【考研类试卷】中医综合-中药学(十四)及答案解析.doc

1、中医综合-中药学(十四)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The United States is usually given credit for creating and developing the musical comedy as it is known today. The first musical shows were based (1) everyday American life and the (2) development of the form took place in th

2、e United States for more than half a century. (3) the early 1970s, (4) , the London theater has (5) the Broadway stage.The Black Crook, which opened at Niblos Garden in New York City on Sept. 12, 1866, is usually (6) as the inspiration for musical comedy. A troupe of French ballet dancers (7) to be

3、stranded in New York without work (8) a fire damaged the theater (9) they had been booked. In order to keep a (10) to them, the theater producer put the dancers into a melodrama written by Charles M. Barres.The first stage production that was (11) a musical comedy was a show that was (12) from the P

4、rince of Wales Theater to the Gaiety Theater in London in 1892. Staged by George Edwards, the show called In Town featured a chorus line of Gaiety Girls. The (13) year A Gaiety Girl was equally successful, and a (14) of the show played in New York in the same year. When it was (15) in newspapers, it

5、 was designated a musical comedy and regarded as a new (16) of entertainment.It did not take the form long to (17) in the United States. Almost (18) one of the most renowned talents of the American stage went to work on his own musicals. The singer-dancer George M. Cohan staged Little Johnny Jones i

6、n 1904. Cohan, (19) own life story was made into the musical George M (1968), also wrote the books, words, and (20) for Forty-five Minutes from Broadway ( 1906 ), The Little Millionaire ( 1911 ), The Song and Dance Man ( 1923 ), and American Born (1925).（分数：10.00）(1).A upon B in C at D with（分数：0.50）

7、A.B.C.D.(2).A big B large C little D chief（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A Since B For C As D Thus（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A for instance B indeed C however D but（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A dominated B ruled C performed D acted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A thought B believed C credited D said（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A happened B

8、 took place C occurred D started（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A because B thus C but D hence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A when B who C that D where（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A commitment B sense C communication D connection（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A thought B considered C mentioned D meant（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A transferre

9、d B transacted C transported D transmitted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A following B ensuing C latter D behind（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A produce B product C production D result（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A viewed B criticized C reviewed D said（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A shape B figure C form D appearance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.

10、D.(17).A catch on B catch out C catch to D catch off（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A immediately B suddenly C mainly D only（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A when B which C that D whose（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A content B music C opinion D thought（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四

11、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Cultural responses to modernization often manifest themselves in the mass media. For example, Aldous Huxley, in Brave New World, created a fictional world in which he cautioned readers that modern science and technology posed a threat to individual dignity. Charlie Chaplins fi

12、lm Modern Times, set in a futuristic manufacturing plant, also told the story of the dehumanizing impact of modernization and machinery. Writers and artists, in their criticisms of the modern world, often point to technologys ability to alienate people from one another, capitalisms tendency to foste

13、r greed, and governments inclination to create bureaucracies that oppress rather than help people.Among the major values of the modern period, four typically manifest themselves in the cultural environment: celebrating the individual, believing in rational order, working efficiently, and rejecting t

14、radition. These values of the modern period were originally embodied in the printing press and later in newspapers and magazines. The print media encouraged the vision of individual writers, publishers, and readers who circulated new ideas. Whereas the premodern period was guided by strong beliefs i

15、n a natural or divine order, becoming modern meant elevating individual self-expression to a central position. Along with democratic breakthroughs, however, individualism and the Industrial Revolution triggered modern forms of hierarchy, in which certain individuals and groups achieved higher standi

16、ng in the social order. For example, those who managed commercial enterprises gained more control over the economic ladder, while an intellectual class of modern experts, who mastered specialized realms of knowledge, gained increasing power over the nations social, political, and cultural agendas.To

17、 be modern also meant to value the capacity of organized, scientific minds to solve problems efficiently. Progressive thinkers maintained that the printing press, the telegraph, and the railroad in combination with a scientific attitude would foster a new type of informed society. At the core of thi

18、s society, the printed mass media, particularly newspapers, would educate the citizenry, helping to build and maintain an organized social framework. Journalists strove for the premodern ideal through a more fact-based and efficient approach to reporting. They discarded decorative writing and champi

19、oned a lean look. Modern front-page news de-emphasized description, commentary, and historical context. The lead sentences that reported a presidential press conference began to look similar, whether they were on the front page in Tupelo, Mississippi, or Wahpeton, North Dakota. Just as modern archit

20、ecture made many American skylines look alike, the front pages of newspapers began to resemble one another.Finally, to be modern meant to throw off the rigid rules of the past, to break with tradition. Modern journalism became captivated by timely and immediate events. As a result, the more standard

21、ized forms of front-page journalism, on the one hand, championed facts and current events while efficiently meeting deadlines. But on the other hand, modern newspapers often failed to take a historical perspective or to analyze sufficiently the ideas underlying these events.（分数：10.00）(1).The author

22、seems to suggest thatA the mass media have created the modern culture.B modern culture have revolutionized the mass media.C technology has changed the role of the mass media.D the mass media are often critical of the modern culture.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).All of the following are the major values of th

23、e modern world EXCEPTA individual self-expression.B social order and discipline.C the efficient solutions to problems.D the repudiation of tradition.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Unfortunately, the emphasis on individualism oftenA makes some people more powerful.B leads to the disruption of natural order.C l

24、eads to a rise in the number of crimes.D violates democratic principles and doctrines.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Modern journalistic reporting emphasizesA analysis. B context.C facts. D description.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The passage is mainly aboutA the shifting values in modern culture.B the impact of mode

25、rnization on the mass media.C the role of the mass media in education.D the rise of individualism in modern culture.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A bite of a cookie containing peanuts could cause the airway to constrict fatally. Sharing a toy with another child who had earlier eaten a pea

26、nut butter and jelly sandwich could raise a case of hives. A peanut butter cup dropped in a Halloween bag could contaminate the rest of the treats, posing an unknown risk. These are the scenarios that “make your bone marrow turn cold“ according to L. Val Giddings, vice president for food and agricul

27、ture of the Biotechnology Industry Organization. Besides representing the policy interests of food biotech companies in Washington, D. C., Giddings is the father of a four-year-old boy with a severe peanut allergy. Peanuts are only one of the most allergenic foods; estimates of the number of people

28、who experience a reaction to the beans hover around 2 percent of the population. Giddings says that peanuts are only one of several foods that biotechnologists are altering genetically in an attempt to eliminate the proteins that do great harm to some peoples immune systems. Although soy allergies d

29、o not usually cause life-threatening reactions, the scientists are also targeting soybeans, which can be found in two thirds of all manufactured food, making the supermarket a minefield for people allergic to soy. Biotechnologists are focusing on wheat, too, and might soon expand their research to t

30、he rest of the “big eight“ allergy-inducing foods: tree nuts, milk, eggs, shellfish and fish. Last September, for example, Anthony J. Kinney, a crop genetics researcher at DuPont Experimental Station in Wilmington, Del., and his colleagues reported using a technique called RNA interference (RNAi) to

31、 silence the genes that encode p34, a protein responsible for causing 65 percent of all soybean allergies. RNAi exploits the mechanism that cells use to protect themselves against foreign genetic material; it causes a cell to destroy RNA transcribed from a given gene, effectively turning off the gen

32、e. Whether the public will accept food genetically modified to be low-allergen is still unknown. Courtney Chabot Dreyer, a spokesperson for Pioneer Hi-Bred International, a subsidiary of DuPont, says that the company will conduct studies to determine whether a promising market exists for low allerge

33、n soy before developing the seeds for sale to farmers. She estimates that Pioneer Hi-Bred is seven years away from commercializing the altered soybeans. Doug Gurian-Sherman, scientific director of the biotechnology project at the Center for Science in the Public Interesta group that has advocated en

34、hanced Food and Drug Administration oversight for genetically modified foodscomments that his organization would not oppose low-allergen foods if they prove to be safe. But he wonders about “identity preservation“ a term used in the food industry to describe the deliberate separation of genetically

35、engineered and no nengineered products. A batch of nonengineered peanuts or soybeans might contaminate machinery reserved for low-allergen versions, he suggests, reducing the benefit of the gene-altered food. Such issues of identity preservation could make low-allergen genetically modified foods too

36、 costly to produce, Chabot Dreyer admits. But, she says, “its still too early to see if thats true. /（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, foods have been genetically altered to_. A taste more delicious B to cure peoples ineffectiveness in immune system C to promote sales of peanut D to lower the cha

37、nce to get allergy（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2). What can be inferred about genetically modified foods from the text? A People do not accept any genetically modified foods. B All genetically modified foods will be of benefit to peoples health. C Genetically modified foods still have a long way to go. D Genet

38、ically modified foods will soon be sold in supermarkets.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, which of the following statements is true? A Genetically modified foods have been supervised by the authority. B Genetically modified foods have proved to be safe. C The nonengineered foods absolutely

39、 can be contaminated by the engineered foods. D The engineered foods are immediately profitable for the food companies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).From the text, we can know that RNAi_. A can deprive cells of certain mechanism B can protect cells against foreign genetic material C can be effective on 34 ki

40、nds of genes D can cause soybean allergies（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors attitude towards genetically modified foods? A Supportive. B Unbiased. C Partial. D Skeptical.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in e

41、ach village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on ones own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either

42、selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable.Our local grocers shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the com

43、petition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queueing up anonymously at a supermarket. And the proprietor knows well that personal service has a substantial cash value.His prices may be a bit high

44、er than those in the town, but he will deliver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch, hour to take a piece of cheese to an old-age pensioner who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing. The more affluen

45、t customers telephone their shopping lists and the goods are on their doorsteps within an hour. They have only to hint at a fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer a red-faced figure, instantly obtains it for them.The village gains from this sort of enterprise, of course. But

46、 I also find it satisfactory because a village shop offers one of the few ways in which a modest individualist can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce.Most of the village shopkeepers I know, at any rate, are decidedly individualist in

47、their ways. For exampie, our shoemaker is a formidable figure: a thick-set, irritable man whom children treat with marked respect, knowing that an ill-judged word can provoke an angry eruption at any time. He stares with contempt at the pairs of cheap, mass-produced shoes taken to him for repair: ha

48、s it come to this, he seems to be saying, that he, a craftsman, should have to waste his skills upon such trash? But we all know he will in fact do excellent work upon them. And he makes beautiful shoes for those who can afford such luxury.（分数：10.00）(1).The services available in villages nowadays ar

49、eA fewer but still very active.B less successful than earlier but managing to survive.C active in providing food and antiques.D surprisingly energetic considering the little demand for them.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The local grocers shop is expanding even thoughA town shops are better at promotion.B town shops are large