【考研类试卷】考研英语（完形填空）-试卷67及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 67 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Insomniacs(someone who cannot sleep easily)don“t just suffer at night. During t

2、he day, they often feel sleepy, have trouble concentrating and report greater difficulty with work or school performance than individuals who get adequate sleep. But researchers are intrigued by an apparent【C1】_: Despite what insomnia patients experience subjectively, they often seem able to【C2】_cog

3、nitive tasks as well as people getting adequate sleep. One【C3】_is that insomnia doesn“t lead to【C4】_performance after allmaybe it just feels that way. Using brain imaging technology, researchers【C5】_25 people with insomnia and 25 normal sleepers as they performed an eight-minute working-memory task【

4、C6】_the processing and storing of short-term memory. As the exercises became more difficult, the people who sleep【C7】_had increased activity in parts of the brain【C8】_the insomnia subjects didn“t. And the poor sleepers couldn“t turn off the brain“s “mind wandering“ regions, also known as the “【C9】_m

5、ode“ network, located generally【C10】_the brain“s midline. These regions are ordinarily active when a person isn“t【C11】_in goal-directed behavior and they are【C12】_when the person switches to a task. The more the insomnia patients subjectively reported【C13】_and difficulty concentrating, and the【C14】_

6、they subjectively reported performing their task, the greater was their【C15】_to turn off the mind wandering regions, as measured by the MRI. “There“s no doubt that what“s going on in the brain could be measured as less【C16】_,“ experts said. More research is needed to understand how insomnia patients

7、 were able to【C17】_and perform the tasks equally well despite the apparent【C18】_in brain activity. The ultimate goal of this kind of research is to【C19】_the environmental and genetic causes of insomnia and develop【C20】_treatments.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.agreementB.attentionC.contradictionD.cont

8、act(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.carry outB.qualify forC.insist onD.figure out(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.decisionB.criticismC.possibilityD.tendency(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.shortB.wickedC.superiorD.inferior(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.interpretedB.monitoredC.selectedD.approved(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.absorbingB.rejectingC.involvingD.releasi

9、ng(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.lightlyB.soundlyC.frequentlyD.badly(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.whileB.asC.whenD.even(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.formalB.defaultC.manualD.sharing(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.onB.throughC.alongD.to(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.impairedB.hastenedC.devotedD.engaged(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.suppressedB.activatedC.surpassed

10、D.relaxed(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.lazinessB.sleepinessC.happinessD.depression(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.betterB.quickerC.greaterD.worse(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.inabilityB.abilityC.desireD.performance(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.effectiveB.availableC.efficientD.accessible(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.weakenB.assessC.distinguishD.c

11、ompensate(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.breakdownB.disfunctionC.discriminationD.distraction(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.determineB.suspectC.compromiseD.contribute(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.traditionalB.obsoleteC.nutritiousD.novelYoung people always suffer in recessions. Employers stop【C1】_them because they are easier to sa

12、ck. But in【C2】_episodes, such as the recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers were also fired. This time is【C3】_. During the financial crisis in 2008, and【C4】_, they have done better than other age groups. Why have older employees been【C5】_to young people? In some countries they benef

13、it from job protection not【C6】_to younger workers, but that did not really help them in past recessions. What has changed is that firms now【C7】_the full costs of getting rid of older staff. In the past early-retirement schemes made it【C8】_to push grey-haired workers out of the door. These have【C9】_s

14、topped. Older workers are healthier than they used to be and work is less【C10】_demanding. They are also more【C11】_to employers than prior generations. Today“s 55- to 64-year-olds -belong to the post-war baby-boomers who benefited from better education than their【C12】_. Older workers now have a sharp

15、er【C13】_to stay in employment because of the impact of the crisis on【C14】_. In Britain, workers who rely on private pensions have been【C15】_affected by lower returns on their investment. Many will argue older workers have done better at the【C16】_of the young. That view is wrongheaded. Young and old

16、people are【C17】_not substitutes in the workplace. They do different types of work in different types of occupation: younger people gravitate to IT firms,【C18】_older folk tend to be employed in more traditional industries. There are a【C19】_of things that should be done to help the young jobless, but【

17、C20】_older workers is not one of them.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.employingB.firingC.commentingD.dismissing(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.subsequentB.finalC.presentD.preceding(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.wrongB.dissimilarC.diversifiedD.alike(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.tillB.beforeC.sinceD.ago(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.superiorB.inferior

18、C.equalD.hostile(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.opposedB.limitedC.referredD.afforded(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.weighB.bearC.deductD.share(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.less expensiveB.more expensiveC.more difficultD.less suitable(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.slightlyB.largelyC.oftenD.rarely(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.sentimentallyB.psychologicallyC.

19、mentallyD.physically(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.confusingB.surprisingC.appealingD.annoying(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.offspringB.predecessorsC.acquaintancesD.colleagues(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.illusionB.imaginationC.aversionD.incentive(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.wealthB.healthC.relationshipD.mind(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.favorab

20、lyB.rarelyC.adverselyD.accidentally(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.requestB.edgeC.riskD.expense(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.by and byB.before longC.by and largeD.in a short time(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.henceB.whereasC.furthermoreD.when(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.multitudeB.bitC.pairD.set(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.guaranteeingB.dismiss

21、ingC.releasingD.employing考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 67 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Insomniacs(someone who cannot sleep easily)don“t jus

22、t suffer at night. During the day, they often feel sleepy, have trouble concentrating and report greater difficulty with work or school performance than individuals who get adequate sleep. But researchers are intrigued by an apparent【C1】_: Despite what insomnia patients experience subjectively, they

23、 often seem able to【C2】_cognitive tasks as well as people getting adequate sleep. One【C3】_is that insomnia doesn“t lead to【C4】_performance after allmaybe it just feels that way. Using brain imaging technology, researchers【C5】_25 people with insomnia and 25 normal sleepers as they performed an eight-

24、minute working-memory task【C6】_the processing and storing of short-term memory. As the exercises became more difficult, the people who sleep【C7】_had increased activity in parts of the brain【C8】_the insomnia subjects didn“t. And the poor sleepers couldn“t turn off the brain“s “mind wandering“ regions

25、, also known as the “【C9】_mode“ network, located generally【C10】_the brain“s midline. These regions are ordinarily active when a person isn“t【C11】_in goal-directed behavior and they are【C12】_when the person switches to a task. The more the insomnia patients subjectively reported【C13】_and difficulty c

26、oncentrating, and the【C14】_they subjectively reported performing their task, the greater was their【C15】_to turn off the mind wandering regions, as measured by the MRI. “There“s no doubt that what“s going on in the brain could be measured as less【C16】_,“ experts said. More research is needed to under

27、stand how insomnia patients were able to【C17】_and perform the tasks equally well despite the apparent【C18】_in brain activity. The ultimate goal of this kind of research is to【C19】_the environmental and genetic causes of insomnia and develop【C20】_treatments.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.agreementB.att

28、entionC.contradiction D.contact解析：解析：冒号后的内容是对空格内名词进行的解释或说明。上文提到失眠症患者的各种消极的主观感觉(感到困并且很难集中精神、在工作或学校表现中遇到更大的困难)，下文则提及“他们似乎经常能够和那些获得充足睡眠的人一样，能很好地认知任务)”。前后文显得很矛盾，故选 C 项contradiction“矛盾”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.carry out B.qualify forC.insist onD.figure out解析：解析：空格中单词与 task 搭配，结合最后一段的 perform the task equally

29、well。推断空格处填入的词应跟 perform 同义，A 项 carry out“完成”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.decisionB.criticismC.possibility D.tendency解析：解析：上文提及一种很明显的矛盾现象，且下文出现解释性的破折号，其中的 maybe it justfeels that way 是对上文所提现象出现原因的一种推测。故选 C 项 possibility“可能性”，与maybe 相呼应。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.shortB.wickedC.superiorD.inferior 解析：解析：第 1 段虽然提到失眠患者感

30、觉工作力不从心，而第 2 段提到他们能表现得和睡眠好的人一样好。因此推断，失眠不会导致差的表现，故选 D 项 inferior“差的，次的”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.interpretedB.monitored C.selectedD.approved解析：解析：空格所在句的主语是 researchers(研究人员)，空格后的“25 个失眠症患者和 25 个睡眠正常的人”为研究对象，通过“大脑成像技术”来观察研究对象的行为属于 B 项 monitored“监控”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.absorbingB.rejectingC.involving D.releas

31、ing解析：解析：空格处现在分词对 task 的具体内容进行说明，空格后的 the processing and storingof short-term memory 是 task 所包括的内容。故选 C 项 involving“包括，涉及”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.lightlyB.soundly C.frequentlyD.badly解析：解析：本句中，研究者对两组受试者进行测试，the people who sleep和 the insom-nia subjects 是两个并列句的主语。两者要有“对照”作用，因此在语义上应相对，与 the insomniasubjects

32、(患失眠症的实验对象)对应的应为睡眠正常的人，故选 B 项 soundly“酣畅地”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.while B.asC.whenD.even解析：解析：空格前提到 the people whohad increased activity，而空格后为 the insomniasubjects didnt，两者之间的逻辑关系是转折，A 项 while“而，然而”符合要求。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.formalB.default C.manualD.sharing解析：解析：文中 also known as 提示此处 the“_mode”network 与上文

33、提及的 the brains“mind wandering”regions 指同一个事物。因此，答案应为与“mind wandering”regions(”心不在焉”区)相关联的 default mode(出错模式)，故选 B。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.onB.throughC.along D.to解析：解析：从本句的 located generallythe brains midline 看，我们需要填一个可表方位或位置的介词。由于后面所接部位为脑部的 midline(中线)，这不是具体的一个点，而是一条线。故选 C 项along“沿着”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00

34、）A.impairedB.hastenedC.devotedD.engaged 解析：解析：比较 When a person isntin goal-directed behavior 和 when the personswitches to a task，我们发现这两句的结构是类似的，goal-directed behavior 和 task 为近义表达。而且后面的 switch to 有“转向”的意思，这说明前面是没有做一些有目的性的行为。故选 D 项，be engaged in意为“从事”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.suppressed B.activatedC.surp

35、assedD.relaxed解析：解析：本句是一个由 and 连接的并列句。而且上题中我们提到句中的两个 when 引导的从句的情况刚好相反。故推断，它们各自主句中的结果肯定也是相反的。前面提到了 active，那么空格应填入它的反义词，故选 A 项 suppressed“被抑制的”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.lazinessB.sleepiness C.happinessD.depression解析：解析：本文第 1 段第 2 句提到失眠症患者的感觉：很难集中精神、感到困。本句中的difficultyconcentrating 与第 1 段的 have trouble con

36、centrating 对应，因此空格处应跟 they often feelsleepy 对应，故选 B 项 sleepiness“嗜睡”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.betterB.quickerC.greaterD.worse 解析：解析：本文第 1 段第 2 句中 they feel sleepy,have trouble concentrating and report greaterdifficulty with work 提示，失眠症患者完成任务的情况应是“更差”，故选 D 项 worse。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.inability B.ability

37、C.desireD.performance解析：解析：本句和上两句构成“the+比较级”的结构。此处句意为“他们关掉焉区域的会更强”。结合本文第 5 段第 2 句中的 the poor sleepers couldn“t turn off the brain“s“mindwandering”regions(睡眠差的人则无法关闭大脑的“心不在焉”区)，可推断，睡眠不好者无力关掉“心不在焉”区。故选 A 项 inability“无能，无力”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.effectiveB.availableC.efficient D.accessible解析：解析：本题所在句子是对

38、上文所提失眠症患者的各种表现的总结。依据上文的各种提示，如：他们经常感觉很困、很难集中精力、工作或学校表现中遇到更大的困难(第 1 段)，睡眠不好者不能关闭“心不在焉”区(第 5 段)，可推断他们“效率不高”，be less efficient“效率不高”，故选 C 项efficient。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.weakenB.assessC.distinguishD.compensate 解析：解析：上文提及“失眠症患者自我感觉不好”，下文则提及“他们能同样好地完成任务”。由此推断，研究者想弄清楚他们的一些不足是如何被“弥补”的，故选 D 项 compensate“弥补”。

39、(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.breakdownB.disfunction C.discriminationD.distraction解析：解析：空格前的 despite 提示，the apparentin brain activity 与上文 perform thetasks equally well 是相对立的，应是消极的。结合上文提及失眠症患者的“心不在焉”区很难关闭，可知这属于大脑活动的一种机能失常。故选 B 项 disfunction“功能紊乱”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.determine B.suspectC.compromiseD.contribut

40、e解析：解析：治病应该先确定病因，因此研究者们“研发出治疗方法”(developtreatments)的前提条件应该是先“弄清楚”疾病的起因。故选 A 项 determine“查明”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.traditionalB.obsoleteC.nutritiousD.novel 解析：解析：作为研究目的，develop 一treatment 的语义偏向应该是积极的，而且 develop“研发”通常指经过一段时间的努力和积累形成新的结果。综上可知，答案为 D 项 novel“新颖的”。Young people always suffer in recessions.

41、Employers stop【C1】_them because they are easier to sack. But in【C2】_episodes, such as the recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers were also fired. This time is【C3】_. During the financial crisis in 2008, and【C4】_, they have done better than other age groups. Why have older employees b

42、een【C5】_to young people? In some countries they benefit from job protection not【C6】_to younger workers, but that did not really help them in past recessions. What has changed is that firms now【C7】_the full costs of getting rid of older staff. In the past early-retirement schemes made it【C8】_to push

43、grey-haired workers out of the door. These have【C9】_stopped. Older workers are healthier than they used to be and work is less【C10】_demanding. They are also more【C11】_to employers than prior generations. Today“s 55- to 64-year-olds -belong to the post-war baby-boomers who benefited from better educa

44、tion than their【C12】_. Older workers now have a sharper【C13】_to stay in employment because of the impact of the crisis on【C14】_. In Britain, workers who rely on private pensions have been【C15】_affected by lower returns on their investment. Many will argue older workers have done better at the【C16】_o

45、f the young. That view is wrongheaded. Young and old people are【C17】_not substitutes in the workplace. They do different types of work in different types of occupation: younger people gravitate to IT firms,【C18】_older folk tend to be employed in more traditional industries. There are a【C19】_of thing

46、s that should be done to help the young jobless, but【C20】_older workers is not one of them.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.employing B.firingC.commentingD.dismissing解析：解析：上一句提及“年轻人总是在经济衰退中遭受更多苦难”，因此推断此处是表示“年轻人遭受的苦难”。本句的主语是 Employers(雇主)，他们使年轻人遭受苦难的方式无非是解雇他们或不聘用他们，A 项 employing“雇用”符合语境要求，下文的 because 从句“

47、他们更容易被辞退”印证了答案。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.subsequentB.finalC.presentD.preceding 解析：解析：such as 举例对episodes 进行解释说明。根据所举范例：the recessions ofthe 1970s，1980s and 1990s，我们可确定答案应为表示“之前的”的词，D 项 preceding“之前的”符合要求。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.wrongB.dissimilar C.diversifiedD.alike解析：解析：上一句提到“20 世纪 70 一 90 年代发生的历次衰退中，年长的职员也被解雇了”。下文却说“他们(年长的职员)比其他年龄段的人做得要好”。可以看出，这次情况不太一样，故选 B 项 dis-similar“不同的”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.tillB.beforeC.since D.ago解析：解析：本句谓语的时态为现在完成时 have done，说明前面的时间状语应该表示从过去的一个时间点到现在为止，故选 C 项 since“自从”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.superior B.inferiorC.equalD.hostile解析：解析：上文提到“年长员工比其他年龄群的人做