【考研类试卷】考研英语（翻译）-试卷10及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语（翻译）-试卷 10及答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：7，分数：70.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_Every immigrant leads a double life. Every immigrant has

2、 a double identity and a double vision, being suspended between an old and a new home, an old and a new self.【F1】 The very notion of a new home, of course, is in a sense as impossible as the notion of new parents: parents are who they are; home is what it is. Yet home, like parentage, must be legiti

3、mized through love; otherwise, it is only a fact of geography or biology.【F2】 Most immigrants to America found their love of their old homes betrayed: They did not really abandon their countries; their countries abandoned them, and in America, they found the possibility of a new love, the chance to

4、nurture new selves. Not uniformly, not without exceptions. Every generation has its Know-Nothing movement.【F3】 Its understandable fear and hatred of alien invasion is as true today as it always was, but in spite of all this, the American attitude remains unique. Throughout history, exile has been a

5、calamity; America turned it into a triumph and placed its immigrants in the center of a national epic. The epic is possible because America is an idea as much as it is a country.【F4】 America has nothing to do with loyalty to a dynasty and very little to do with loyalty to a particular place, but eve

6、rything to do with loyalty to a set of principles. To immigrants, those principles are especially real because so often they were absent or violated in their native lands. It was no accident in the “60s and 70s, when alienation was in flower, that it often seemed to be “native“ Americans who felt al

7、ienated, while aliens or the children of aliens upheld the native values. “Home is where you are happy.“ Sentimental, perhaps, and certainly not conventionally patriotic, but is appropriate for a country that wrote the pursuit of happiness into its founding document. That pursuit continues for the i

8、mmigrant in America, and it never stops, but it comes to rest at a certain moment.【F5】 The moment occurs perhaps when the immigrant“s double life and double vision converge toward a single state of mind, when the old life, the old home fade into a certain unreality: places one merely visits, practic

9、ing the tourism of memory. It occurs when the immigrant learns his ultimate lesson: above all countries, America, if loved, returns love.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_At this time of year especially, weather is on everyone“s minda

10、nd on everyone“s tongue.【F1】 It is the material for the conversation of board chairman and bored cleaning woman, of young and old, of the bright, the dull, the rich and the poor. As if this basic coin of conversation needed to be gilded, the average American constantly reads about the weather in his

11、 newspapers and magazines, listens to regular forecasts of it on the radio and watches while some TV prophet milks it for cuteness on the evening news. 【F2】 Since the weather is to man what the waters are to fish, his preoccupation with it serves a unique purpose, constituting a social phenomenon al

12、l its own. Far from arising merely to pass the time or bridge a silence, “weathertalk,“ as it might be called, is a sort of code by which people confirm and salute the sense of community they discover in the face of the weather“s implacable influence. Inspired by exceptional weather, otherwise immut

13、able strangers suddenly find themselves in communion. 【F3】 As victims, people hate to cancel a picnic on account of rain, and yet they often cheer when the weather brings human activity to an abrupt stop. Most feel that the weather indeed affects their moods. If man sees the weather differently acco

14、rding to his circumstance, healthy fear works at the hub of his obsession with it. Through human history, weather has altered the march of events and caused some mighty cataclysms. Every year brings fresh reminders of the weather“s power over human life and events in the form of horrifying tornadoes

15、, hurricanes and floods. No wonder, then, that man“s great dream has been some day to control the weather.【F4】 With computers on tap and electronic eyes in the sky, modern man has thus come far in dealing with the weather, alternately his enemy and benefactor, yet man“s difficulty today is not too f

16、ar removed from that of his remote ancestors. For all the advances of scientific forecasting, in spite of the thousands of daily bulletins and advisories that get flashed about, the weather is still ultimately unstable and unpredictable. Man“s dream of controlling it is still just thata dream. The v

17、ery idea of control, in fact, raises enormous and troublesome questions.【F5】 The vision of scheduled weather also raises ambiguous feelings among the world“s billions of weather fans and poses at least one irresistible question: If weather were as predictable as holidays and eclipses, what in the wo

18、rld would everyone talk about?（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_What is making the world so much older? There are two long-term causes and a temporary blip that will continue to show up in the figures for the next few decades.【F1】 The

19、 first of the big causes is that people everywhere are living far longer than they used to, and this trend started with the industrial revolution and has been slowly gathering pace. In 1900 average life expectancy at birth for the world as a whole was only around 30 years, and in rich countries unde

20、r 50. The figures now are 67 and 78 respectively, and still rising. For all the talk about the coming old-age crisis, that is surely something to be grateful for-especially since older people these days also seem to remain healthy, fit and active for much longer. 【F2】 A second, and bigger, cause of

21、the ageing of societies is that people everywhere are having far fewer children, so the younger age groups are much too small to counterbalance the growing number of older people. This trend emerged later than the one for longer lives, first in developed countries and now in poor countries too. In t

22、he early 1970s women across the world were still, on average, having 4.3 children each. The current global average is 2.6, and in rich countries only 1.6.【F3】 The UN predicts that by 2050 the global figure will have dropped to just two, so by mid-century the world“s population will begin to level ou

23、t. The numbers in some developed countries have already started shrinking. Depending on your point of view, that may or may not be a good thing, but it will certainly turn the world into a different place. The temporary blip that has magnified the effects of lower fertility and greater longevity is

24、the baby-boom that arrived in most rich countries after the Second World War.【F4】 The timing varied slightly from place to place, but in Americawhere the effect was strongestit covered roughly the 20 years from 1945, a period when nearly 80 million Americans were born. The first of them are now comi

25、ng up to retirement. For the next 20 years those baby-boomers will be swelling the ranks of pensioners, which will lead to a rapid drop in the working population all over the rich world. As always, the averages mask considerable diversity.【F5】 Most developing countries do not have to worry about age

26、ingyet, in the longer term, however, the same factors as in the rich worldfewer births, longer liveswill cause poorer countries to age too.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_On the all-important question of powerthe efficacy of power,

27、the morality of power, the desirability of powerAmerican and European perspectives are diverging.【F1】 Europe is turning away from power, or to put it a little differently, it is moving beyond power into a self-contained world of laws and rules and transnational negotiation and cooperation. It is ent

28、ering a post-historical paradise of peace and relative prosperity, the realization of Kant“s “Perpetual Peace.“ The United States, meanwhile, remains indulged in history, exercising power in the anarchic(无政府的)Hobbesian world where international laws and rules are unreliable and where true security a

29、nd the defense and promotion of a liberal order still depend on the possession and use of military might.【F2】 That is why on major strategic and international questions today, Americans are from Mars and Europeans are from Venus: They agree on little and understand one another less and less. And thi

30、s state of affairs is not transitorythe product of one American election or one catastrophic event. The reasons for the transatlantic divide are deep, long in development, and likely to endure.【F3】 When it comes to setting national priorities, deteirmining threats, defining challenges, and fashionin

31、g and implementing foreign and defense policies, the United States and Europe have parted ways. Europeans are more conscious of the growing differences, perhaps because they fear them more. European intellectuals are nearly unanimous in the conviction that Americans and Europeans no longer share a c

32、ommon “strategic culture.“ The European caricature at its most extreme depicts America“s warlike temperament the natural product of a violent society.【F4】 But even those who do not make this crude link agree there are profound differences in the way the United States and Europe conduct foreign polic

33、y. The United States, they argue, resorts to force more quickly and, compared with Europe, is less patient with diplomacy. Americans generally see the world divided between good and evil, between friends and enemies, while Europeans see a more complex picture.【F5】 When confronting real or potential

34、adversaries, Americans generally favor policies of coercion rather than persuasion, emphasizing sanctions over inducements to better behavior, the stick over the carrot. Americans tend to seek finality in international affairs: They want problems solved, threats eliminated. And, of course, Americans

35、 increasingly tend toward unilateralism in international affairs. They are less inclined to act through international institutions such as the United Nations, less inclined to work cooperatively with other nations to pursue common goals, more skeptical about international law, and more willing to op

36、erate outside its strictures.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_It was an admission of cultural defeat; but then Hong Kong is nothing if not pragmatic about such things.【F1】 On June 6th its education minister lifted restrictions that f

37、orced four-fifths of the territory“s more than 500 secondary schools to teach in the “mother tongue“, i.e. Cantonese, the main language of its residents. Schools may switch to English, the language of the former colonial oppressor, from next year. This reverses a decade-old policy adopted after Hong

38、 Kong“s reversion to China in 1997, in an assertion of independence from both former and present sovereign powers. Emotion may have played a large role in the decision. But it made some sense. Students speak Cantonese at home, and so using it is the easiest way to impart information and promote disc

39、ussion.【F2】 It is also the first language of most teachers: a study done at the time concluded that schools labeled “English-medium“ were actually teaching in Cantonese but using English-language textbooks. 【F3】 After much bureaucratic rearrangement, 20% of schools were permitted to continue teachin

40、g in English, which may have made sense to teachers and administrators, but not to ambitious parents. They know that their offspring will need English to get ahead. Those who could flee the public system for costly private schools, or for the eight semi-private schools run on the British system, did

41、 so. The rest made extraordinary efforts to enter the minority of English-language schools. They have huge waiting lists; Cantonese ones gaping holes. That helps explain the minister“s change of heart, for which no reason was given.【F4】 So does a survey published last year, which concluded that stud

42、ents from the Cantonese schools did far worse than their peers in getting into universitiesa result that would horrify Hong Kong“s achievement-obsessed parents. And whatever the educators think, employers from coffee bars to banks either require people to be bilingual or pay more to those who are. P

43、rivate schools offering supplementary English tuition have mushroomed. 【F5】 Hong Kong“s educational bureaucracy has devoted much thought to how English could be offered without harming other studies, and without sacrificing a generation of teachers with strong interest in a system based on their first language. The minister has skirted these difficult issues. A much debated but still undisclosed formula will allow an increasing