【考研类试卷】考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编2及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 2 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_法律教育对于新闻报道事业的意义 2007 年英译汉及详解 The study of law has b

2、een recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.【F1】 Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyer

3、s, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law. If the study of law is begi

4、nning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.【F2】

5、 On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic

6、judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist“ s intellectual preparation for his or her career. 【F3】 But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen

7、rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be.【F4】 In

8、 fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories. Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of le

9、gal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journal ists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.【F5】 While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgme

10、nts. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_欧洲的电视媒体 2005 年英译汉及详解 It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in

11、 European history. History and news become confused, and one“s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism.【F1】 Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyedand perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in

12、 the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene.【F2】 In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful:

13、groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are goin

14、g to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.【F3】 This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. Moreover, t

15、he integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. 【F4】 Creating a “European identity“ that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is

16、no easy task and demands a strategic choice that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must

17、 concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances nece

18、ssary for production costs.【F5】 In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall“ and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity“. A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.（

19、分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_现代政府依赖专家人才 2000 年英译汉及详解 Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.【F1】 Under modern co

20、nditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 【F2】 Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country“s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and i

21、ndustry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encou

22、rage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of internatio

23、nal projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds. 【F3】 Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new want

24、s and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For e

25、xample,【F4】 in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrializationwith all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followedwas spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect

26、 of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.【F5】 Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movementsthemselves made relatively

27、easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4

28、分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_动物的权利问题 1997 年英译汉及详解 Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start.【F1】 Actually, it isn“t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not

29、have. On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none.【F2】 Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills some

30、body is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some peoplefor instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition,

31、 it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it, how do you reply to somebody who says “I don“t like this contract“? The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.【F3】 It leads the discussion to extre

32、mes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?

33、Many deny it.【F4】 Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistakea sentimental displacement of feeling that should pro

34、perly be directed to other humans. This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical.“ In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoningthe ethical equivalent of learning

35、to crawlis to weigh others“ interests against one“s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy.【F5】 When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind“s instinct for mo

36、ral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 2 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehensi

37、on（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_解析：法律教育对于新闻报道事业的意义 2007 年英译汉及详解 The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in re

38、cent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.【F1】 Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and m

39、ore continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law. If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal direc

40、tly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.【F2】 On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journ

41、alists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a

42、 desirable component of a journalist“ s intellectual preparation for his or her career. 【F3】 But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be.【F4】 In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do