【考研类试卷】考研英语（阅读）-试卷50及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 50及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part B（分数：10.00）_You arc going to read a text about negotiating rules for a raise, followed by a list of evidences. Choose the best evidence from the list AF for each numbered

2、 subheading(15). There is one extra evidence which you do not need to use. Although women have certainly made plenty of progress in the workplace over the past three decades, the glass ceiling remains firmly in place at many companiesespecially when it comes to compensation. But some experts now sug

3、gest that the wage imbalance between the sexes could have as much to do with women“s failure to negotiate well as any other factor. So how can womenand men too, for that matter negotiate better deals in the workplace? Miller recently spoke on the topic at a workshop organized by the Advertising Wome

4、n of New York. Here“s a crash course on his findings: 【C1】Show enthusiasm. The most important mistake you can make is to act passive and wait for them to lure you with a fantastic offer. 【C2】Know what you want. You“re trying to get a better job than what you have, not a solution to all your problems

5、. 【C3】Avoid showing your hand. In interviews, many candidates are asked: How much do you earn at your current job? Do you blurt it out? That“s a huge mistakeyou lose a major bargaining tool. So how do you deal with it? Learn to say that it“s not about the money, but rather the job itself that attrac

6、ts you to the company. 【C4】Show why you“re the best fit. Start by knowing that you already have the skills for the job if you get an interview, and that they“ re talking to at least five other people in the same situation as you. What you have to do is to show that you are the perfect match for thei

7、r needs. 【C5】Be on the lookout at all times. Even if you love your current job, it“s always good to have one foot in the marketplace. Network, network, network. Meet folks in the same industry by joining a professional organization and participate in high-visibility activities. Get to know people wh

8、o are in a position to hire you before you“re in a position where you need a job. It“s easier to develop a relationship with people when you don“t need anything from them. Consider joining a social club or working for a charity. It not only helps introduce you to people in your area but also exposes

9、 you to people in other fields that you might be interested in exploring. AIn fact, avoid talking about money until the last leg of the interview process, when they“re ready to make you an offer. Then you“ll know you“re the candidate they want, and the ball is in your court. BSo don“t get too emotio

10、nally attached to the job for which you“re interviewing. Something may seem like a dream job from the outside, but it“s important to remain objective. You should be able to walk away without remorse if they can“t meet what you most want from the job. CIt helps in determining your own worth and can g

11、ive you another tool to negotiate a promotion or raise at your current job. So make sure you keep your ears perked up, albeit discreetly. DDance around the number and ask what they“ve budgeted for the position. If pressed, be prepared with a number that reflects your total current compensation, incl

12、uding all benefits and bonus. EThe car-buying approach with a dealer“I“ll go elsewhere if you won“t give me the best deal“ won“t work with employment. You have to show excitement and enthusiasm and make the employer want you. FAsk the right questions about the culture and the job requirements, and p

13、epper the conversation with what your own expectations are. If it“s a team culture, give examples of situations where you have been a great team player. If the company centers more on individual performance, show how you generate great ideas.（分数：10.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_

14、(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_You arc going to read a list of headings and a text about panic attacks. Choose the most suitable heading from the list AG for each numbered paragraph(15). There are two extra headings which you do not need to use. AWhat is pani

15、c disorder? BDoes it run in families? CHow can I cope? DWhat is the best therapy? EWhat causes a panic attack? FHow to diagnose panic attack? GWhat is a panic attack? It can come out of nowhere. You“re shopping for groceries or buckling your seat belt when suddenly your muscles contract and your hea

16、rt begins to pound. Panic attacks can be both bewildering and terrifying, but they“re not unusual. An estimated 2. 4 million people experience one every year. It may begin as tightness in the chest, shortness of breath or a galloping heartbeat. Many sufferers believe they are having a heart attack a

17、nd rush to the emergency room. Prevalence rates have been on the upswing since the 1950s, although many experts believe what seems like a trend is simply better diagnosis. 1 More than a feeling of anxiety, a panic attack produces distinctive physical symptoms. Each person experiences panic different

18、ly, but most people report intense fear accompanied by bodily sensations that can range from a racing heart to nausea and dizziness. Panic can come on suddenly or slowly and usually lasts no more than 20 minutes at its peak. 2 Scientists believe panic attacks stem from the brain“s “fight or flight“

19、system gone awry, often ignited by stress or a traumatic event. In our high-octane society, that response can kick in with no real threat in sight or after the source of stress is long gone. Research suggests that chronic panic sufferers may be easily flummoxed by their bodily sensations. Someone vu

20、lnerable to panic might interpret a rapid heartbeat as a heart attack. If fear overwhelms her, the symptoms intensify in a vicious cycle. 3 Vulnerability to anxiety may have a biological basis. If a parent or sibling has panic attacks, a person“s risk increases by about sixfold. A Yale study found t

21、hat panic attack sufferers had fewer serotonin receptors in their brains, while other studies suggest those with anxiety may have overly sensitive “suffocation alarm systems“, which delect a shortage of oxygen even under normal conditions. 4 Panic attacks are so frightening that sufferers will do ju

22、st about anything to avoid another. That may mean staying away from situations associated with anxiety. Someone who once panicked on an airplane might decide not to fly. But the fear often extends to other settings; the plane phobic might start to dread cars and buses as well. People with full-blown

23、 panic disorder, in which attacks are a frequent problem, feel constantly vulnerable, which forces them to be vigilant. Only about a third of people who get occasional panic attacks will go on to develop panic disorder. Even though men and women report the attacks with equal frequency, women are twi

24、ce as likely to get the disorder. 5 Antidepressant medication may help alleviate panic. However, cognitive-behavioral therapy may work even better; researchers estimate that up to 80 percent of panic sufferers can be helped by psychotherapy alone. Therapists often treat panic by exposing the patient

25、 to feared settings of increasing intensity. Exposure therapy can also include exposure to the physical sensations of panic spinning clients in circles to make them dizzy, having them inhale carbon dioxide or breathe through a straw or jog to raise their heart rates. Once clients learn that those fe

26、elings do not signal impending doom, they can better withstand panic - and eventually prevent it altogether.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 15, choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the nu

27、mbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Anybody who has ever been inside a supermarket has encountered greater variety in five minutes than Marco Polo was exposed to in a lifetime. Hundreds of breakfast cereals stand across the aisle from as many different

28、cookies, including enough subspecies of chocolate chip to provide the adventurous a new type each day of the month. 1 Had Marco Polo had access to a PathMark or a Safeway, he could have been a world-class explorer without traveling anywhere(for breakfast alone, he could have discovered seven kinds o

29、f Cheerios). 2 Time is only one of many hidden costs of abundance to our society, according to Swarthmore social psychologist Barry Schwartz in his intermittently brilliant sixth book, “The Paradox of Choice“. “As a culture, we are enamored of freedom, self-determination, and variety, and we are rel

30、uctant to give up any of our options,“ he writes with characteristic directness. “Rut clinging tenaciously to all the choices available to us contributes to bad decisions, to anxiety, stress, and dissatisfactioneven to clinical depression. “ 3 Rut, as Schwartz ably documents, we enter an equivalent

31、supermarket of options when deciding where we want to live, for whom we want to work, and even how we want to look. While few have complete autonomy, a combination of technological efficiency and laissez-faire morality have opened more choices to more Americans than ever before. The report that more

32、 Americans are also more unhappy than ever before might simply be a perverse coincidence. 4 Yet, the case Schwartz makes for a correlation between our emotional state and what he calls the “tyranny of choice“ is compelling, the implications disturbing. From unmet expectations to regret over the road

33、 not taken, the perils of living in a multiple-choice society rival in number the variety of snacks in the largest grocery store. Driving this malaise is the problem that “everything suffers from comparison“. Schwartz describes a simple experiment in which people are asked whether they“d rather be g

34、iven $ 100 outright, or gamble on winning $ 200 at the toss of a coin. That the vast majority would prefer the $ 100 may seem strange at first: a 50 percent chance of earning $200 is mathematically equivalent to a 100 percent chance of earning $ 100. Half the people asked ought to opt for the coin t

35、oss. 5 Economists capture this phenomenon in the law of diminishing marginal utility(and provide us the formulae to calculate that, psychologically, we“d need winnings of $240 to be equally tempted by the coin toss). How, though, does this asymmetry relate to real-life choices? If losses subjectivel

36、y weigh more heavily than gains, the advantages of any chocolate chip cookie or career path we select will count for less than those of the options we pass up. AWith so many options to choose from, the poor man would scarcely have had time to get out of town. BWe may even question the statistics: as

37、 the social stigma associated with depression decreases, people may be more open about their listlessness. They may even feel encouraged to consider themselves depressed as the subject receives so much attention in the media. CWhat are we to do? Schwartz thinks he has some answers. However, while sh

38、rewdly avoiding the age-old call to turn back the hands of time, he stumbles instead headlong into the abyss of gratuitous self-help. DHowever, the alternatives are not psychologically equivalent; Getting twice the money is not twice as pleasurable. The distance between zero and 100 is subjectively

39、greater than the distance between 100 and 200. ERut that“s just the start: The average grocery store stocks 30,000 distinct items, of which 20,000 are unceremoniously dumped and replaced annually. FSchwartz“s mistake is to assume that we need answers, an abundance of them, and that such solutions ca

40、n be produced and consumed as easily as breakfast cereals. GWere life limited to shopping for chocolate chip cookies and Cheerios, such a claim might seem exaggerated, if not absurd.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 15

41、, choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. During the past decade, the United States and Russia have joined in a number of efforts to reduce the danger posed by the enormous quantity of

42、weapons-usable material withdrawn from nuclear weapons. Other countries and various private groups have assisted in this task. 1 These risks fall into three classes: the risk that some fraction, be it large or small, of the inventories of nuclear weapons held by eight countries will be detonated eit

43、her by accident or deliberately; the risk that nuclear weapons technology will diffuse to additional nations; and the risk that nuclear weapons will reach the hands of terrorist individuals or groups. 2 Indeed, success in containing these risks would fly in the face of historical precedent. All new

44、technologies have become dual-use, in that they have been used both to improve the human condition and as tools in military conflict. Moreover, all new technologies have, in time, spread around the globe. But this precedent must be broken with respect to the release of nuclear technology. 3 Since th

45、e end of the Cold War, the likelihood that one or another country would deliberately use nuclear weapons has indeed lessened, although the consequences of such use would be enormous. Therefore, this risk has by no means disappeared. In particular, nuclear weapons might be used in a regional conflict

46、, such as between India and Pakistan. 4All other nations of the world have joined the treaty as “Non-Nuclear Weapons States“,but one country(North Korea)has withdrawn. Some countriespresumed to include Iran and. until the ouster of Saddam Hussein, Iraqmaintain ambitions to gain nuclear weapons. A mu

47、ch larger number of countries have pursued nuclear weapons programs in the past but have been persuaded to abandon them. 5In order to decrease the discriminatory nature of the agreement, the nations possessing nuclear weapons are obligated to assist other nations in the peaceful applications of nucl

48、ear energy. And, most important of all, the Nuclear Weapons States have agreed to reduce the role of nuclear weapons in international relations and to work in good faith toward their elimination. It is in respect to this latter obligation that the United States has been most deficient. In fact, the current Bush administration“s recent Nuclear Posture Review projects an indefinite need for many thousands of nu