【考研类试卷】中医综合-中药学(二十四)及答案解析.doc

1、中医综合-中药学(二十四)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Health implies. more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional wellbeing. An angry, frustrated, emotionally (1) person in good physical condition is not (2) healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do

2、 (3) how a person copes with the world as it exists. Many of the factors that (4) physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being.Having a good self-image means that people have positive (5) pictures and good positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable (6) , and about

3、 the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are (7) like others. Having a good self- image is based (8) a realistic (9) of ones own worth and value and capabilities.Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful (10) of our society. People of all ages

4、 (11) stress. Children begin to (12) stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducing (13) in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to (14) academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individua

5、ls (15) to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well (16) another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individuals physical, social, and mental health are event

6、ually affected.Satisfying social relations are vital to (17) mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to (18) , develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must (19) the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help e

7、ach other. They must also be capable of (20) conflicts in a constructive way.（分数：10.00）(1).A unstable B unsure C imprecise D impractical（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A normally B generally C virtually D necessarily（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A on B at C to D with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A signify B influence C predict

8、D mark（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A intellectual B sensual C spiritual D mental（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A to be doing B with doing C to do D of doing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A able better to B able to better C better to able D better able to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A on B from C at D about（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A assess

9、ment B decision C determination D assistance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A ideality B realization C realism D reality（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A occur B engage C confront D encounter（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A tolerate B sustain C experience D undertake（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A evidence B accidents C adventures D ev

10、ents（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A acquire B achieve C obtain D fulfill（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A respond B return C retort D reply（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A why B when C while D where（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A sound B all-round C entire D whole（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A illuminate B enunciate C enumerate D initiate（分

11、数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A access B assess C process D possess（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A resolving B saluting C dissolving D solving（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)You really do have to wonder whether a few years from now well look back at t

12、he first decade of the 21st centurywhen food prices spiked, energy prices soared, world population surged, tornados plowed through cities, floods and droughts set records, populations were displaced and governments were threatened by the confluence of it alland ask ourselves. What were we thinking?

13、How did we not panic when the evidence was so obvious that wed crossed some growth, climate, natural resource and population redlines all at once? “The only answer can be denial,“ argues Paul Gilding, an Australian environmentalist, in a new book called The Great Disruption. “When you are surrounded

14、 by something so big that requires you to change everything about the way you think and see the world, then denial is the natural response. But the longer we wait, the bigger the response required.“Gilding cites the work of the Global Footprint Network, an alliance of scientists, which calculates ho

15、w many “planet Earths“ we need to sustain our current growth rates. G. F. N. measures how much land and water area we need to produce the resources we consume and absorb our waste, using prevailing technology. On the whole, says G. F. N. , we are currently growing at a rate that is using up the Eart

16、hs resources far faster than they can be sustainably replenished, so we are eating into the future.This is not science fiction. This is what happens when our system of growth and the system of nature hit the wall at once. We are now using so many resources and putting out so much waste into the Eart

17、h that we have reached some kind of limit, given current technologies. The economy is going to have to get smaller in terms of physical impact.We will not change systems, though, without a crisis. But dont worry, were getting there. Were currently caught in two loops: One is that more population gro

18、wth and more global warming together are pushing up food prices, causing political instability in the Middle East, which leads to higher oil prices, thus to higher food prices and more instability. At the same time, improved productivity means fewer people are needed in every factory to produce more

19、 stuff. So if we want to have more jobs, we need more factories. More factories making more stuff make more global warming, and that is where the two loops meet.But Gilding is actually an eco-optimist. As the impact o the imminent Great Disruption hits us, he says, “our response will be proportional

20、ly dramatic, mobilizing as we do in war. We will change at a scale and speed we can barely imagine today, completely transforming our economy, including our energy and transport industries, in just a few short decades. “ We will realize, he predicts, that the consumer-driven growth model is broken a

21、nd we have to move to a more happiness-driven growth model, based on people working less and owning less.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paul Gilding, faced with disastrous evidence, people wouldA be frightened into rethinking the ways we treat the earth.B refuse to admit the follies committed by human b

22、eings.C set a redline for population growth and the exploration of nature.D come up with a response required to cope with the worsening situation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The G. F.N. scientistsA have overstated the sustainability of the earth.B are ignorant of the serious situation the earth faces.C are

23、 overconfident about the role of current technology.D issue a warning message about the sustainability of the earth.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author agrees with Gilding thatA both growth and tapping of nature have reached their limits.B one way of breaking the loops is making better use of the techno

24、logy.C the current situation is not as bad as the G. F. N. scientists state it.D improved productivity will eventually help raise the employment rate.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).To correct the situation, Gilding advocatesA stabilizing the political and economic situation.B learning useful lessons from wart

25、ime mobilization.C keeping economic growth at a sustainable rate.D making better use of current technologies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred that the happiness-driven growth model is characterized byA higher economic productivity.B slower economic growth.C less dramatic political change.D co

26、nstant technological innovations.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)SoBig. F was the more visible of the two recent waves of infection because it propagated itself by e-mail, meaning that victims noticed what was going on. SoBig. F was so effective that it caused substantial disruption even to

27、 those protected by anti-virus software. That was because so many copies of the virus spread (some 500,000 computers were infected) that many machines were overwhelmed by messages from their own anti-virus software. On top of that, one common counter-measure backfired, increasing traffic still furth

28、er. Anti-virus software often bounces a warning back to the sender of an infected e-mail, saying that the e-mail in question cannot be delivered because it contains a virus, soBig. F was able to spoof this system by “harvesting“ e-mail addresses from the hard disks of infected computers. Some of the

29、se addresses were then sent infected e-mails that had been doctored to look as though they had come from other harvested addresses. The latter were thus sent warnings, even though their machines may not have been infected.Kevin Haley of Symantec, a firm that makes anti-virus software, thinks that on

30、e reason SoBig. F was so much more effective than other viruses that work this way is because it was better at searching hard-drives for addresses. Brian King, of CERT, an internet-security centre at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, notes that, unlike its precursors, SoBig. F was capable of

31、 “multi-threading“, it could send multiple e-mails simultaneously, allowing it to dispatch thousands in minutes.Blaster worked by creating a “buffer overrun in the remote procedure call“. In English, that means it attacked a piece of software used by Microsofts Windows operating system to allow one

32、computer to control another. It did so by causing that software to use too much memory.Most worms work by exploiting weaknesses in an operating system, but whoever wrote Blaster had a particularly refined sense of humour, since the website under attack was the one from which users could obtain a pro

33、gram to fix the very weakness in Windows that the worm itself was exploiting.One way to deal with a wicked worm like Blaster is to design a fairy godmother worm that goes around repairing vulnerable machines automatically. In the case of Blaster some-one seems to have tried exactly that with a progr

34、am called Welch. However. according to Mr, Haley, Welch has caused almost as many problems as Blaster itself, by overwhelming networks with “pings“ -signals that checked for the presence of other computers.Though both of these programs fell short of the apparent objectives of their authors, they sti

35、ll caused damage. For instance, they forced the shutdown of a number of computer networks, including the one used by the New York Times newsroom, and the one organizing trains operated by CSX, a freight company on Americas east coast.Computer scientists expect that it is only a matter of time before

36、 a truly devastating virus is unleashed.（分数：10.00）(1).SoBig. F damaged computer programs mainly byA sending them an overpowering number of messages.B harvesting the addresses stored in the computers.C infecting the computers with an invisible virus.D destroying the anti-virus software of the compute

37、rs.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following best defines the word “doctored“ (Line 10, Paragraph 1) ?A falsified B curedC deceived Ddiagnosed（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Compared with SoBig. F, Blaster was a virus that wasA more destructive. B more humorous.C less vulnerable. D less noticeable.（分数：2.00）A

38、B.C.D.(4).From the text we learn that WelchA is a wicked worm causing as many damages as Blaster did.B is a program designed by Haley to detect worms like Blaster.C is a program intended to fix the infected machines.D is a worm meant to defeat the virus with “pings“.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The tone of

39、 the text can be best described asA optimistic and humorous. B analytical but concerned.C passionate but pessimistic. D scholarly and cautious.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The American screen has long been a smoky place, at least since 1942s Now, Voyager, in which Bette Davis and Paul He

40、nreid showed how to make and seal a romantic deal over a pair of cigarettes that were smoldering as much as the stars. Today cigarettes are more common on screen than at any other time since midcentury: 75% of all Hollywood filmsincluding 36% of those rated G or PGshow tobacco use, according to a 20

41、06 survey by the University of California, San Francisco.Audiences, especially kids, are taking notice. Two recent studies, published in Lancet and Pediatrics, have found that among children as young as 10, those exposed to the most screen smoking are up to 2.7 times as likely as others to pick up t

42、he habit. Worse, its the ones from nonsmoking homes who are hit the hardest. Now the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH)the folks behind the designated-driver campaignare pushing to get the smokes off the screen. “Some movies show kids up to 14 incidents of smoking per hour,“ says Barry Bloom, HS

43、PHs dean. “Were in the business of preventing disease, and cigarettes are the No. 1 preventable cause.“Harvard long believed that getting cigarettes out of movies could have as powerful an effect, but it wouldnt be easy. Cigarette makers had a history of striking product-placement deals with Hollywo

44、od, and while the 1998 tobacco settlement prevents that, nothing stops directors from incorporating smoking into scenes on their own. In 1999 Harvard began holding one-on-one meetings with studio execs trying to change that, and last year the Motion Picture Association of America flung the door open

45、 inviting Bloom to make a presentation in February to all the studios. Harvards advice was direct: Get the butts entirely out, or at least make smoking unappealing.A few films provide a glimpse of what a no-smoking or low-smoking Hollywood would be like. Producer Lindsay Doran, who once helped pers

46、uade director John Hughes to keep Ferris Bueller smoke-free in the 1980s hit, wanted to de the same for the leads of her 2006 movie Stranger Than Fiction. When a writer convinced her that the character played by Emma Thompson had to smoke, Doran relented, but from the way Thompson hacks her way thro

47、ugh the film and snuffs out her cigarettes in a palmful of spit, its clear the glamours gone. And remember all the smoking in The Devil Wears Prada? No? Thats because the producers of that film kept it out entirelyeven in a story that travels from the US fashion world to Paris, two of the most tobac

48、co-happy places on earth. “No one smoked in that movie,“ says Doran, “and no one noticed.“Such movies are hardly the rule, but the pressure is growing. Like smokers, studios may conclude that quitting the habit is not just a lot healthier but also a lot smarter.（分数：10.00）(1).Why the author mentioned

49、 Now, Voyager?A Smoke on screen can make romance.B To show American screen was full of cigarette smoke.C To explain why cigarettes are easier to get than past.D The romantic Hollywood movie is a typical example of smoky screen.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Whats the authors purpose of the second paragraph?A To show audiences