【考研类试卷】中医综合-中医基础理论(三)及答案解析.doc

1、中医综合-中医基础理论(三)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)German Chancellor Angela Merkel won over German voters in the Federal Election on Sept. 27. Can she now be won over by a French charm offensive (1) at repairing the relationship that was once at the heart of Europe? Thats t

2、he question being asked in Paris, (2) top government officials are (3) talking about their desire to rekindle closer ties (4) their neighbors across the Rhine. (5) the end of World War II the Franco-German relationship has been the motor of European integration, the (6) force behind the creation of

3、the European Union and, more recently, the introduction of the euro. But the ardor has (7) in this decade, particularly under Merkel, who has regularly struggled to (8) her irritation with French President Nicolas Sarkozys grandstanding. Sarkozy, (9) , has often been impatient with what he (10) Merk

4、els lack of resolve. The sometimes (11) personal rapport is a long way from the public shows of affection their predecessors staged, particularly Helmut Kohl and FranCois Mitterrand, who movingly held (12) in 1984 in a Verdun cemetery. Theres been tension on (13) , too. Charles Grant, director of th

5、e London-based think tank Centre for European Reform, points out that France and Germany have been (14) on issues from how best to reflate their economies during the economic (15) to the smartest strategies for dealing with Russia. But influential movers in France are now (16) to put the relationshi

6、p back on a friendlier footing. In a recent paper French think tank Institute Montaigne (17) an ambitious agenda for the two nations, (18) that a new impetus is needed if Europes voice is to be heard in a world (19) of big new players, such as Brazil and India, and at a time when President Obama see

7、ms fax more (20) with China and the rest of Asia than with Americas traditional allies in Europe.（分数：10.00）(1).A conducted B struck C intended D aimed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A which B that C where D when（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A confidentially B openly C zealously D conservatively（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A to

8、wards B with C against D off（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A Since B Before C At D For（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A armed B interruptive C influential D driving（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A deteriorated B aggravated C moderated D cooled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A recover B discover C conceal D reveal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A on th

9、e whole B in turn C on the other hand D on the contrary（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A constructs B convinces C conceals D considers（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A sound B harmonious C tense D hostile（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A conferences B hands C opportunities D prejudices（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A principle B business

10、 C cooperation D policy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A at the cost B at peace C at odds D at a loss（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A danger B war C crisis D time（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A eager B delighted C worried D reluctant（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A turned out B laid out C made out D gave out（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A agr

11、eeing B criticizing C arguing D opposing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A filled B lack C void D full（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A stimulated B preoccupied C concentrated D accustomed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The unknown pervades the universe.

12、 That which people can see, with the aid of various sorts of telescope, accounts for just 4% of the total mass. The rest, however, must exist. Without it, galaxies would not survive and the universe would not be gently expanding, as witnessed by astronomers. What exactly constitutes this dark matter

13、 and dark energy remains mysterious, but physicists have recently uncovered some more clues, about the former, at least.One possible explanation for dark matter is a group of subatomic particles called neutrinos. Neutrinos are thought to be the most abundant particles in the universe. According to t

14、he Standard Model, the most successful description of particle physics to date, neutrinos come in three varieties, called “flavors“. Again, according to the Standard Model, they are point-like, electrically neutral and massless. But in recent years, this view has been challenged, as physicists reali

15、zed that neutrinos might have mass.The first strong evidence came in 1998, when researchers at an experiment, based in Japan, showed that muon neutrinos produced by cosmic rays hitting the upper atmosphere had gone missing by the time they should have reached an underground detector. Its operators s

16、uspect that the missing muon neutrinos had changed flavor, becoming electron neutrinos or-more likely-tau neutrinos. Theo- ry suggests that this process, called oscillation, can happen only if neutrinos have mass.Over the coming months and years, researchers hope to produce the most accurate measure

17、ments yet. The researchers created a beam of muon neutrinos first. On the other side of the target sat a particle detector that monitored the number of muon neutrinos leaving. The neutrinos then travelled 750km (450 miles) through the Earth to a detector in a former iron mine in Soudan, Minnesota. R

18、esearchers then were able to confirm that a significant number of muon neutrinos had disappeared-that is, they had changed flavor. While their mass is so small that neutrinos cannot be the sole constituent of dark matter, they have an advantage in that they are at least known to exist.The same canno

19、t be said for sure of another possible form of dark matter being studied by a group of physicists in Italy. If the result continues to withstand scrutiny, it would appear to be evidence for an exotic new sort of fundamental particle, known as an axion, which could also be a type of dark matter.（分数：1

20、0.00）(1).What does the word “pervades“(Line 1, Para. 1) mean?A Be of higher rank or authority.B To spread through the whole extent of.C To gain the victory or superiority.D To make something come true.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What aspect about neutrinos has been questioned in recent years?A Neutrinos ar

21、e in the shape of points.B There are altogether three different varieties of Neutrinos.C Neutrinos do not have any mass.D Neutrinos are the most abundant particles in the universe.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How should we understand the process of oscillation?A Cosmic rays are used to produce muon neutrino

22、s.B Muon neutrinos went missing during experiments.C Cosmic rays hit the upper atmosphere.D One flavor of neutrinos is changed into another one.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which one of the following is NOT true about the experiment mentioned in Paragraph 4 ?A It can be used to confirm previous suspects abo

23、ut neutrinos.B The number of muon neutrinos changed in the process of the experiment.C A more accurate number can be put on the mass of neutrinos based on this experiment.D The result of the experiment contradicts that in 1998.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which one of the following statements is true about

24、axion?A It is known for sure to exist although not enough evidence is available.B It is another possible constituent of dark matter.C The search for hypothetical particle has failed so far.D If successful, experiment will prove it to be the sole form of dark matter.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数

25、：10.00)It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comm

26、ents received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internetand pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why comm

27、ercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to itis making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by

28、John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge an

29、d the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $ 7 billion and $ 11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical

30、Publishers says that there are more than 2 000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16 000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business m

31、odels are emerging; three main ones were identified by the reports authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically sup- ported by asking the

32、 author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published: Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where.

33、journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer- review process, at least for the publication of papers.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the autho

34、r discussesA the background information of journal editing.B the publication routine of laboratory reports.C the relations of authors with journal publishers.D the traditional process of journal publication.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is true of the OECD report?A It criticizes govern

35、ment-funded research.B It introduces an effective means of publication.C It upsets profit-making journal publishers.D It benefits scientific research considerably.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, online publication is significant in thatA it provides an easier access to scientific results

36、.B it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.C it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge. D it facilitates public investment in scientific research.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required toA cover the cost of its publication.

37、B subscribe to the journal publishing it.C allow other online journals to use it freely.D complete the peer-review before submission.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following best summarizes the text?A The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.B A new mode of publication is emerging.C Authors

38、welcome the pew channel for publication.D Publication is rendered easier by online service.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)AMERICAS central bank sent a clear message this week. For the second consecutive meeting, the Federal Open Market Committee, the central banks policy-making committee,

39、left short-term interest rates unchanged at 1.75%. But it said that the risks facing the economy had shifted from economic weakness to a balance between weakness and excessive growth. This shift surprised no one. But it has convinced many people that interest rates are set to rise again-and soon.Jud

40、ging by prices in futures markets, investors are betting that short-term interest rates could start rising as early as May, and will be 1.25 percentage points higher by the end of the year. That may be excessive. Economists at Goldman Sachs, who long argued that the central bank would do nothing thi

41、s year, now expect short-term rates to go up only 0.75% this year, starting in June. But virtually everyone reckons some Fed tightening is in the offing.The reason? After an unprecedented 11 rate-cuts in 2001, short-term interest rates are abnormally low. As the signs of robust recovery multiply, an

42、alysts expect the Fed to take back some of the rate-cuts it used as an “insurance policy“ after the September 11th terrorist attack. They think there will be a gradual move from the Feds current “accommodative“ monetary stance to a more neutral policy. And a neutral policy, many argue, ultimately im

43、plies short-term interest rates of around 4%.Logical enough. But higher rates could still be further off, particularly if the recovery proves less robust than many hope. Certainly, recent economic indicators have been extraordinarily strong, unemployment fell for the second consecutive month in Febr

44、uary and industrial production rose in both January and February. The manufacturing sector is growing after 18 months of decline. The most optimistic Wall Streeters now expect GDP to have expanded by between 5% and 6% on an annual basis in the first quarter.But one strong quarter does not imply a su

45、stainable recovery. In the short term, the bounce-back is being driven by a dramatic restocking of inventories. But it can be sustained only if corporate investment recovers and consumer spending stays buoyant. With plenty of slack capacity around and many firms stuck with huge debts and lousy profi

46、ts, it is hard to see where surging investment will come from. And, despite falling unemployment, Americas consumers could disappoint the bulls.These uncertainties alone suggest the central bank will be cautious about raising interest rates. Indeed, given the huge pressure on corporate profits, the

47、Federal Reserve might be happy to see consumer prices rise slightly. In short, while Wall Street frets about when and how much interest rates will go up. The answer may well be not soon and not much.（分数：10.00）(1).The purpose of the author in writing this text is toA interpret the message from the ce

48、ntral bank.B justify the rise of short-term interest rates.C illustrate what is weakness and undue growth.D contrast different views on economic indices.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How does everyone feel about the message given by Americas central bank?A Encouraged.B Panicked.C Confused.D Misguided.（分数：2.0

49、0）A.B.C.D.(3).The phrase “current accommodative monetary stance“ (Para. 3) denotesA “optimal.“B “excessive.“C “logical.“D “prudent./（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Despite signs of strong economic recovery, American companies are still pressed forA tremendous debts.B considerable profits.C soaring investment.D exces