【考研类试卷】中医综合-中药学(三)及答案解析.doc

1、中医综合-中药学(三)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Euthanasia has been a topic of controversy in Europe since at least 1936. On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices “active“ euthanasia: (1) administering a lethal drug to a (2) ill patient who has asked

2、to be relieved (3) suffering. Twenty times a day, life prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn (4) there is no hope that it can (5) an ultimate cure. “Active“ euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books, punishable (6) 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past 15

3、years has made it clear that a competent physician who (7) it out will not be prosecuted.Euthanasia, often called “mercy killing“, is a crime everywhere in Western Europe. (8) more and more doctors and nurses in Britain, Germany, Holland and elsewhere readily (9) to practicing it, most often in the

4、“passive“ form of withholding or withdrawing (10) The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately (11) into a sometimes fierce public debate, (12) both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those (13) to the practice see themselves (14) sacred principles of respect for life, (15) those

5、 in favor raise the banner of humane treatment. After years (16) the defensive, the advocates now seem to be (17) ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of British (18) favor euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of (19) to a poll taken late last year in France sa

6、id they would like the law changed to (20) mercy killings. Obviously, pressure groups favoring euthanasia and “assisted suicide“ have grown steadily in Europe over the years.（分数：10.00）(1).A incidentally B intentionally C intermittently D intensely（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A terminally B finally C eventua

7、lly D ultimately（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A against B off C of D out of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A though B when C that D since（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A effect B affect C result D execute（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A for B in C to D by（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A works B saves C carries D rescues（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A Becaus

8、e B Hence C And D But（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A admit B allege C approve D adopt（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A cure B treatment C operation D remedy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A smoothed over B boiled over C broke down D burst out（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A due to B at C for D with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A rejected B obje

9、cted C responded D opposed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A abandoning B confirming C upholding D upgrading（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A while B when C as D or（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A in B for C on D against（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A supporting B reinforcing C maintaining D gaining（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A patients B sub

10、jects C residents D physicians（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A officials B citizens C respondents D interviewers（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A refuse B evaluate C decriminalize D counter（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)On a weekday night this January

11、, thousands of flag-waving youths packed Olaya Street, Riyadhs main shopping strip, to cheer a memorable Saudi victory in the GCC Cup football final. One car, rock music blaring from its stereo, squealed to a stop, blocking an intersection. The passengers leapt out, clambered on to the roof and danc

12、ed wildly in front of the honking crowd. Having paralyzed the traffic across half the city, they sped off before the police could catch them.Such public occasion was once unthinkable in the rigid conformist kingdom, but now young people there and in other Gulf states are increasingly willing to chal

13、lenge authority. That does not make them rebels: respect for elders, for religious duty and for maintaining family bonds remain pre-eminent values, and premarital sex is generally out of the question. Yet demography is beginning to put pressure on ultra-conservative norms.After all, 60% of the Gulfs

14、 native population is under the age of 25. With many more of its citizens in school than in the workforce, the region faces at least a generation of rocketing demand for employment. In every single GCC country the native workforce will double by 2020. In Saudi Arabia it will grow from 3.3m now to ov

15、er 8m. The task of managing this surge would be daunting enough for any society, but is particularly forbidding in this region, for several reasons.The first is that the Gulf suffers from a lopsided labor structure. This goes back to the 1970s, when ballooning oil incomes allowed governments to impo

16、rt millions of foreign workers and to dispense cozy jobs to the locals. The result is a two-tier workforce, with outsiders working mostly in the private sector and natives monopolizing the state bureaucracy. Private firms are as productive as any. But within the government, claims one study, workers

17、 are worth only a quarter of what they get paid.Similarly, in the education sector, 30 years spent keeping pace with soaring student numbers has taken a heavy toll on standards. The Saudi school system, for instance, today has to cope with 5m students, eight times more than in 1970. And many Gulf co

18、untries adapted their curricula from Egyptian models that are now thoroughly discredited. They continue to favor rote learning of “facts“ intended to instill patriotism or religious values.Even worse, the system as a whole discourages intellectual curiosity. It channels students into acquiring prest

19、ige degrees rather than gaining marketable skills. Of the 120, 000 graduates that Saudi universities produced between 1995 and 1999, only 10,000 had studied technical subjects such as architecture or engineering. They accounted for only 2% of the total number of Saudis entering the job market.（分数：10

20、.00）(1).The wild behavior of young people depicted in the first paragraph is intended toA to spotlight their social problems.B to introduce the change of Saudi youths.C to criticize their conformist image.D to appreciate rebels against social values.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The basic problem of people p

21、ressure facing the Saudi authority lies inA expanding workforce.B exploding population.C practical intelligence.D intellectual curiosity.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “lopsided“ (Paragraph 4) most probably meansA Detrimental.B Unappealing.C Harmonious.D Unbalanced.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to t

22、he author, the Saudi education system is characterized by its excessive emphasis onA technical creativity.B intellectual cognition.C conservative values.D nonconformist images.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the section following this text most likely to deal with?A The lower proportion of local youths

23、 in the workforce.B More restrictions placed on the private firms in Saudi.C Another reason for the difficulty in managing people pressure.D The commitment to motivating youth participation in the task.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For the first time, George Bush has acknowledged the exis

24、tence of secret CIA prisons around the world, where key terrorist suspects100 in all, officials sayhave been interrogated with “an alternative set of procedures“. Fourteen of the suspects, including the alleged mastermind of the September 11th attacks, were transferred on Monday to the American nava

25、l base at Guantnamo Bay in Cuba, where some will face trial for war crimes before special military commissions. Many of these menas Mr. Bush confirmed in a televised speech at the White House on September 6thare al-Qaeda operatives or Taliban fighters who had sought to withhold information that coul

26、d “save American lives“. “In these cases, it has been necessary to move these individuals to an environment where they can be held secretly (and) questioned by experts,“ the president said. He declined to say where they had been held or why they had not simply been sent straight to Guantnamo, as som

27、e 770 other suspected terrorists have been. Mr. Bush also refused to reveal what interrogation methods had been used, saying only that, though “tough“, they had been “safe and lawful and necessary“. Many believe that the main purpose of the CIAs prisons was to hide from prying eyes the torture and o

28、ther cruel or degrading treatment used to extract information from prisoners. But Mr. Bush insisted that America did not torture : “Its against our laws, and its against our values. I have not authorised itand I will not authorise it.“ The Pentagon this week issued its long-awaited new Army Field Ma

29、nual, forbidding all forms of torture and degrading treatment of prisoners by army personnelthough not the CIA. For the first time, it specifically bans forced nakedness, hooding, the use of dogs, sexual humiliation and “waterboarding“ (simulated drowning )all practices that have been used at Guantm

30、amo and Abu Ghraib. So why did the president decide now to reveal the CIAs secret programme? Partly, he confessed, because of the Supreme Courts recent ruling that minimum protections under the Geneva Conventions applied to all military prisoners, no matter where they were. This has put American age

31、nts at risk of prosecution for war crimes. Mr. Bush has now asked Congress to ban suspected terrorists from suing American personnel in federal courts.（分数：10.00）(1).In terms of literary device, the phrase “an alternative set of procedures“ in the first paragraph of the text is a kind of_. A hyperbol

32、e B euphemism C black humor D stream of consciousness（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Mr. Bushs attitude toward the publics remarks is_. A consent B hesitation C denial D approval（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The term “declined“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably denotes_. A refused B dropped C d

33、ived D compromised（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, the old Army Field Manual lacks_. A some forms of degrading treatment of prisoners B the trials of time by the CIA C torture by army personnel in Abu Ghraib D specific ban on “water-boarding/（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the text, the

34、 president admits to some “alternative“ method due to_. A charity impulse B economic recession C domestic booming D legal pressure（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Newhouse shelter in Kansas City has helped thousands of abused women and their children over the past 37 years. But last mont

35、h, the women were forced to move out and the staff started looking for new jobs. The reason was simple. While the need was there, the money was not. Dwindling charitable contributions tied to a broad U.S. economic slowdown mean fewer resources and hard choices for charities across the country.“Peopl

36、e are holding tight to their money,“ said Newhouse President Leslie Caplan, who estimated charitable contributions were down 200,000 this year compared to last year. That, combined with cuts in government grants, has severely squeezed the centers 1.3 million budget.As Americans struggling with risin

37、g unemployment and home foreclosures turn to charities for help, charities themselves are running into financial difficulties as donations dwindle. They are being forced to increase their outreach, hold more fund-raising events and seek out new donors to make ends meet. “The people who used to give

38、us small amounts, $10 or $15, that is going away. The people who have a lot of money still are able to give, but they are more selective in their giving,“ McIntyre said. “Its getting bad out there. “Philanthropic Giving Index, which measures prospects for charitable donations, has dropped to 83 on a

39、 scale of 100 from 88 in December 2007, its lowest point since 2003. Rev. Cecil Williams noticed that donations to Glide Memorial United Methodist Church in San Francisco began falling off earlier this year, forcing him to cut meals, child care, and health care to the poor by up to 15 percent. Meanw

40、hile, the lines for help grow longer.Melissa Perez of La Habra, California, hosted a Brazilian student last year under the auspices of the Center for Cultural Interchange, a Chicago-based nonprofit that arranges for families to house and feed foreign students. “Everythings hard. Were very much pinch

41、ed,“ said Perez, who cannot afford to do it again this year because her familys manufacturing business is in trouble. Such experiences mean the Center for Cultural Interchange has not been able to find enough volunteers.“Business is not as good and they feel the pressure and that leads to a decline

42、in giving,“ said Bridges board member Inayat Malik. “How much people give depends on how secure they feel,“ Berman said. “I think well see an impact on personal giving this fall and winter, which is when most charitable organizations depend on generosity. /（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from paragraph 1

43、 that the passage will focus on_.A the problem of unemployment worsened in U. S.B U. S. charities are affected by weak economyC gender discrimination is still a big issue in U. S. job marketD the future for U.S. economy is grey（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does the expression “People are holding tight t

44、o their money“ ( Line 1, Paragraph 2) mean?A People are saving more money to donate.B People become stingy even with more money earned.C People are donating less due to their tight financial situations.D People are now more concerned about how their donations are spent.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word

45、“dwindle“ most probably means_.A to decline B to increaseC to stop D to remain（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).From the passage, Rev. Cecil Williams has to reduce the following EXCEPT_.A food B living expensesC child care D health care（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Paragraph 5 is concerned about the lack of_.A donations

46、B volunteersC cultural interchange D nonprofit organization（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In 1880, Sir Joshua Waddilove, a Victorian philanthropist, founded Provident Financial to provide affordable loans to working-class families in and around Bradford, in northern England. This month his

47、 company, now one of Britains leading providers of “home credit“ small, short-term, unsecured loansbegan the nationwide rollout of Vanquis, a credit card aimed at people that mainstream lenders shun. The card offers up to 200 ($ 380) of credit, at a price: for the riskiest customers, the annual inte

48、rest rate will be 69%.Provident says that the typical interest rate is closer to 50% and that it charges no fees for late payments or breaching credit limits. Still, that is triple the rate on regular credit cards and far above the 30% charged by store cards. And the Vanquis card is being launched just when Britains politicians and media are full of worry about soaring consumer debt. Last month, a man took his own life after running up debts of 130000 on 22 different credit cards.Credit cards for “sub-prime“ borrowers, as the ind