【考研类试卷】中医综合-中药学(一)及答案解析.doc

1、中医综合-中药学(一)及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)With the spread of inter-active electronic media a man alone in his own home will never have been so well placed to fill the inexplicable mental space between cradle and crematorium. So I suspect that books will be pushed more

2、and more into those moments of travel or difficult defecation (1) people still dont quite know what to do with.When people do read, I think theyll want to feel they are reading literature, or (2) something serious. (3) youre going to find fewer books presenting themselves as no- nonsense and (4) ass

3、uming literary pretensions and being packaged as works of art. We can expect an extraordinary variety of genre, but with an underlying (5) of sentiment and vision.Translators can only (6) from this desire for the presumably sophisticated. We can look forward to lots of difficult names and fantastic

4、stories of foreign parts enthusiastically (7) by the overall worship of the “global village“ Much of this will be awful and some wonderful, (8) dont expect the press or the organizers of prizes to offer you much help in making the appropriate distinctions. They will be chiefly (9) in creating celebr

5、ity, the greatest enemy of discrimination, but a good prop for the (10) consumer.Every ethnic grouping over the world will have to be seen to have a great writer-a phenomenon that will (11) a new kind of provincialism, more chronological than geographic, (12) only the strictly contemporary is talked

6、 about and (13) . Universities, including Cambridge, will include (14) their literature syllabus novels written only last year. (15) occasional exhumation for the Nobel, the achievements of ten or only five years ago will be largely forgotten.In short, you cant go too far wrong when predicting more

7、of the same. But there is a (16) side to this-the inevitable reaction against it. The practical things I would like to see happen-publishers seeking less to (17) celebrity through extravagant advertising, (18) and magazines (19) space to reflective pieces-are rather more improbable than the Second C

8、oming (耶稣复临). But dullness never quite darkens the whole planet. In their own idiosyncratic fashion a few writers will (20) be looking for new departures.（分数：10.00）(1).A when B that C which D where（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A in particular B in general C at least D by contrast（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A So B Y

9、et C Once D Since（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A fewer B more C less D much（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A variety B mechanism C monotone D conformity（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A benefit B derive C differ D deviate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A contaminated B contained C sustained D maintained（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A but B so C for

10、D as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A dedicated B concerned C engaged D preoccupied（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A devoted B confused C sensible D isolated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A lead to B point to C come to D turn to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A which B where C when D what（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A admired B admitted C abdica

11、ted D adhered（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A at B in C on D for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A Given B Considering C Barring D Concerning（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A negative B positive C paradoxical D controversial（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A prevent B explore C prohibit D generate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A newspapers B books

12、C media D periodicals（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A gives B giving C to give D give（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A always B never C seldom D hardly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Placing a human being behind the wheel of an automobile often has the

13、 same curious effect as cutting certain fibres in the brain.The result in either case is more primitive behaviour. Hostile feelings are apt to be expressed in an aggressive way.The same man who will step aside for a stranger at a doorway will, when behind the wheel, risk an accident trying to beat a

14、nother motorist through an intersection. The importance of emotional factors in automobile accidents is gaining recognition. Doctors and other scientists have concluded that the highway death toll resembles an epidemic and should be investigated as such.Dr. Ross A. McFarland, Associate Professor of

15、Industrial Hygiene at the Harvard University School of Public Health, said that accidents “now constitute a greater threat to the safety of large segments of the population than diseases do. ”Accidents are the leading cause of death between the ages of 1 and 35. About one third of all accidental dea

16、ths and one seventh of all accidental injuries are caused by motor vehicles.Based on the present rate of vehicle registration, unless the accident rate is cut in half, one of every 10 persons in the country will be killed or injured in a traffic accident in the next 15 years.Research to find the und

17、erlying causes of accidents and to develop ways to detect drivers who are apt to cause them is being conducted at universities and medical centres. Here are some of their findings so far:A man drives as he lives. If he is often in trouble with collection agencies, the courts, and police, chances are

18、 he will have repeated automobile accidents. Accident repeaters usually are egocentric, exhibitionistic, resentful of authority, impulsive, and lacking in social responsibility. As group, they can be classified as borderline psychopathic personalities, according to Dr. McFarland.The suspicion, howev

19、er, that accident repeaters could be detected in advance by screening out persons with more hostile impulses is false. A study at the University of Colorado showed that there were just as many overly hostile persons among those who had no accidents as among those with repeated accidents.Psychologist

20、s currently are studying Denver high school pupils to test the validity of this concept. They are making psychological evaluations of the pupils to see whether subsequent driving records will bear out their thesis.（分数：10.00）(1).The author believes that, behind the wheel of an automobile, some people

21、 actA as though they were uncivilized.B as though they should change their attitudes from hostility to amicability.C as though their brain fibres needed cutting.D as though they wanted to repress hostile feelings.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).By saying “The same man .will .risk an accident .”(Line 1-2, Para.

22、 3), the author means thatA a gentle man can change into a rude driver.B its difficult for a driver to control himself when behind the wheel of an automobile.C to drive has been a way for some drivers to express their hostile feelings.D the emotional factors have been the leading cause of automobile

23、 accidents.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Dr. McFarland emphasizes the great menace of accidents by comparing it toA psychopathic behaviour. B an epidemic.C hostile attitudes. D antisocial behaviour.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is true about the traffic accidents?A They have threatened the safe

24、ty of the population as diseases do.B They will claim 10 percent lives in the next 15 years.C One third of victims in them are dead in the end.D The underlying causes of them are still being detected.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the text, studies at leading universities have shown thatA acciden

25、t repeaters can be detected in advance.B accident repeaters are in trouble with collection agencies.C accident repeaters cannot be discovered on the basis of generally hostile attitudes.D accident repeaters drive entirely differently from the way they usually live.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：

26、10.00)As any diplomat from Britain, Austria or Turkey can tell you, handling the legacy of a vanished, far-flung empire is a tricky business. But for Georgia, the gap between old glory and present vulnerability is especially wide.Todays Georgia is diminished by war, buffeted by geopolitics and recov

27、ering from post-Soviet chaos. But 800 years ago the country was a mighty military, cultural and ecclesiastical force. Its greatest monarch, Queen Tamara, defeated many foes (including her first husband) and built fine monuments. In her time, Georgia also had a big stake in the Christian life of the

28、Holy Land. From Jerusalem to the Balkans, Georgias priests, artists and church-builders were active and respected. So too were its poets, like Shota Rustaveli, the national bard who dedicated an epic to his beloved queen.In between seeking western aid and coping with power cuts, modern Georgia has p

29、ledged to keep a wary eye on every place where churches, inscriptions and frescoes testify to its golden age. That includes Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania and above all, Israel. Last year, Georgians were enraged when a fresco of Rustaveli, in a Jerusalem church under the care of the Greek Orthodo

30、x Patriarchate, was defaced, then badly restored. This year, a better restoration was done, but Georgians now want a promise that in all future restoration their own experts can take part. They also want to stop the seepage of Georgian frescoes and icons, supposedly under the Patriarchates care, on

31、to the art market. Several times, Georgia has had to use its meagre resources to buy back pieces of the national heritage. The hope is that things will improve with the recent election of a new Jerusalem Patriarch, after his predecessor was ousted under a cloud of scandal.Georgias ties with Israel a

32、re good, thanks to a thriving Georgian-Jewish community with happy memories of its homeland. Georgia also gets along with Greece, amid a fug of sentimentality over legends about the Argonauts that link the two nations. But can these warm, fuzzy feelings translate into better protection for an ancien

33、t culture? That will be a challenge for Geld Bezhuashvili, who succeeds Salome Zourabichvili, the French-born diplomat who was sacked, after a power struggle, as Georgian foreign minister on October 19th.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “tricky“ in the first paragraph of the text denotes _.A deceptive B craft

34、y C tough D tacit（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, Georgia used to be influential in _.A religion B agronomy C medicine D horticulture（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Romania is mentioned in the text to _.A illustrate a fresco of RustaveliB demonstrate the western aid Georgia obtainedC indicate Georgi

35、as golden ageD specify the scope of Georgias lookout（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the text that the prospect of Georgias heritage protection _.A is to be a power struggle B is liable to become betterC is to be a cloud of scandal D is likely to become active and respected（分数：2.00）A.B.C

36、.D.(5).The authors attitude toward the transformation mentioned in the last paragraph is _.A affirmative B critical C negative D cautious（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The first big-name hackers include Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds, all now highly recognizable names behind

37、many of the computer technologies used today. These early hackers had a love of technology and a compelling need to know how it all worked, and their goal was to push programs beyond what they were designed to do. Back then, the word “hacker“ didnt have the negative connotation it has today. The ori

38、ginal hacker ethic, rooted out of simple curiosity and a need to be challenged, appears to be dead.The objectives of early hackers are a far cry from the goals of todays hacker. The motivation of the new breed of hackers appears not to be curiosity, or a hunger for knowledge, as it used to be. Inste

39、ad, most of todays hackers are driven by greed, power, revenge, or some other malicious intent, treating hacking as a game or sport, employing the tools that are readily available via the Internet.The rate of security attacks is actually outpacing the growth of the Internet. This means that somethin

40、g besides the growth of the Internet is driving the rise in security attacks. Here are some realities you should know about: Operating systems and applications will never be secure. New vulnerabilities will be introduced into your environment every day. And even if you ever do get one operating syst

41、em secure, there will be new operating systems with new vulnerabilitiesphones, wireless devices, and network appliances. Employees will never keep up with security polices and awareness. It doesnt matter how much you train and educate your employees. If your employees disregard warnings about the ha

42、zards of opening questionable email attachments, how are you going to educate them about properly configuring firewalls and intrusion detection systems for their PCs? Managers have more responsibility than ever. And on top of the realities listed above, security managers are being asked to support i

43、ncreasing degrees of network availability and access.There are some good security measures you can take: Employ a layer 7, full-inspection firewall. Automatically update your anti-virus at the gateway, server and client. Keep all of your systems and applications updated. Hackers commonly break into

44、a Web site through known security holes, so make sure your servers and applications are patched and up to date. Turn off unnecessary network services. Eliminate all unneeded programs. Scan network for common backdoor services-Use intrusion detection systems, vulnerability scans, anti virus protectio

45、n.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements of Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds is TRUE?A They are all good examples of todays computer users.B They are driven by greed, power, revenge, or some other malicious intent.C Their goal is to push programs beyond what they are designed to

46、 do.D They are all dead.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The underlined word “hacker“ (Para. 1) most probably means“_“.A highly recognizable names behind many of the computer technologies used todayB the negative connotation of those computer usersC a game, employing the tools that are readily available via the

47、 InternetD people who break into computer systems（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is NOT true of security attacks?A Employees will keep Up with security polices and awareness if they are highly-trained.B The rate of security attacks appears faster than the growth of the Internet.C Ones co

48、mputer system will never be secure.D Vulnerabilities can go through phones, wireless devices, and network appliances.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the most important one among the realities listed?A New vulnerabilities will be introduced into your environment every day.B If employees disregard warnings about the hazards of opening questionable email attachments, the manager should educate them about properly Configuring firewalls and intrusion detection systems for their PCs.C Managers have more responsibility than ever.D Security managers are asked to support in