【考研类试卷】考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷87及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 87 及答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：7，分数：70.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/ev

2、olution are in the publishers pipelines. A few have already appeared.【F1】 The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biol

3、ogy have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened.【F2】 Scientific creationism, which is being pushed by some for equal time in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists

4、and the majority of non-fundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard scientific creationism as bad science and bad religion. The first four chapters of Kitchers book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provi

5、des answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating.【F3】 He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When th

6、eir basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior. Kitcher is philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments.【F4】 The non-specialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that suppor

7、t evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: This book stands for reason itself.【F5】 And so it doesand all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.（分数：10

8、.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers? Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. You ha

9、ve sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well? At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990.【F1】 Its a self-examination that has, at vari

10、ous times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992.【F2】 On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the companys m

11、ountainous debt, which will increase to $ 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently. 【F3】 The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him, Levin has consistently defended t

12、he companys rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-Ts violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet.【F4】 The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journ

13、al column, lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We wont retreat in the face of any threats. Levin would not comment on the debate last week

14、, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last months stockholdersmeeting. Levin asserted that music is not the cause of societys ills and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York

15、, who uses rap to communicate with students.【F5】 But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. The 15-

16、member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. “Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,“ says Luce. I think it i

17、s perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made il

18、legal.【F1】 But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big a

19、dvantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman.【F2】 English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet, yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames be

20、ginning with letters between A and K. 【F3】 Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bushs predecessors(including his father)had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking,

21、six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged(Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The world s three top central bankers(Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami)are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanes

22、e characters. As are the world s five richest men(Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht). Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early.【F4】 At the start of the first year in infant school,

23、 teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have

24、 had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly. The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans mo

25、st people are literally having a ZZZ.【F5】 Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分

26、数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_【F1】 The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to i

27、mplement the decision. 【F2】 Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the p

28、rocess of thinking. Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. I

29、senbergs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-le

30、arned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha! expe

31、rience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis.【F3】 Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested

32、by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes

33、 familiar patterns. One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later.【F4】 Analysis is inextricably tied to ac

34、tion in thinking-acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert. 【F5】 Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior

35、managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking-acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the

36、 solution.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_The 21st century is a century of biotech revolution.【F1】 Yet before human beings are able to fully enjoy the fruits of the biotech development, the issue of human cloning arising therefore i

37、s already a problem that no one can evade. In the recent year, some scientists and organizations have made public their intentions to clone human beings. Human cloning is increasingly a reality, rather than a distant fantasy. According to some scientists, there are experiments on human cloning in mo

38、st parts of the world. However, one must realize that human cloning may bring about complicated consequences. Therefore today, most countries, especially those with advanced biotechnology, explicitly ban or severely restrict human cloning. So far, 23 countries have regulations explicitly banning rep

39、roductive cloning.【F2】 Some scientists, doctors and legal experts have even asked the United Nations to seek an advisory opinion from the World Court declaring human cloning to be a crime against humanity. Nevertheless, few can reject the tremendous temptation of what therapeutic cloning can do in c

40、reating transplants and fighting diseases. Therefore, many countries are not so resolute and thorough in banning human embryo cloning. Besides, sufficient animal experiments may serve to remove the technological obstacles on the way to human cloning.【F3】 So technologically speaking, it is quite poin

41、tless just to ban the research on human cloning while allowing the research on animal cloning. It is possible for the cloning technology to bring both benefits and infinite disasters to mankind.【F4】 Technophobia, in its essence, is not the fear of technology itself, but the fear of the people who us

42、e it in a wrong way. The history of human society evolution also tells us that in time of ethic crisis man should access reality with reason. Whether a technology accomplishment is ultimately beneficial to mankind lies in how man approaches and uses it. It is imperative for us to deal with the issue

43、 of human cloning with reason and from a serious and scientific approach.【F5】 We should try to get at a common view through consultation and speed up legislation in this regard to put human cloning under strict regulations from the very beginning. The governments must give full consideration to the potential consequences before they decide whether or not to ban both human cloning and therapeutic cloning. And if therapeutic