【考研类试卷】中医综合-方剂学(八)及答案解析.doc

1、中医综合-方剂学(八)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is (1) only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, (2) embarrassed. You have

2、to take a commuter train any morning or evening to (3) the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive. (4) , there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of beh

3、avior which, (5) broken, makes the offender immediately the object of (6) .It has been known as a fact that a British has a (7) for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it (8) . Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom (9) forecast an

4、d hence becomes a source of interest and (10) to everyone. This may be so. (11) a British cannot have much (12) in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong (13) a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in t

5、he street seems to be as accurate or as inaccurate as the weathermen in his (14) .Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references (15) weather that the British make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are (16) by comments on the weather. “Nice day

6、, isnt it?“ “Beautiful!“ may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how are you?“ (17) the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. (18) he wants to start a conversation with a British but is (19) to know where to begin

7、, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will (20) an answer from even the most reserved of the British.（分数：10.00）(1).A relaxed B frustrated C amused D exhausted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A yet B otherwise C even D so（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A experience B witness C w

8、atch D undergo（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A Deliberately B Consequently C Frequently D Apparently（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A unless B once C while D as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A suspicion B opposition C criticism D praise（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A emotion B fancy C likeness D judgment（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A at length B

9、to a great extent C from his heart D by all means（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A follows B predicts C defies D supports（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A dedication B compassion C contemplation D speculation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A Still B Also C Certainly D Fundamentally（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A faith B reliance C honor

10、D credit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A if B once C when D whereas（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A propositions B predictions C approval D defiance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A about B on C in D to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A started B conducted C replaced D proposed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A Since B Although C However D Only if（

11、分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A Even if B Because C If D For（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A at a loss B at last C in group D on the occasion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A stimulate B constitute C furnish D provoke（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The swine fl

12、u will probably return in force earlier than seasonal flu usually begins, federal health officials predicted Friday, saying they expected it to erupt as soon as schools open rather than in October or November. The swine flu is still circulating in the United States, especially in summer camps, even

13、though hot weather has arrived and the regular flu season ended months ago, “so we expect challenges when people return to school, when kids are congregating together,“ Dr. Anne Schuchat, director of respiratory diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said in a telephone news con

14、ference held jointly with vaccine experts from the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services. It is still unclear how many doses of a swine flu vaccine will be available by then, and officials have been reluctant to make firm predictions beyond saying that they exp

15、ect tens of millions, rather than hundreds of millions, and they plan to distribute them to people who are the most vulnerable, like pregnant women and people who are the most likely to encounter the flu, like health care workers. The number of doses available will depend on how fast seed strains gr

16、ow, how much protection a small dose provides, and whether immune-system boosters called adjuvants are needed and prove to be safe; adjuvants are not used in American flu vaccines now. Clinical trials testing those questions are expected to take another couple of months, said Dr. Jesse L. Goodman, d

17、irector of the F. DAs Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. Assuming a swine flu vaccination campaign begins, it will be voluntary, Dr. Schuchat emphasized, but she “strongly encouraged“ pregnant women to get both a seasonal flu shot and a swine flu shot when they are available. The CDChas b

18、een closely following the disease in the Southern Hemisphere winter, and it is mimicking the patterns seen in the United States and Mexico in the spring, she said. Most infections and most serious cases are in children and young adults, and those with underlying conditions, including pregnancy, are

19、the most likely to die. Dr. Schuchat likened the spreads unpredictability to that of popcorn: one city could see an explosion of cases and overwhelmed hospitals while another saw few. Her most important message, she added, was that “the virus isnt gone, and we fully expect there will be challenges i

20、n the fall. “ （分数：10.00）(1).Why did officials expect the swine flu to erupt as soon as schools open rather than in October or November? A There will be sufficient swine flu vaccines then. B The swine flu is still circulating. C The cold weather then will hinder their work. D People will be plunged i

21、nto panic by then.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What measures will be taken due to the potential insufficiency of swine flu doses? A Urge the factory to accelerate production. B Speed up the clinic trials. C Distribute the vaccines to people who are the most vulnerable. D Still encourage people to reduce the

22、ir public activities and remain at home.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, what does “adjuvant“ (Para 4, Line 2) refer to? A An immune-system booster. B Another kind of vaccine. C A new medicine. D A new dangerous virus.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following questions is not included i

23、n “those questions“ (Para 5, Line 1) ? A How fast do seed strains grow? B How much protection does a small dose provide? C Are adjuvants needed and prove to be safe? D How much will such doses cost?（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is the most infective to this disease? A A twelve-year old

24、 school boy. B A twenty-seven year old athlete. C A fifty-year old male gardener. D A forty-seven year old female driver.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is no longer just dirty blue-collar jobs in manufacturing that are being sucked offshore but also white-collar service jobs, which used

25、 to be considered safe from foreign competition. Telecoms charges have tumbled, allowing workers in far-flung locations to be connected cheaply to customers in the developed world. This has made it possible to offshore services that were once non-tradable. Morgan Stanleys Mr. Roach has been drawing

26、attention to the fact that the “global labour arbitrage“ is moving rapidly to the better kinds of jobs. It is no longer just basic data processing and call centres that are being outsourced to low-wage countries, but also software programming, medical diagnostics, engineering design, law, accounting

27、, finance and business consulting. These can now be delivered electronically from anywhere in the world, exposing skilled white-collar workers to greater competition.The standard retort to such arguments is that outsourcing abroad is too small to matter much. So far fewer than lm American service-se

28、ctor jobs have been lost to off-shoring. Forrester Research forecasts that by 2015 a total of 3.4m jobs in services will have moved abroad, but that is tiny compared with the 30m jobs destroyed and created in America every year. The trouble is that such studies allow only for the sorts of jobs that

29、are already being off-shored, when in reality the proportion of jobs that can be moved will rise as IT advances and education improves in emerging economies.Alan Blinder, an economist at Princeton University, believes that most economists are underestimating the disruptive effects of off-shoring, an

30、d that in future two to three times as many service jobs will be susceptible to off-shoring as in manufacturing. This would imply that at least 30% of all jobs might be at risk. In practice the number of jobs off-shored to China or India is likely to remain fairly modest. Even so, the mere threat th

31、at they could be shifted will depress wages.Moreover, says Mr. Blinder, education offers no protection. Highly skilled accountants, radiologists or computer programmers now have to compete with electronically delivered competition from abroad, whereas humble taxi drivers, janitors and crane operator

32、s remain safe from off-shoring. This may help to explain why the real median wage of American graduates has fallen by 6% since 9000, a bigger decline than in average wages.In the 1980s and early 1990s, the pay gap between low-paid, low-skilled workers and high-paid, high-skilled Workers widened sign

33、ificantly. But since then, according to a study by David Autor, Lawrence Katz and Melissa Kearney, in America, Britain and Germany workers at the bottom as well as at the top have done better than those in the middle-income group. Office cleaning cannot be done by workers in India. It is the easily

34、standardised skilled jobs in the middle, such as accounting, that are now being squeezed hardest. A study by Bradford Jensen and Lori Kletzer, at the Institute for International Economics in Washington D. C., confirms that workers in tradable services that are exposed to foreign competition tend to

35、be more skilled than workers in non-tradable services and tradable manufacturing industries.（分数：10.00）(1).To offshore services that were once non-tradable results from _.A the blue-collar job marketB the geographic location of the underdeveloped worldC the fierce competition among skilled workersD t

36、he dive of telecoms fee（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is the typical reply concerning off-shoring?A Service-sector has sustained a great loss.B White-collar workers will not have a narrow escape.C Most economists underestimated the effects of off-shoring.D Outsourcing abroad

37、has no significant impact.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, Forrester Research Prediction might be different if _.A outsourcing abroad is large enough to matter muchB the proportion of jobs that can be moved will riseC more comprehensive factors are taken into accountD education improvemen

38、t in emerging economies plays a role（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The narrative of the text in the last three paragraphs concentrates on _.A the standard retort to the argumentsB off-shoring and the resulting incomeC the future off-shoringD the counter-measures at hand（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the follow

39、ing could be the best title for the text?A Business consulting.B Blue-collar jobs.C Non-tradable services.D White-collar blues.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is a favorite pastime of older people to lament the defects of the young. Every generation seems to be convinced that in its day,

40、 standards were higher, schools were tougher and kids were smarter. But if I.Q. scores are any measure, and even their critics agree they measure something, people are getting smarter. Researchers who study intelligence say scores around the world have been increasing so fast that a high proportion

41、of people regarded as normal at the turn of the century would be considered way below average by todays tests. Psychologists offer a variety of possible explanations for the increase, including better nutrition, urbanization, more experience with test taking, and smaller families. Some even say that

42、 television and video games have made childrens brains more agile. But no explanation is without its critics, and no one can say with certainty what effects, if any, the change is having on how people lead their daily lives. It is all the more mysterious because it seems to be happening in the absen

43、ce of a simultaneous increase in scores on achievement tests. One explanation for the rise is ruled out: genetics. Because the increase has taken place in a relatively short period of time, it cannot be due to genetic factors. The worldwide pattern of rising scores in industrialized nations was disc

44、overed by Dr. James R. Flynn, now a professor at the University of Otego, New Zealand. He began looking into the subject in the 1980s in an effort to rebut Dr. Arthur Jensen, the professor from the UC Berkeley who argued that even if the environments of blacks and whites were equalized, the 15-point

45、 gap in I. Q. scores between the races would only be partly eliminated. As Dr. Flynn investigated, he found that I. Q. scores were going up almost everywhere he looked. Although the gap remains, Dr. Flynn said the movement in scores suggests that the gap need not be permanent. If blacks in 1995 had

46、the same mean I. Q. that whites had in 1945, he said, it may be that the average black environment of 1995 was equivalent in quality to the average white environment of 1945. “Is that really so implausible?“ Dr. Flynn asked. Meanwhile, the kinds of intelligence that are promoted and respected vary f

47、rom time to time, said Dr. Patricia Greenfield, a psychology professor at the UCLA. Playing computer games like Tetris promotes very different skills from reading novels. The new skills, she said, are manifested in the world. “Flynn will tell you we dont have more Mozarts and Beethovens,“ Dr. Greenf

48、ield said, “I say, look at the achievements of science, like DNA. Or look at all the technological developments of this century. /（分数：10.00）(1).The case of older people is mentioned to_. A illustrate the defects of young people B stress that standards of education are dropping C imply that young peo

49、ple are actually not more stupid than earlier generations D compare the intelligence gap between generations（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is true of the intelligence increase according to the text? A Its influence on peoples life is not clear. B It is the result of better nutrition. C Ach