【考研类试卷】考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编1及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 1及答案解析(总分：42.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：42.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese._能源危机及影响 1991 年英译汉及详解 The fact is that the energy crisis, which has sudde

2、nly been officially announced, has been with us for a long time now, and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not, it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base.【F1】 The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at

3、any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. 【F2】 New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had i

4、n the times past. For an indefinite period from here on, mankind is going to advance cautiously, and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse, there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world“s population is in sight. Although the birth-rate has dropped in s

5、ome nations, including the United States, the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. 【F3】 The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of pr

6、oducing and marketing food. Taking all this into account, what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year 2001? To begin with, the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years even here in the United States. By 2001, the population of the Uni

7、ted States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million, and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths.【F4】 This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the h

8、igh-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by 2001 the United States will no longer be a great food-exporting nation and that, if necessity forces exports, it will be at the price of belt-tightening at home. In fact, as fo

9、od items will tend to decline in quality and decrease in variety, there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives.【F5】 Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accep

10、t more “unnatural food“.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_男性从事“女性”职业 1988 年英译汉及详解 Seated behind the front desk at a New York firm, the receptionist was efficient. Stylishly dressed, the firm“s newest employee had a pleasant telephone

11、voice and a natural charm that put clients at ease. The company was pleased:【F1】 Clearly, this was a person who took considerable pride in personal appearance. David King, the receptionist, is unusual, but by no means unique.【F2】 Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer neces

12、sarily men, all secretaries and receptionists are no longer automatically women. The number of men in women-dominated fields is still small and they haven“t attracted the attention that has often followed women advancing into male-dominated fields, but men are moving into more and more jobs that hav

13、e traditionally been held by women. Strictly speaking, the phenomenon is not new. For the past several decades, men have been quietly entering fields such as nursing, social work and elementary education. But today no job seems off-limits. Men serve coffee in offices and meals on airplanes.【F3】 Thes

14、e changes are helping to influence some of the long-standing traditions about the types of work men and women can dobut they also produce some undeniable problems for the men who are entering those fields formerly dominated by women. What kinds of men venture into these so-called “women“s fields“? A

15、ll kinds.【F4】 “I don“t know of any definite answers I“d be comfortable with,“ explains Joseph Pleck, Ph.D., of the Wellesley College Centre for Research on Women. Sam Ormont, for example, a thirty-year-old nurse at a Boston hospital, went into nursing because the army had trained him as a medical wo

16、rker.【F5】 “I found that work very interesting.“ he recalled, “and when I got out of the service it just seemed natural for me to go into something medical. I wasn“t really interested in becoming a doctor.“ Thirty-five-year-old David King, an out-of-work actor, found a job as a receptionist because h

17、e was having trouble landing roles in Broadway plays and he needed to pay the rent. 【F6】 In other words, men enter “female“ jobs out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity that motivates anyone looking for work. But similarities often end there. Men in female-dominate

18、d jobs are conspicuous. As a group, their work histories differ in most respects from those of their female colleagues, and they are frequently treated differently by the people with whom they are in professional contact. The question naturally arises: Why are there still approximately ninety-nine f

19、emale secretaries for every one male? There is also a more serious issue. Most men don“t want to be receptionists, nurses, secretaries or sewing workers. Put simply, these are not generally considered very masculine jobs.【F7】 To choose such a line of work is to invite ridicule. “There was kidding in

20、 the beginning,“ recalls Ormont. “Kids coming from school ask what I am, and when I say “A nurse,“ they laugh at me. I just smile and say, “You know, there are female doctors, too.“ Still, there are encouraging signs. Years ago, male grade school teachers were as rare as male nurses. Today more than

21、 one elementary school teacher in six is male. 【F8】 Can we anticipate a day when secretaries will be an even mix of men and womenor when the mention of a male nurse will no longer raise eyebrows? It“s probably comingbut not very soon.（分数：16.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4

22、).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_(6).【F6】（分数：2.00）_(7).【F7】（分数：2.00）_(8).【F8】（分数：2.00）_城市对人类生活的重要性及面临的问题 1987 年英译汉及详解 Have there always been cities?【F1】 Life without large urban areas may seem inconceivable to us, but actually cities are relatively recent development. Groups with primitive economic

23、s still manage without them. The trend, however, is for such groups to disappear, while cities are increasingly becoming the dominant mode of man“s social existence.【F2】 Historically, city life has always been among the elements which form a civilization. Any high degree of human endeavor and achiev

24、ement has been closely linked to life in an urban environment.【F3】 It is virtually impossible to imagine that universities, hospitals, large businesses or even science and technology could have come into being without cities to support them. To most people, cities have traditionally been the areas w

25、here there was a concentration of culture as well as of opportunity.【F4】 In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. What has happened to the modern American city? Actually, the problem is not such a new one. Long

26、 before this century started, there had begun a trend toward the concentration of the poor of the American society into the cities. Each great wave of immigration from abroad and from the rural areas made the problem worse. During this century, there has also been the development of large suburban a

27、reas surrounding the cities, for the rich prefer to live in these areas. Within the cities, sections may be sharply divided into high and low rent districts, the “right side of town“ and the slums. Of course, everyone wants to do something about this unhappy situation. But there is no agreement as t

28、o goals. Neither is there any systematic approach or integrated program. Opinions are as diverse as the people who give them.【F5】 But one basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such is to be preserved. Perhaps transportation and the means of communication hav

29、e really made it possible for there to be an end to the big cities. Of course, there is the problem of persuading people to move out of them of their own free will.【F6】 And there is also the objection that the city has always been the core from which cultural advancement has radiated. Is this, howev

30、er, still the case today in the presence of easy transportation and communication? Does culture arise as a result of people living together communally, or is it too the result of decisions made at the level of government and the communications industry? It is probably true to say that most people pr

31、efer to preserve the cities. Some think that the cities could be cleaned up or totally rebuilt. This is easy to say; it would not be so easy to do.【F7】 To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. Living conditions could not help but improve, at least

32、 for a while. But would the problems return after the rebuilding was completed? Nevertheless, with the majority of the people living in urban areas, the problem of the cities must be solved.【F8】 From agreement on this general goal, we have, unfortunately, in the past proceeded to disagreement on spe

33、cific goals, and from there to total inaction. At the basis of much of this inaction is an old-fashioned conceptthe idea human conditions will naturally tend to regulate themselves for the general goal.（分数：16.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00

34、6).【F6】（分数：2.00）_(7).【F7】（分数：2.00）_(8).【F8】（分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 1答案解析(总分：42.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：42.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese._解析：能源危机及影响 199

35、1 年英译汉及详解 The fact is that the energy crisis, which has suddenly been officially announced, has been with us for a long time now, and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not, it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a

36、 base.【F1】 The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. 【F2】 New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever r

37、estore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on, mankind is going to advance cautiously, and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse, there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world“s pop

38、ulation is in sight. Although the birth-rate has dropped in some nations, including the United States, the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. 【F3】 The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, whic

39、h means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account, what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year 2001? To begin with, the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years even

40、here in the United States. By 2001, the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million, and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths.【F4】 This will be particularly true since energy

41、pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by 2001 the United States will no longer be a great food-exporting nation and that, if necessity forces exports, it wi

42、ll be at the price of belt-tightening at home. In fact, as food items will tend to decline in quality and decrease in variety, there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives.【F5】 Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food“.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_