【考研类试卷】中医综合-方剂学(五)及答案解析.doc

1、中医综合-方剂学(五)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)So what is depression? Depression is often more about anger turned (1) than it is about sadness. But its usually (2) as sadness. Depression can (3) at all ages, from childhood to old age, and its the United States No. 1 (4) pr

2、oblem.When someone is depressed, her behavior (5) change and she loses interest in activities she (6) enjoyed (like sports, music, friendships). The sadness usually lasts every day for most of the day and for two weeks or more.What (7) depression? A (8) event can certainly bring (9) depression, but

3、some will say it happens (10) a specific cause. So how do you know if youre just having a bad day (11) are really depressed? Depression affects your (12) , moods, behavior and even your physical health. These changes often go (13) or are labeled (14) simply a bad case of the blues.Someone whos truly

4、 (15) depression will have (16) periods of crying spells, feelings of (17) (like not being able to change your situation) and (18) (like youll feel this way forever), irritation or agitation. A depressed person often (19) from others. Depression seldom goes away by itself, and the greatest (20) of d

5、epression is suicide. The risk of suicide increases if the depression isnt treated.（分数：10.00）(1).A on B downC inward D up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A depicted B reportedC prohibited D expressed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A happen B conveyC fade D deteriorate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A social B academicC literary D he

6、alth（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A patterns B linksC intuition D conscientiousness（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A mostly B onceC fairly D desperately（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A cures B checksC triggers D logs（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A solemn B sarcasticC slender D stressful（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A on B aroundC up D under（分数：0.

7、50）A.B.C.D.(10).A via B withoutC due to D out of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A or B butC and D while（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A monopoly B motionC thoughts D association（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A underestimated B unsettledC unexpected D unrecognized（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A by B asC in D for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A

8、battling B substitutingC reproaching D menacing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A justified B extendedC identified D matched（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A selfishness B helplessnessC strategy D emotion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A vibration B vicinityC reservation D hopelessness（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A withdraws B overwhelm

9、sC invades D exploits（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A fabric B patentC danger D passion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Dogs are constantly learning from the reaction of human owners, picking up facial cues and anticipating their owners behavi

10、or, a new research suggests. The findings, published online in the journal Learning and Behavior, show that dogs essentially are always in training, and help explain how many owners unknowingly teach and reward their dogs bad behavior.Research conducted at the University of Florida focused on the ro

11、le of eye contact and facial cues in influencing canine behavior. Earlier studies have suggested that dogs seem to know when they are being watched and even wait to perform forbidden behavior like digging in the garden when they know their owners arent looking. In this study, researchers studied how

12、 human cues triggered begging behavior among 35 pet dogs, 18 shelter dogs and 8 wolves raised in captivity. First the animals were taught that the human strangers helping with the experiment were reliable sources of tasty treats. The testers stood close together and called to the animal, and both of

13、fered rewards of Spam cubes or Beggin Strips treats.After four rewards, the experiment began. Two testers stood against a fence or wall, about 20 feet apart and with food in their pockets. The dog was held about 20 feet away, equidistant from both testers. In one condition, one tester faced the dog

14、while the other turned her back. In another, a tester held a book near her face, while the other tester held the book in front of her face, as if she were reading. In a third condition, one tester held a bucket near the shoulder, while the other put the bucket over her head, blocking her eyes.Then,

15、both testers called out to the dogs. All the animalspet dogs, shelter dogs and wolvesignored the person whose back was turned and sought food from the person who was looking at them. “The question was, are dogs and wolves responsive to a humans attentional state?“ said Monique Udell, an assistant pr

16、ofessor of psychology at Flagler College, Fla. But when the testers held books, it was only the domestic dogs who avoided the person who appeared to be reading the book. “In a house where theyre used to people reading books, they are sensitive to those types of cues,“ said Dr. Udell. Interestingly,

17、in the bucket experiment, the animals, for the most part, were equally likely to seek food from the person with the bucket over her head as the person holding the bucket.The experiment shows that dogs are tuned into whether humans are paying attention. “Dogs dont have to read our minds. Dogs read ou

18、r behavior,“ said Dr. Udell. Pet owners often get frustrated with bad dog behavior without realizing that they themselves have reinforced it, either by giving the dog a treat when they beg, skipping a bath when they protest or letting them sleep on the bed or couch.（分数：10.00）(1).The new study found

19、thatA dogs never behave badly if their owners give them no cues.B forbidden behavior is harder to train in canine animals.C dogs behavior can never be shaped by conscious training.D cues from humans help shape the behavior of canine animals.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The experiment shows that domestic ani

20、malsA are more responsive to human attentional state.B feel more intimate to their human masters.C are not easily fooled by human behavior.D demonstrate greater interest in facial cues.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The possible reason why most animals turned to the person with the bucket is thatA they though

21、t the bucket contained food.B they could not read that cue.C the person did not turn his back on them.D the person only half hid his face.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The expression “are tuned into“ probably meansA be ignorant of.B be insensitive to.C be responsive to.D be oblivious to.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).

22、The best title for the text isA Your Dog Is Watching You.B Dogs Are More Intelligent Than You Think.C Dogs Are the Greatest Cheaters of the World.D Dogs Are Often Taught to Perform Forbidden Behavior.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For years, smokers have been exhorted to take the initiativ

23、e and quit: use a nicotine patch, chew nicotine gum, take a prescription medication that can help, call a help line, just say no. But a new study finds that stopping is seldom an individual decision. Smokers tend to quit in groups, the study finds, which means smoking cessation programs should work

24、best if they focus on groups rather than individuals. It also means that people may help many more than just themselves by quitting: quitting can have a ripple effect prompting an entire social network to break the habit. The study, by Dr. Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School and James Fowl

25、er of the University of California, San Diego, followed thousands of smokers and nonsmokers for 32 years, from 1971 until 2003, studying them as part of a large network of relatives, co-workers, neighbors, friends and friends of friends. It was a time when the percentage of adult smokers in the Unit

26、ed States fell to 21 percent from 45 percent. As the investigators watched the smokers and their social networks, they saw what they said was a striking effectsmokers had formed little social clusters and, as the years went by, entire clusters of smokers were stopping en masse. So were clusters of c

27、lusters that were only loosely connected. Dr. Christakis described watching the vanishing clusters as like lying on your back in a field, looking up at stars that were burning out. “Its not like one little star turning off at a time,“ he said,“Whole constellations are blinking off at once. “ As clus

28、ter after cluster of smokers disappeared, those that remained were pushed to the margins of society, isolated, with fewer friends, fewer social connections. “Smokers used to be the center of the party,“ Dr. Fowler said, “but now theyve become wallflowers.“ “Weve known smoking was bad for your physic

29、al health,“ he said,“But this shows it also is bad for your social health. Smokers are likely to drive friends away. “ “There is an essential public health message,“ said Richard Suzman, director of the office of behavioral and social research at the National Institute on Aging, which financed the s

30、tudy. “Obviously, people have to take responsibility for their behavior,“ Mr. Suzman said. “But a social environment,“ he added, “can just overpower free will. “ With smoking, that can be a good thing, researchers noted. But there also is a sad side. As Dr. Steven Sehroeder of the University of Cali

31、fornia, San Francisco, pointed out in an editorial accompanying the paper, “a risk of the marginalization of smoking is that it further isolates the group of people with the highest rate of smokingpersons with mental illness, problems with substance abuse, or both. /（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the follow

32、ing statements is true according to the opening paragraph? A Smokers have been prevented from quit smoking for years. B It is rare that smokers make a decision to quit. C It is preferable to abstain from smoking in groups. D Nonsmoker could be affected because of the ripple effects.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.

33、(2).The word “en masse“ (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means_. A at large B all together C in the end D respectively（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).By saying “but now they ve become wallflowers“ (Line 3, Paragraph 4), Dr. Fowler intends to show that_. A those who are isolated by clusters tend to quit smok

34、ing B those who keep smoking are now loosely connected to their previous groups C those ongoing smokers tend to drive their friend away in parties D smoking in clusters are bad for the health of individuals and society alike（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A Social

35、responsibility is widely-acknowledged. B Smokers ignoring social environment are self-centered. C Going on smoking is wrong-headed. D Social influence on smoking is double-edged.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A Big Social Factor in Quitting Smoking

36、B How to Quit Smoking Efficiently C Ripple Effect within Social Networks D Marginalization of Smoking Is Dangerous（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Halfway through “ The Rebel Sell,“ the authors pause to make fun of“ free-range“ chicken. Paying over the odds to ensure that dinner was not, in

37、a previous life, confined to tiny cages is all well and good. But“a free-range chicken is about as plausible as a sun-loving earthworm“ : given a choice, chickens prefer to curl up in a nice dark corner of the barn. Only about 15% of “free-range“ chickens actually use the space available to them.Thi

38、s is just one case in which Joseph Heath, who teaches philosophy at the University of Toronto, and Andrew Potter, a journalist and researcher based in Montreal, find fault with well-meaning but, in their view, ultimately naive consumers who hope to distance themselves from consumerism by buying thei

39、r shoes from Mother Jones magazine instead of Nike. Mr Heath and Mr Potter argue that“ the counterculture, “in all its attempts to be subversive, has done nothing more than create new segments of the market, and thus ends up feeding the very monster of consumerism and conformity it hopes to destroy.

40、 In the process ,they cover Marx, Freud, the experiments on obedience of Stanley Milgram, the films “Pleasantville“,“ The Matrix“ and “American Beauty“, 15th-century table manners, Norman Mailer, the Unabomber, real-estate prices in central Toronto (more than once), the voluntary-simplicity movement

41、 and the worlds funniest joke.Why range so widely? The authors beef is with a very small group: left-wing activists who eschew smaller, potentially useful campaigns in favor of grand statements about the hopelessness of consumer culture and the dangers of “selling out“. Instead of encouraging useful

42、 activities, such as pushing for new legislation, would-be leftists are left to participate in unstructured, pointless demonstrations against “globalization,“ or buy fair-trade coffee and free-range chicken, which only substitutes snobbery for activism. Two authors of books that railed against brand

43、s, Naomi Klein ( “No Logo“) and Alissa Quart (“Branded“), come in for special derision for diagnosing the problems of consumerism but refusing to offer practical solutions.Anticipating criticism, perhaps, Messrs Heath and Potter make sure to put forth a few of their own solutions, such as the 35-hou

44、r working week and school uniforms (to keep teenagers from competing with each other to wear ever-more-expensive clothes). Increasing consumption, they argue throughout, is not imposed upon stupid workers by overbearing companies, but arises as a result of a cultural “arms race“: each person buys mo

45、re to keep his standard of living high relative to his neighbors. Imposing some restrictions, such as a shorter working week, might not stop the arms race, but it would at least curb its most offensive excesses. (This assumes one finds excess consumption offensive; even the authors do not seem entir

46、ely sure. )But on the way to such modest suggestions, the authors want to criticise every aspect of the counterculture, from its disdain for homogenisation, franchises and brands to its political offshoots. As a result, the book wanders: chapters on uniforms and on the search for “cool“ could have b

47、een cut. Moreover, the authors make the mistake of assuming that the consumers they sympathise with-the ones who buy brands and live in tract houses-know enough to separate themselves from their purchases, whereas the free-trade-coffee buyers swallow the brand messages whole, as it were.Still, it wo

48、uld be a shame if the books ramblings kept it from getting read. When it focuses on explaining how the counterculture grew out of post-World War critiques of modern society, “The Rebel Sell“ is a lively read, with enough humour to keep the more theoretical stretches of its argument interesting. At t

49、he very least, it puts its finger on a trend: there will be plenty of future critics of capitalism lining up for their free-range chicken.（分数：10.00）(1).The joke about “free-range“ chicken is used in the text toA introduce the topic of anti-consumerism.B draw a comparison between chicken and earthworm.C stres