【考研类试卷】中国人民大学真题2004年及答案解析.doc

1、中国人民大学真题 2004年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages _ patriotism.（分数：1.00）A.obsoleteB.aggressiveC.harmoniousD.amiable2.One can understand others

2、much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and _ to expressed thoughts.（分数：1.00）A.dilemmasB.countenancesC.concessionsD.junctions3.People innately _ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.（分数：1.00）A.striveB.

3、ascertainC.justifyD.adhere4.Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife _ for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.（分数：1.00）A.conservationB.maintenanceC.storageD.reserve5.Acc

4、ording to the latest report, consumer confidence _ a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.（分数：1.00）A.soaredB.mutatedC.plummetedD.fluctuated6.Melissa is a computer _ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.（分数：1.00）A.geniusB.vi

5、rusC.diseaseD.bacteria7.The _ emphasis on examinations is by far the worst form of competition in schools.（分数：1.00）A.negligentB.edibleC.fabulousD.disproportionate8.The boy seemed more _ to their poverty after seeing how his grandparents lived.（分数：1.00）A.reconciledB.consolidatedC.deterioratedD.attrib

6、uted9.During his two-month stay in China, Tom never _ a chance to practice his Chinese.（分数：1.00）A.passed onB.passed upC.passed byD.passed out10.When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his _ can be distributed.（分数：1.00）A.paradoxesB.legaciesC.platitudesD.analogies二、BPart B/B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)

7、11.He claims that advertising today tends to Uportray/U women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby. A. depict B. advocate D. criticize D. analyze（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinar

8、y life could possibly rival.（分数：1.00）A.confirmB.achieveC.matchD.exaggerate13.The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic industrial wastes.（分数：1.00）A.imminentB.recyclableC.smellyD.poisonous14.British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would not be fired without a

9、n attempt to win a further U. N. sanction.（分数：1.00）A.alliesB.delegatesC.votersD.juries15.The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our childrens college and our own retirement security is chilling.（分数：1.00）A.frighteningB.promisingC.freezingD.revealing16.Their signing of the treaty was regarded

10、 as a conspiracy against the British Crown.（分数：1.00）A.secret planB.bold attackC.clever designD.joint effort17.Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different theoretical and political positions.（分数：1.00）

11、A.trustworthyB.intelligentC.diligentD.meticulous18.Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, there are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.（分数：1.00）A.intriguingB.exasperatingC.demonstrativeD.unprovoked19.The gang derived their nickname from their dark

12、clothing and blacked up faces for nocturnal raids in the forest.（分数：1.00）A.illegalB.night-timeC.brutalD.abusive20.Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight.（分数：1.00）A.mercurialB.gallantC.ardentD.frugal三、BPart Cloze/(总题数：1，分数：20.00)BDir

13、ections:/B Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea,U (21) /Uinto a hobby and lately hasU (22) /Uinto a

14、full-time passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidatesU (23) /UElectrical Engineering at Stanford University, started their guide in April 1994 as a way to keepU (24) /Uof their personal interest on the internet. Before long theyU (25) /Uthat their home-brewed li

15、sts were becoming too long andU (26) /U. Gradually they began to spend more and more time on Yahoo.During 1994, theyU (27) /Uyahoo into a customized database designed toU (28) /Uthe needs of the thousands of usersU (29) /Ubegan to use the service through the closelyU (30) /UInternet community. They

16、developed customized software to help themU (31) /Ulocate, identify and edit materialU (32) /Uon the Internet. The name Yahoo isU (33) /Uto stand for “Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle“, but Filo and Yang insist they selected theU (34) /Ubecause they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo itsel

17、f firstU (35) /Uon Yangs workstation, “akebono“, while the search engine wasU (36) /Uon Filos computer, “Konishiki“.In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their filesU (37) /Uto larger computersU (38) /Uat Netsc

18、ape. As a result Stanfords computer network returned toU (39) /U, and both parties benefited. Today, YahooU (40) /Uorganized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.（分数：20.00）A.becameB.grewC.turnD.intendA.madeB.sawC.lookedD.turnedA.inB.onC.aboutD.forA.touchB.contactC.trackD.r

19、ecordA.foundedB.foundC.arguedD.reportedA.unwieldyB.toughC.tamableD.invaluableA.exchangedB.shankC.soldD.convertedA.explainB.serveC.discoverD.evaluateA.whichB.thatC.actuallyD.eagerlyA.relativeB.interactiveC.boundD.contactedA.fluentlyB.efficientlyC.exactlyD.actuallyA.transmittedB.purchasedC.soldD.store

20、dA.aboutB.boundC.goingD.supposedA.fableB.modelC.nameD.brandA.supportedB.residedC.livedD.launchedA.connectedB.lodgedC.introducedD.linkedA.overB.awayC.insideD.beneathA.housedB.caughtC.hosedD.hiddenA.averageB.normalC.ordinaryD.equalA.attainsB.detainsC.maintainsD.contains四、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：20.00)

21、BDirections:/B Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneGuthries contiguity principle offers pra

22、ctical suggestions for how to break habits.One application of the threshold method involves the time young children spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities are scheduled to last n

23、o longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often result to apply Guthries theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could gradually inc

24、rease the time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold method also can be applied to teaching printing and handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements are awkward and they lack fine motor coordination. The distances between lines on a page are purposely

25、wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students letters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them

26、refine their skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, give them a large stack of paper, and tell them to start making paper airplanes. After the stud

27、ents have made several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, the teacher might decide to have these st

28、udents continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The media center teacher might ask the students to find interesting books and read them while

29、in the center. Assuming that the students find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher realized that using the board and

30、overhead projector while lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involve students and raise their interest in the course.（分数：5.00）(1).The purpose of this passage is to _.（分数：1.00）

31、A.informB.persuadeC.debateD.narrate(2).Guthrie identified three methods for _.（分数：1.00）A.educating studentsB.altering bad habitsC.avoiding undesired actionD.forming good hobbies(3).Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method?（分数：1.00）A.Parents introduce spinach in smal

32、l bites or mixed with a food that the child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B.Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young children and gradually increase session length but not to where students become frustrated or bored.C.Paper with wider line

33、s is first used and then paper with narrow lines is introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D.A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fun by his parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.(4).To stop snacking while watching t

34、elevision, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over time, watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snacking. What method is used in this example?（分数：1.00）A.The threshold method.B.The fatigue method.C.The incompatib

35、le response method.D.The punishment method.(5).We can draw the conclusion from the passage that _.（分数：1.00）A.The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes exhausted.B.The threshold method refers to introducing

36、undesired behavior with a response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be performed simultaneously.C.The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformed into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes a cue for not performing it.D.Th

37、e fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child make response incompatible with unwanted response.Passage TwoThe increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the languag

38、e and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, t

39、he US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. “Nova“ is Latin for “new (star)“ and means “star“ in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like “no va“, meaning “it doesnt go“. Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed

40、 meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales “picked up“ dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. One American food companys friendly “Jolly Green Giant“ (for advertising vegetables) became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic

41、 as “Intimidating Green Ogre“.When translated into German, Pepsis popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi“ came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave“: No wonder customers in Germany didnt rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesnt stop with good translations-other aspects of c

42、ulture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to in

43、troduce a new perfume into the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The main reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countriesHaving awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much

44、 more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called “back translation“ to reduce the possibility of blunders.T

45、he process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunders

46、tandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be short and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.（分数：5.00）(1).The best title of this passage might be _.（分数：1.00）A.Culture Is Very Imp

47、ortant in AdvertisingB.Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between NationsC.Overcome Cultural Shock in Different CountriesD.Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles(2).What does the word “blunder“ mean in this passage?（分数：1.00）A.hesitationB.mistakeC.stutterD.default(3).Which of the following statement

48、s can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6?（分数：1.00）A.Cultural shocksB.Faulty translationsC.Avoid cultural oversightsD.Prevent blunders(4).We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “camellia“ most probably mean _.（分数：1.00）A.an animal used in perfume for its smellB.a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funeralsC.a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funeralsD.an ornament used in perfume and at funerals(5).One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to _.（分数：1.00）A.fire the translators who dont kno