【考研类试卷】中医综合-中药学(十七)及答案解析.doc

1、中医综合-中药学(十七)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method of answering (1) questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships betwee

2、n (2) phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that (3) to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and (3) for applying the findings of science. Another (5) between science and technology has to do with the progress in each.Progress in science (

3、6) the human factor. Scientists, who seek to understand the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of (7) and certainty, cannot (8) their own or other peoples likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or (9) people-as did Dar

4、wins theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is (10) than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But (11) so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sound produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we cannot refuse to

5、breathe polluted air. (12) science, progress in technology must be measured (13) the human factor. The purpose of technology is to serve peoplepeople (14) , not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to (15) advantage for themselves.We are all familiar with t

6、he (16) use of technology. Many people blame technology itself (17) widespread pollution, resource depletion (枯竭) and even social decay in generalso much (18) the promise of technology is “ (19) “ That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise applications of science and technology do not (2

7、0) a better world, what else will?（分数：10.00）(1).A abstract B theoretical C profound D concrete（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A discernible B negligible C sustainable D observable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A serve B assume C intend D prove（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A procedures B facilities C proceedings D apparatuses（分数：

8、0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A implication B friction C discrimination D distinction（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A distracts B excludes C expels D disposes（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A integrity B loyalty C accuracy D consistency（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A ward off B make use of C work up D pay attention to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A a

9、nger B flare C ignite D blare（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A better B other C less D more（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A hardly B nearly C virtually D rarely（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A Without B Despite C Unlike D Regarding（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A in terms of B by means of C by virtue of D as a result of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D

10、.(14).A in nature B on average C on the whole D in general（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A take B gain C make D win（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A invalid B illiterate C indecent D improper（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A for B on C with D of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A in that B as if C so that D if only（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A d

11、ischarged B sophisticated C obscured D dissolved（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A turn into B amount to C go into D lead to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Henry Kissinger may be the most successful, certainly the most flamboyant, Secretary of

12、State to hold that office in modern times. When he was appointed in the late 1960s, there were no American ties with Communist China, Vietnam and Berlin seemed ready to draw the United States into a third world war, and Russia was seen as “the enemy“.But all this has changed, and Henry Kissinger cau

13、sed much of the change; in 1971, he made his first trip to China, a trip that was the beginning of the current ties between the United States and China. He brought the United States and Russia closer together on major issues by the policy he called “detente“, literally meaning a relaxation. His phil

14、osophy was always to talk and to bring together. With these two policies, Kissinger did much to draw attention away from any possible Russia-American friction.In 1973 he made his first visit to Egypt. Here he was able to begin U.S. relations with Egypt. He used his contact later to begin the sort of

15、 talks that the American press called “shuttle diplomacy“. For ninety-nine days, he “shuttled“ back and forth on flights between Cairo and Jerusalem to work out a step-by-step withdrawal of Israeli troops from the Sinai desert. His wit, his careful approach to detail, and his presence made “shuttle

16、diplomacy“ work. It was the only successful approach to Mid-east peace in the thirty years since the state of Israel was founded.Another major work was the Strategic Arms Limitation Talk. Though his term in office passed with the treaty unsigned, Kissinger left a draft of the treaty to which the Rus

17、sians had already agreed. The SALT treaty spelled out a one-tenth reduction in nuclear arms, a major accomplishment by any standard, even if one does not consider all the other conditions and limitations included in the treaty.Even though he successfully helped bring an end to the Vietnam War, Kissi

18、ngers final days in office were affected, as was the entire executive branch in one way or another, by the scandals of the Nixon White House. Kissingers critics point to his role in placing wiretaps on the phones of reporters and officials and to what they consider his “high-handed“ approach to sett

19、ing foreign policy. But Kissinger, during the last few months of the Nixon presidency, limited the effects of American domestic problems on our foreign policy. He continued talks in the Middle East. He continued close contact with the Soviet Union.History will decide in the final view, as Kissinger-

20、and many presidents-often said, on the value of his service. Whatever they decide, whether his actions are finally to be considered wise or foolish, he had a personal vision that will he difficult to match.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the context, the word “flamboyant“ most likely meansA notorious.B a

21、mbiguous.C showy.D arbitrary.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from the last paragraph of the text thatA “shuttle diplomacy“ seriously affected the SALT treaty.B Watergate scandals made Kissinger ineffective.C some of the things Kissinger initiated are still being worked out.D Kissinger is an

22、outstanding politician but unable to cope with domestic affairs.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The text does not directly say, but implies that KissingerA suffered a series of defeats while being in office.B significantly altered the direction of international relationships.C was unsuccessful in bringing abou

23、t peace in the Middle East.D played a more important role than the president during the Nixon administration.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The main idea of the text is thatA Kissinger helped smooth over many conflicts in the world.B as the Secretary of State, Kissinger was very influential in American foreig

24、n policy.C a lot of international conflicts would not have been resolved without Kissingers effort.D Kissinger did much to end the cold war with the Communist World.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors tone in the text may best be summarized as that ofA objectivity.B suspicion.C sympathy.D admiration.（分

25、数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A deal is a dealexcept, apparently, when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the states strict nucle

26、ar regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermonts rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. Its a stunning move.The conflict has been surfac

27、ing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermonts only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that

28、 any extension of the plants license be subject to Vermont legislatures approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didnt foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling

29、 tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankees safety and Entergys managementespecially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergys behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year ag

30、ainst allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that state

31、s do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy ke

32、pt its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a public trust. Entergy r

33、uns 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the companys application, it should k

34、eep in mind what promises from Entergy are worth.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “reneging on“(kine 3. para.1) is closest in meaning toA condemning. B reaffirming.C dishonoring. D securing.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended toA obtain protection from Vermont regulato

35、rs.B seek favor from the federal legislature.C acquire an extension of its business license.D get permission to purchase a power plant.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with itsA managerial practices. B technical innovativeness.C financial goals. D busines

36、s vision（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In the authors view, the Vermont case will testA Entergys capacity to fulfill all its promises.B the nature of states patchwork regulations.C the federal authority over nuclear issues.D the limits of states power over nuclear issues.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferre

37、d from the last paragraph thatA Entergys business elsewhere might be affected.B the authority of the NRC will be defied.C Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.D Vermonts reputation might be damaged.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Guthries contiguity principle offers practical sugg

38、estions for how to break habits.One application of the threshold method involves the time young children spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities are scheduled to last no longer th

39、an 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often result. To apply Guthries theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could gradually increase the

40、time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold method also can be applied to teaching printing and handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements are awkward and they lack fine motor coordination. The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so ch

41、ildren can fit the letters into the space. If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students etters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine thei

42、r skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, give them a large stack of paper, and tell him to start making paper airplanes. After the students have ma

43、de several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, the teacher might decide to have these students conti

44、nue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The media center teacher might ask the students to find interesting books and read them while in the cente

45、r. Assuming that the students find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher realized that using the board and overhead pro

46、jector while lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, and debates, in an attempt to involve students and raise their interest in the course.（分数：10.00）(1).The purpose of this passage is to_.A. inform B. persuade C. debate D

47、. narrate（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Guthrie identified three methods for_.A. educating students B. altering bad habitsC. avoiding undesired action D. forming good hobbies（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method?A. Parents introduce spinach in small bi

48、tes or mixed with a food that the child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young children and gradually increase session length but not to where students become frustrated or bored.C. Paper with wider lines

49、is first used and then paper with narrow lines is introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fun by his parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).To stop snacking while watchin