【考研类试卷】考研英语（完形填空）-试卷23及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 23 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but the

2、re is a third major【C1】_to consider, the role of government. Government has a powerful【C2】_on the economy in at least four ways: Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system【C3】_ the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely the【C4】_and maintenance

3、of most highways is the responsibility of the individual states, and the public educational systems, 【C5】_ a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily【C6】_for by state or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation services are【C7】_the responsibilities of local gove

4、rnment. Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private enterprise, in many ways, for the【C8】_of assuring that business serves the best interests of the people【C9】_a whole. Regulation is【C10】_in areas where private enterprise is【C11】_a monopoly, such as in telephone or electric

5、 service. Public policy【C12】_ such companies to make a reasonable profit,【C13】_limits their ability to raise prices unfairly, since the public depends on their services. Often control is exercised to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans【C14】_drugs, or requir

6、es standards of 【C15】_in food. Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government including Congress attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust of inflation and depression, by【C16】_tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also【C17】_the economy through changes in the amount of

7、 public spending by the government itself. Direct Assistance. The government【C18】_businesses and individuals with many kinds of help. For example, tariffs permit certain products to remain relatively【C19】_of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed【C20】_American products are able to compete

8、better with certain foreign goods.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.economyB.horrorC.magnifierD.element(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.elevationB.emotionC.effectD.election(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.supplyingB.servingC.providingD.offering(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.instrumentB.structureC.instructionD.construction(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.bes

9、idesB.despiteC.beyondD.under(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.spentB.takenC.paidD.cost(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.alsoB.tooC.neitherD.nor(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.assertionB.purposeC.assetD.assumption(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.inB.asC.onD.for(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.optionalB.necessaryC.uselessD.flexible(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.grantedB.offeredC

10、.entitledD.appointed(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.resentsB.admitsC.letsD.permits(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.andB.butC.soD.or(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.harmfulB.beneficialC.excellentD.qualified(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.facultyB.quantityC.qualityD.qualification(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.applaudingB.assessingC.ascendingD.adjusting(17)

11、.【C17】（分数：2.00）A.affectB.effectC.adhereD.affirm(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.offersB.providesC.givesD.grants(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.reliableB.freeC.applicableD.busy(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.in caseB.only ifC.in thatD.so thatWhat happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? Soon after an eve

12、nt 【C1】_, newspapers are on the street giving the details.【C2】_anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to【C3】_the news. Newspapers have one basic【C4】_to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to【C5】_it Radio, television, and oth

13、er inventions 【C6】_competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 【C7】_this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the【C8】_and thus the efficiency of their own op

14、erations. Today more newspapers are【C9】_and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers【C10】_of the latest news, today“s newspapers【C11】_and influence readers about politics, and other important and serious matters. Newspapers

15、influence readers“ economic choices 【C12】_advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very【C13】_ . Newspapers are sold at a price that【C14】_to cover even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main【C15】_of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 【C16】_in s

16、elling advertising depends on newspaper“s value to advertisers. This is【C17】_ in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends somewhat on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 【C18】_in a newspaper“s pages.【C19】_for the most part,

17、 circulation depends on a newspaper“s value to readers as a source of information【C20】_the community, city, county, nation and worldand even outer space.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.makes senseB.makes progressC.takes placeD.takes part(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.WheneverC.WhereverD.Whatever(3).【C3】（分

18、数：2.00）A.gatherB.generateC.concentrateD.bring(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.reasonB.causeC.problemD.purpose(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.makeB.publishC.knowD.write(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.excludedB.broughtC.sacrificedD.reduced(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.AndC.ThereforeD.So(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.valueB.ratioC.rateD.speed(9).【C9】（分数：2

19、.00）A.spreadB.passedC.printedD.completed(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.realizedB.concernedC.remindedD.informed(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.entertainB.encourageC.educateD.edit(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.onB.throughC.withD.of(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.formsB.existenceC.contentsD.purposes(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.triesB.managesC.failsD.a

20、ffords(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.sourceB.originC.courseD.finance(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.wayB.meansC.chanceD.success(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.devaluedB.appreciatedC.measuredD.assured(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.registeredB.offeredC.editedD.proposed(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.AndB.ThenC.SoD.But(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.byB.withC.atD.a

21、bout考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 23 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, b

22、ut there is a third major【C1】_to consider, the role of government. Government has a powerful【C2】_on the economy in at least four ways: Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system【C3】_ the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely the【C4】_and mainte

23、nance of most highways is the responsibility of the individual states, and the public educational systems, 【C5】_ a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily【C6】_for by state or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation services are【C7】_the responsibilities of loca

24、l government. Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private enterprise, in many ways, for the【C8】_of assuring that business serves the best interests of the people【C9】_a whole. Regulation is【C10】_in areas where private enterprise is【C11】_a monopoly, such as in telephone or el

25、ectric service. Public policy【C12】_ such companies to make a reasonable profit,【C13】_limits their ability to raise prices unfairly, since the public depends on their services. Often control is exercised to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans【C14】_drugs, or

26、requires standards of 【C15】_in food. Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government including Congress attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust of inflation and depression, by【C16】_tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also【C17】_the economy through changes in the amo

27、unt of public spending by the government itself. Direct Assistance. The government【C18】_businesses and individuals with many kinds of help. For example, tariffs permit certain products to remain relatively【C19】_of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed【C20】_American products are able to co

28、mpete better with certain foreign goods.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.economyB.horrorC.magnifierD.element 解析：解析：上文提到“消费者的决定”和“生产者的决定”这两个塑造经济的要素，而“政府的作用”是第三个要素，故选 D 项 element“要素”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.elevationB.emotionC.effect D.election解析：解析：由下文四个方面的内容，可以看出政府对经济是有强大影响的，因此选 C 项 effect“影响”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.

29、00）A.supplyingB.serving C.providingD.offering解析：解析：空格前的 a federal system(一个联邦系统)指的是“邮政系统”，而空格后是 the entire nation(整个国家)，邮政系统应是为整个国家服务的，serve 有“为服务，服务于”之意，此处用现在分词，修饰前面的 a federal system，因此选 B 项 serving。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.instrumentB.structureC.instructionD.construction 解析：解析：空格处跟 maintenance“维护”并列，应表

30、示跟“高速公路维护”相近含义的词，对比四个选项，D 项 consmiction“建设”符合要求。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.besidesB.despite C.beyondD.under解析：解析：空格所在部分意为“联邦政府付了一大笔钱”，既然提到联邦政府付了大笔钱(a large funding role)，若是顺承关系的，后面就不会出现“公共教育系统主要是由州和市政府付钱”这样的说法，故推断两者存在转折让步关系，选 B 项 despite“尽管”，代入文中意为：尽管联邦政府也投入大量资金，公共教育系统的支出主要由州及市政府承担。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.spentB

31、.takenC.paid D.cost解析：解析：四个选项都有“花钱”的意思，但只有 pay 是跟介词 for 连用，故选 C 项 paid。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.also B.tooC.neitherD.nor解析：解析：此处表示“警察、消防和卫生设施的费用也是地方政府的职责”，且空格位于句中，故选 A项 also。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.assertionB.purpose C.assetD.assumption解析：解析：for the purpose of 为固定搭配，表示“为了的目的”，故答案为 B。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.inB.as C

32、.onD.for解析：解析：as a whole 亦是固定搭配，表示“作为一个整体”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.optionalB.necessary C.uselessD.flexible解析：解析：下一句其实是对本句说的 regulation“规范”的解释，说明这种“规范”一般是怎么操作实施的，末尾部分 sinceservices 还点明了为何要进行规范的原因公众依赖这些企业的服务，由此可知这种规范是有需要、有必要的，B 项 necessary“必要的”符合文意。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.granted B.offeredC.entitledD.appoin

33、ted解析：解析：从空格前后的字眼，可知这里大致指垄断企业，它们垄断的权力是国家给予的，A 项granted“准许，授予”代入空格，符合文意，且用法合适，grant sbsth表示“权威的一方授予某人某事物”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.resentsB.admitsC.letsD.permits 解析：解析：此处意为“公共政策_这些企业获得合理的利润”，由 reasonable(合理的)一词，可推断空格处填入“允许”含义的词，故选 D 项 permits“准许，许可，允许”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.andB.but C.soD.or解析：解析：空格前说“允许赚

34、合理的利润”，而空格后却说“限制无理涨价的行为”，语义存在转折。因此选 B。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.harmful B.beneficialC.excellentD.qualified解析：解析：空格前的 bans(禁止)，提示空格应填入负面意义的词，A 项 harmful“有害的”符合语义要求。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.facultyB.quantityC.quality D.qualification解析：解析：此处意为“要求食品_达标”，比较四个选项，C 项 quaility“质量”代入空格，句意通顺。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.appla

35、udingB.assessingC.ascendingD.adjusting 解析：解析：介词 by 引导的短语表方式，由空格前的 control可知此处是表示控制通胀引起的繁荣和通缩引起的经济萧条的手段。D 项 adjusting“调整”代入文中，意为“包括国会在内的政府机构会试图通过调整关税、货币供应量和信贷来控制通货膨胀引起的经济繁荣和通货紧缩引起的经济萧条”，符合上下文语义和常识，故本题选 D。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.affect B.effectC.adhereD.affirm解析：解析：They 指代的是上文的“政府机构”，由 also 一词知道本句跟上一句意思相

36、近，上一句意为“政府通过调整关税等影响经济”，故空格处填入“影响”含义的词，A 项 affect“影响”符合。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.offersB.provides C.givesD.grants解析：解析：四个选项都有“给予，提供”之意，但只有 provide 能用 provide sbwith sth的用法，故选 B 项 provides。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.reliableB.free C.applicableD.busy解析：解析：根据常识，关税的目的是保护本国的产品免于同国外产品竞争，free offrom表示“没有的，无的，摆脱了的”，符合

37、此处语境，故本题选 B 项 free。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.in caseB.only ifC.in thatD.so that 解析：解析：空格后“使美国产品更好地与某些外国产品竞争”是空格前“有时进口商品会征税”的目的，故选引导目的状语从句的 D 项 so that“以便”。What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? Soon after an event 【C1】_, newspapers are on the street giving the details

38、.【C2】_anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to【C3】_the news. Newspapers have one basic【C4】_to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to【C5】_it Radio, television, and other inventions 【C6】_competition for newspapers. So did the

39、 development of magazines and other means of communication. 【C7】_this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the【C8】_and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are【C9】_and read than eve

40、r before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers【C10】_of the latest news, today“s newspapers【C11】_and influence readers about politics, and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers“ economic choices 【C12】_advertising. Mo

41、st newspapers depend on advertising for their very【C13】_ . Newspapers are sold at a price that【C14】_to cover even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main【C15】_of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 【C16】_in selling advertising depends on newspaper“s value to advert

42、isers. This is【C17】_ in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends somewhat on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 【C18】_in a newspaper“s pages.【C19】_for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper“s value to readers as

43、 a source of information【C20】_the community, city, county, nation and worldand even outer space.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.makes senseB.makes progressC.takes place D.takes part解析：解析：空格所在句大意为“一件事_不久之后，街头的报纸就开始报道其中的细节了”。Soon after“在不久之后”这一表时间的词组，提示了此处提到的事件与报道的关系应为“先有事发生，然后开始报道”，故本题选 C 项 takes place“

44、发生”。此外，下一句的 happens“发生”也提示了本题应选 C 项。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.Whenever C.WhereverD.Whatever解析：解析：空格所在句的逗号前后为两个主干结构较完整的句子，此空需填入表明两个句子关系的关系副词。根据前一句的 Soon after 和后一句的 as quickly as possible 这些与时间相关的字眼，可推测此处选 B 项 Whenever“无论何时，每当”，代人文中意为“不管什么时候，世界上只要有任何事情发生，记者都会到现场收集信息”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.gather B.gen

45、erateC.concentrateD.bring解析：解析：be on the spot 指“在现场”，记者到现场是为了搜集信息，故选 A 项 gather“搜集”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.reasonB.causeC.problemD.purpose 解析：解析：根据空格后的内容“尽可能快地从新闻的源头和新闻制造者处获取信息并将其传递给”，这是新闻的根本目的，不是理由、原因或问题，故选 D 项 purpose“目的”。同时排除 A 项 reason“原因，理由”、B 项 cause“原因”、C 项 problem“问题”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.makeB.pu

46、blishC.know D.write解析：解析：空格所在句的 it 指代 news，这里讲报纸的目的是传播、传递新闻消息，涉及到负责传播的新闻媒介(Newspapers“报纸”)、消息源头(those who make it“新闻制造者”)以及新闻的受众，新闻的受众即指读者，读者读报就是为了想知道这些新闻，因此本题选 C 项 know“知道”，代入文中指将新闻传递给想知道的人。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.excludedB.brought C.sacrificedD.reduced解析：解析：inventions“发明”提示了 radio 和 television 均为晚于报纸出现

47、的新传媒，既然有了其他传媒加入新闻传播的行列，那就会产生竞争，因此本题选 B 项 brought“带来”，填入空格表示“广播、电视和其他发明给报纸带来了竞争”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.However B.AndC.ThereforeD.So解析：解析：空格前谈到报业出现了许多竞争对手，但空格后则说这些行业刺激了报业的发展。前后存在转折关系，选 A。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.valueB.ratioC.rateD.speed 解析：解析：前文都在讲报纸能以最快的速度传播新闻，故这里提升的是新闻的传播速度，而非新闻的价值。ratio“比率”和 rate“率”放入句中句意不通顺。故本题选 D 项 speed“速度”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.spreadB.passedC.printed D.completed解析：解析：根据 and 后面的 read than ever before，可判断报纸要增加印量才能满足这样的需求，故选 C 项 printed“印刷”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.realizedB.concernedC.remindedD.informed 解析：解析：keep sbinformed of st