【考研类试卷】中医综合-中药学(七)及答案解析.doc

1、中医综合-中药学(七)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Whats your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom (1) events much earlier than the year or so before entering scho

2、ol, (2) children younger than three or four (3) retain any specific, personal experiences.A variety of explanations have been (4) by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia“. One argues that the hippo-campus; the region of the brain which is (5) for forming memories, does not mature until about th

3、e age of two. But the most popular theory (6) that, since adults dont think like children, they cannot (7) childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8) one event follows (9) as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental (10) for early

4、childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find any that fit the (11) . Its like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new (12) for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply arent any

5、early childhood memories to (13) . According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone elses spoken description of their personal (14) in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten (15) of them into long-term memories. In other (16) , children have to talk about their experience

6、s and hear others talk about (17) -Mother talking about the afternoon (18) looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this (19) reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form (20) memories of their personal experiences.Notes: childhood amnesia 儿

7、童失忆症。（分数：10.00）(1).A figure B interpret C recall D affirm（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A now that B even if C as though D just as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A largely B rarely C merely D really（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A refuted B defied C proposed D witnessed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A responsible B suitable C favorable D a

8、vailable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A declines B assesses C estimates D maintains（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A reflect B attain C access D acquire（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A narratives B forecasts C communications D descriptions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A the rest B another C the other D others（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A depos

9、its B dreams C flashes D files（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A model B pattern C frame D formula（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A emphasis B assertion C explanation D assumption（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A recall B remember C reflect D respond（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A instincts B feelings C sensations D experiences（分数：0.50）A

10、.B.C.D.(15).A impressions B beliefs C minds D insights（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A senses B cases C words D aspects（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A him B their C it D them（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A taken B utilized C applied D spent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A habitual B verbal C unique D particular（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).

11、A permanent B mental C spiritual D conscious（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Every newborn baby is dealt a hand of cards which helps to determine how long he or she will be allowed to play the game of life. Good cards will help those

12、who have them to have a long and healthy existence, while bad cards will bring to those who have them terrible diseases like high blood pressure and heart disease. Occasionally, cards are dealt out that doom their holders to an early death. In the past, people never knew exactly which cards they had

13、 been dealt. They could guess at the future only by looking at the kind of health problems experienced by their parents or grandparents.Genetic testing, which makes it possible to find dangerous genes, has changed all this. But, until recently, if you were tested positive for a bad gene you were not

14、 obliged to reveal this to anyone else except in a few extreme circumstances. This month, however, Britain became the first country in the world to allow life insurers to ask for test results.So far, approval has been given only for a test for a fatal brain disorder known as Huntingtons disease. But

15、 ten other tests (for seven diseases) are already in use and are awaiting similar approval.The independent body that gives approval, the Department of Healths genetics and insurance committee, does not have to decide whether the use of genetic information in insurance is ethical. It must judge only

16、whether the tests are reliable to insurers. In the case of Huntingtons disease the answer is clear-cut. People unlucky enough to have this gene will die early, and cost life insurers dearly.This is only the start. Clear-cut genetic answers, where a gene is simply and directly related to a persons ri

17、sk of death, are uncommon. More usually, a group of genes is associated with the risk of developing a common disease, dependent on the presence of other genetic or environmental factors. But, as tests improve, it will become possible to predict whether or not a particular individual is at risk. In t

18、he next few years researchers will discover more and more about the functions of individual genes and what health risks or benefits are associated with them.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the word “cards” (Line 1, Para. 1) refer to?A Diseases. B Genes. C Problems. D Tests.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The function

19、of genetic testing isA to enable people to change genes.B to help people to create good genes.C to predict diseases people may have.D to detect accurately what diseases people may develop.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Health authorities allow insurers to use genetic information for the purpose ofA improving

20、genetic testing technology. B safeguarding patients interests.C promoting disease prevention, D reducing insurance payments.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A Genes may contribute to some common diseases.B Environmental factors cause more diseases

21、than genes.C It is common that most fatal diseases are caused by genes.D It is impossible to get clear-cut genetic answers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors purpose in writing the passage isA to indicate the way genetic testing works.B to show the power of ones genetic makeup.C to introduce genetic t

22、esting and its function.D to reveal the influence of environment on genes.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Kevin Hines, a manic-depressive, was 19 and in one of his weekly downswings on an overcast Monday morning in 2000. He went to the nearby Golden Gate Bridge to kill himself mostly becaus

23、e, with only a four-foot (1.2-metre) railing to leap, “I figured it was the easiest way.“ He dived over, but flipped and hit the water at 75mph with his feet first. His legs were crushed, but he somehow stayed conscious and started paddling with his upper body until the Coast Guard fished him out.Mr

24、. Hines is one of 26 people who have survived suicide attempts at the bridge, but 1 223 are known to have succeeded (i. e., were seen jumping or found floating). People are throwing themselves off the bridge at the rate of two a month, which makes it the most popular place in the world for suicides.

25、 One book on the subject says that the Golden Gate is “to suicide what Niagara Falls is to honeymooners“.Many San Franciscans think that the solution is to emulate the Empire State Building, the Sydney Harbour Bridge, the Eiffel Tower, St. Peters basilica and other such places and put up a simple ba

26、rrier. This, however, is a decision for the 19 board members of the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District, an entity that oversees the bridge itself and the buses and ferries that operate in the area. Most of its revenues come from tolls and fares, and the district loses money. A b

27、arrier would cost between $15 million and $ 25 million.So the Psychiatric Foundation of Northern California, which has adopted the barrier as its cause, considers it a success that the board has merely allowed a feasibility study, for which various private and public donors have raised$ 2 million. M

28、el Blaustein, a director at the foundation, has heard several arguments against a barrier over the years-too ugly, too expensive, and so forth-but the most persistent has been that people would simply kill themselves somewhere else, so why bother.? This is nonsense, he says, “Most suicides are impul

29、sive and preventable.“ A bridge without a barrier, adds Pat Hines, Kevins father, is “like leaving a loaded gun in the psychiatric ward./（分数：10.00）(1).Kevin Hines choose to commit suicide at such an early age in that _.A he suffered a disease which caused him gloomy and crazy.B he found an easiest w

30、ay to end up his life.C he was in his periodical decline and out of his senses.D he found the Golden Gate Bridge a suitable place to do so.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why does the author mention Niagara Falls and honeymooners?A Because Niagara Falls and honeymooners are as well-known as the Golden Gate Bri

31、dge.B Because Niagara Falls is the resort for couples who spend their holidays.C Because Niagara Falls attracts honeymooners the same way the Bridge does to suicides.D Because Niagara Falls is a magnificent place for honeymooners to gather around there.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from th

32、e passage that the board of the Golden Gate Bridge will _.A raise enough money to start the project which can prevent suicides.B not raise the money because they cannot make both ends meet.C raise money for the prevention project reluctantly from society.D abandon the plan to add equipment to preven

33、t sad people from death.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What will the author mention after Paragraph 4?A Some examples that bridges with barriers saved many peoples lives.B Some suicides were successfully prevented.C Some barriers over bridges are accepted both ornamentally and financially.D Some barriers over

34、 bridges are in progress.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors attitude towards the foundation of barriers over the bridge?A Optimistic. B Critical. C Biased. D Objective.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Every second in the United States alone, more than 250 animals are slaughtered for fo

35、od, adding up to more than 8 billion animals each year. Reducing the amount of meat in ones diet is nutritionally, environmentally, and ethically beneficial.People who eat meat usually have weaker immune systems compared to those of vegetarians. Meat has been directly linked to diabetes, obesity, ar

36、thritis, and many other illnesses. Furthermore, meat-eaters are at a higher risk for diseases, including cancer, and they are more likely to die from these diseases. Critics say that a meatless diet does not provide enough nutrients, especially protein and iron. Actually, according to A Teens Guide

37、to Going Vegetarian, by Judy Krizmanic, protein is found in almost every food, and iron appears in many vegetables. Getting enough nutrients in a meat-reduced diet should not be difficult. A 1988 study found that some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat and eggs. Diets including more fr

38、uits and vegetables will only make people healthier.Some skeptics believe that there will be a shortage of food if animals are not eaten. In fact, the opposite is true. More than 80% of the corn and 95% of the oats grown in the US are fed to livestock. The worlds cattle alone consume enough food to

39、equal the caloric needs of 8.7 billion people, more than the entire human population. One half of the water used in the Unites States also goes to livestock; 2.50 gallons of water produces only 1 pound of beef. If people eat less meat and more plants, the amount of available food will increase.Many

40、people become vegetarians because they feel that eating animals is unethical. 90% of these animals are raised in confinement. Chickens and other birds have only about half. a square foot of space each, and since they are raised so close together, a hot blade is used to cut off their beaks to prevent

41、 them from pecking each other to death. Likewise, pigs that are repressed will bite each others tails, so both their teeth and tails are removed as soon as they are born.Eating animals is hazardous in numerous ways. Even a slight reduction in meat intake is better than nothing at all. Consuming less

42、 meat is beneficial to the health of animals, the health of people, and to the health of the world.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true according to A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian?A A diet without meat cannot supply enough protein.B Nearly all the food we eat contains protein.C Its diffic

43、ult to get enough nutrients in a meatless diet.D Some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the third paragraph, the author implies thatA food will be insufficient if animals are not eaten.B lots of food and water are consumed by cattle.C a meat-reduced diet is env

44、ironmentally beneficial.D animals are raised for human food.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why do some people become vegetarians?A Because they want to develop a strong immune system.B Because some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat.C Because fruits and vegetables contain more nutrients.D Becaus

45、e they consider eating animals as unethical.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Chickens and pigs are cited as examples to show thatA raising livestock is unethical.B eating animals is unethical.C livestock is confined to a very small space.D being a vegetarian is beneficial to animals health.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).

46、Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A The Advantages of Eating Less MeatB Why People Become VegetarianC Environment and Meatless DietD Saving Cattle and Chickens（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The most damning thing that can be said about the worlds best-endowed and

47、richest country is that it is not only not the leader in health status, but that it is so low in the ranks of the nations. The United States ranks 18th among nations of the world in male life expectancy at birth, 9th in female life expectancy at birth, and 12th in infant mortality. More importantly,

48、 huge variations are evident in health status in the United States from one place to the next and from one group to the next.The forces that affect health can be divided into four groupings that lend themselves to analysis of all health problems. Clearly the largest group of forces resides in the persons environment. Behavior, in part derived from experiences with the environment, is the next greatest force affecting health. Medical care services, treated as separate from other environmental factors because of the special interest we have in them, make a modest cont