【考研类试卷】中医综合-中医基础理论(十)及答案解析.doc

1、中医综合-中医基础理论(十)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Whats your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom (1) events much earlier than the year or so before entering s

2、chool, (2) children younger than three or four (3) retain any specific, personal experiences.A variety of explanations have been (4) by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia“. One argues that the hippo-campus, the region of the brain which is (5) for forming memories, does not mature until about

3、 the age of two. But the most popular theory (6) that, since adults dont think like children, they cannot (7) childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8) one event follows (9) as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental (10) for ear

4、ly childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find any that fit the (11) Its like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new (12) for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply arent any

5、 early childhood memories to (13) . According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone elses spoken description of their personal (14) in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten (15) of them into long term memories. In other (16) , children have to talk about their experienc

6、es and hear others talk about (17) Mother talking about the afternoon (18) looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this (19) reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form (20) memories of their personal experiences.（分数：10.00）(1).A figure B i

7、nterpret C recall D affirm（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A now that B even if C as though D just as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A largely B rarely C merely D really（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A refuted B defied C proposed D witnessed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A responsible B suitable C favorable D available（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A

8、declines B assesses C estimates D maintains（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A reflect B attain C access D acquire（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A narratives B forecasts C communications D descriptions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A the rest B another C the other D others（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A deposits B dreams C flashes D files（

9、分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A model B pattern C frame D formula（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A emphasis B assertion C explanation D assumption（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A recall B remember C reflect D respond（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A instincts B feelings C sensations D experiences（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A impressions B bel

10、iefs C minds D insights（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A senses B cases C words D aspects（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A him B their C it D them（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A taken B utilized C applied D spent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A habitual B verbal C unique D particular（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A permanent B mental C spiritua

11、l D conscious（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)On a weekday night this January, thousands of flag-waving youths packed Olaya Street, Riyadhs main shopping strip, to cheer a memorable Saudi victory in the GCC Cup football final. One car

12、 rock music blaring from its stereo, squealed to a stop, blocking an intersection. The passengers leapt out, clambered on to the roof and danced wildly in front of the honking crowd. Having paralyzed the traffic across half the city, they sped off before the police could catch them.Such public occa

13、sion was once unthinkable in the rigid conformist kingdom, but now young people there and in other Gulf states are increasingly willing to challenge authority. That does not make them rebels: respect for elders, for religious duty and for maintaining family bonds remain pre-eminent values, and prema

14、rital sex is generally out of the question. Yet demography is beginning to put pressure on ultra-conservative norms.After all, 60% of the Gulfs native population is under the age of 25. With many more of its citizens in school than in the workforce, the region faces at least a generation of rocketin

15、g demand for employment. In every single GCC country the native workforce will double by 2020. In Saudi Arabia it will grow from 3.3m now to over 8m. The task of managing this surge would be daunting enough for any society, but is particularly forbidding in this region, for several reasons.The first

16、 is that the Gulf suffers from a lopsided labor structure. This goes back to the 1970s, when ballooning oil incomes allowed governments to import millions of foreign workers and to dispense cozy jobs to the locals. The result is a two-tier workforce, with outsiders working mostly in the private sect

17、or and natives monopolizing the state bureaucracy. Private firms are as productive as any. But within the government, claims one study, workers are worth only a quarter of what they get paid.Similarly, in the education sector, 30 years spent keeping pace with soaring student numbers has taken a heav

18、y toll on standards. The Saudi school system, for instance, today has to cope with 5m students, eight times more than in 1970. And many Gulf countries adapted their curricula from Egyptian models that are now thoroughly discredited. They continue to favor rote learning of “facts“ intended to instill

19、 patriotism or religious values.Even worse, the system as a whole discourages intellectual curiosity. It channels students into acquiring prestige degrees rather than gaining marketable skills. Of the 120, 000 graduates that Saudi universities produced between 1995 and 1999, only 10,000 had studied

20、technical subjects such as architecture or engineering. They accounted for only 2% of the total number of Saudis entering the job market.（分数：10.00）(1).The wild behavior of young people depicted in the first paragraph is intended toA to spotlight their social problems.B to introduce the change of Sau

21、di youths.C to criticize their conformist image.D to appreciate rebels against social values.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The basic problem of people pressure facing the Saudi authority lies inA expanding workforce.B exploding population.C practical intelligence.D intellectual curiosity.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3)

22、The word “lopsided“ (Paragraph 4) most probably meansA Detrimental.B Unappealing.C Harmonious.D Unbalanced.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the author, the Saudi education system is characterized by its excessive emphasis onA technical creativity.B intellectual cognition.C conservative values.D no

23、nconformist images.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the section following this text most likely to deal with?A The lower proportion of local youths in the workforce.B More restrictions placed on the private firms in Saudi.C Another reason for the difficulty in managing people pressure.D The commitment t

24、o motivating youth participation in the task.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Roger Rosenblatts book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, critic

25、ism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addison Gayles recent work, for example, judges the value of Black Fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds. Although fiction assuredly sp

26、rings from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatts literary analysis discloses affinities and connections amon

27、g works of Black Fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored. Writing acceptable criticism of Black Fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial identity of the authors, to

28、group together works by Black authors? Second, how does Black Fiction make itself distinct from other modem fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous? Rosenblatt shows that Black Fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at n

29、ovels written by Black over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology. These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly white culture, whether

30、they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it. Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatts thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity ; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works - yet his reluctance seems

31、misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black no

32、vels, like Jean Toomers Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression? In spite of such omissions, what Ros

33、enblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnsons Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly con

34、structed, and its forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism. （分数：10.00）(1).The author of the text is primarily concerned with A evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism B comparing various critical approaches to a subject C discussing the limitations of a parti

35、cular kind of criticism D summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author of the text believes that Black Fiction would have been improved had Rosenblatt A evaluated more carefully the ideological and historical aspects of Black Fiction B attempted to be more

36、objective in his approach to novels and stories by Black authors C explored in greater detail the recurrent thematic concerns of Black Fiction throughout its history D assessed the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzes thematically（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The authors discussion of Black Fict

37、ion can be best described as_. A pedantic and contentious B critical but admiring C ironic and deprecating D argumentative but unfocused（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author of the text employs all of the following in the discussion of Rosenblatts book EXCEPT_. A rhetorical questions B specific examples C

38、 comparison and contrast D definition of terms（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author of the text refers to James Weldon Johnsons Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man most probably in order to_. A point out affinities between Rosenblatts method of thematic analysis and earlier criticism B clarify the point ab

39、out expressionistic style made earlier in the passage C qualify the assessment of Rosenblatts book made in the first paragraph of the passage D give a specific example of one of the accomplishments of Rosenblatts work（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most of the people who appear most often a

40、nd most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manure

41、d a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries a

42、re those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good,

43、 but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently-this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done-is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ou

44、ght to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to

45、war means; it means saying that might is right.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or mutilated. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in

46、the streets-while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life-nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. Fr

47、om the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months old. Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in the form of jellyfish and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been me

48、n for only one million years, and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the outside. These figures are difficult to grasp; so let us scale them down. Suppose that we reckon the whole past of living creatures on the earth as one hundred years; then the whole past of man work

49、s out at about one month, and during that month there have been civilizations for between seven and eight hours. So you see there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better. Taking mans civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future, that