人的称呼”。The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of

39、his source languages, full【C1】_in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of【C2】_use, and a knowledge and understanding of the【C3】_subject-matter in his field of specialization. This is, as it were, his professional equipment.【C4】_this, it is desirable that h

40、e should have an【C5】_mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to【C6】_quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work【C7】_his own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others【C8】_his own knowledge not always prove【C9】_to the task in ha

41、nd. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding【C10】_with printing techniques and proofreading. If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the fl

42、exibility of mind to enable him to【C11】_rapidly from one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another,【C12】_this ability is frequently【C13】_of him in such work. Bearing in mind the nature of the translator“s work, i.e. the processing of the written word, it is, strictly

43、speaking,【C14】_that he should be able to speak the languages he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage【C15】_a hindrance, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can do away with. It is,【C16】_, desirable that he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of hi

44、s source languages【C17】_this is restricted to knowing how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same【C18】_to an ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does not【C19】_. There are many other skills and【C20】_that are desirable in a translator.（分数：40.

45、00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.applianceB.applicationC.utilityD.facility 解析：解析：空格所在句意为“一名译者必须精通源语言，熟悉其各种最新的用法，拥有熟练处理目标语言的”，D 项 facilty 有“天资，才能”之意，代入此空，句意通顺，故为本题答案。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.commonB.habitual C.normalD.typical解析：解析：mother tongue 跟“language ofuse“通过 or 连接，表明两者意思接近，mother tongue“母语”表明 or 后面说的应该也是用得很多、很熟

46、练的一种语言，B 项 habitual“习惯的，惯常的”代入空格，表示“习惯性使用的语言”，符合要求。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.lateB.lastC.latest D.later解析：解析：根据常识，翻译应需要了解本专业领域的最新知识，C 项 latest“最新的”符合语境。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.More thanB.Except forC.Because ofD.In addition to 解析：解析：从上下文来看，此句的意思是对上文句意的递进，D 项 In addition to“除此之外(还)”符合语境，故选 D。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.in

47、vitingB.consultingC.inquiring D.developing解析：解析：此处的句意为“他最好还能有精神”，C 项 inquiring“爱探究的”代入空格，意为“他最好还能有追根究底的精神”，句意通顺，故本题选 C。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.gainB.grasp C.seizeD.earn解析：解析：空格所在句的大意为“除此之外，他最好还能有追根究底的精神、广泛的兴趣、良好的记忆力以及迅速最新发展动态的基本原理的能力。”B 项 grasp 有“理解，掌握”之意，代入此空，逻辑合理，故 B 为本题答案。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.byC.forD.on 解析：解析：on one“s own 为固定搭配，意为“独立地”，此处指“他应当愿意独立工作”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.should B.whenC.becauseD.if解析：解析：四个选项中只有 A 项 should 能够提前，省略 if，引导倒装的从句，是虚拟语气，正常语序为 if his own knowledge should not always prove。此处 should 意为“假使，万一”。如用when，because 或 if，则 not 前面