【考研类试卷】中国科学院2006年3月博士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案解析.doc

1、中国科学院 2006 年 3 月博士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.The problem is that most local authorities lack the _ to deal sensibly in this market.（分数：0.50）A.anticipationB.perceptionC.prospectD.expertise2.Awards provide a(n) _ for young people to improve their skills.（分

2、数：0.50）A.incentiveB.initiativeC.fugitiveD.captive3.The profit motive is inherently _ with principles of fairness and equity.（分数：0.50）A.in lineB.in tradeC.at timesD.at odds4.Oil is derived from the _ of microscopic sea creatures, and is even older, according to most geologists.（分数：0.50）A.layoutsB.rem

3、indersC.remainsD.leftovers5.Successful students sometimes become so _ with grades that they never enjoy their school years.（分数：0.50）A.passionateB.involvedC.immersedD.obsessed6.Apparently there were _ between police reports taken from the same witnesses at different times.（分数：0.50）A.distortionsB.disc

4、repanciesC.disordersD.distractions7.It had been a terrible afternoon for Jane, _ at about six oclock in her fathers sudden collapse into unconsciousness.（分数：0.50）A.convergingB.culminatingC.finalizingD.releasing8.The 12-year-old civil war had _ 1.5 million lives.（分数：0.50）A.declaredB.proclaimedC.claim

5、edD.asserted9.The tribe has agreed to contribute 2 percent of net _ to charitable activities in the county.（分数：0.50）A.expensesB.revenuesC.budgetsD.payments10.This will make schools mole directly and effectively _ to parents, and more responsive to their criticisms and wishes.（分数：0.50）A.accountableB.

6、submittedC.subjectedD.available11.Make up your mind that whatever the short-term temptations may be, you will never _ from the highest standards of honor.（分数：0.50）A.deviateB.escapeC.deriveD.refrain12.They teach the vocabulary of the English used in computer science, which is also listed _ in the glo

7、ssary.（分数：0.50）A.in sumB.in totalC.in generalD.in full13.This brings a feeling of emptiness that can never be filled and leaves us with a _ for more.（分数：0.50）A.scarcityB.commandC.hungerD.request14.Job fairs are usually very lively and informal, and you can roam _, surveying what is on offer and gath

8、ering literature on jobs you might not have considered in the everyday run of things.（分数：0.50）A.at peaceB.at leisureC.at restD.at speed15.The closest _ to English and Welsh grammar schools are called grammar secondary schools; they can, however, accept some fee-paying pupils.（分数：0.50）A.equalityB.equ

9、ationC.equivalentD.equity16.At first the university refused to purchase the telescope, but this decision was _ revised.（分数：0.50）A.consecutivelyB.consequentlyC.successivelyD.subsequently17.He _ us as consistently fair and accurate about the issues we are concerned about.（分数：0.50）A.confusesB.regardsC.

10、strikesD.knocks18.The water was so clear that it _ the trees on the river bank.（分数：0.50）A.shadowedB.shadedC.representedD.reflected19.Some 121 countries may be designated “developing“, and of this 121, seventeen countries _ more than four-fifths of energy consumption.（分数：0.50）A.amount toB.account for

11、C.add upD.take away20.The researchers found the age at which young people first fall _ to bullies seems to determine how much it affects them.（分数：0.50）A.sacrificeB.shortC.witnessD.victim二、BPart Cloze/(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Given the choice between spending an evening with friends and taking extra time for

12、his school-work, Andy Klise admits he would probablyU (21) /Ufor the latter. Its not that he doesnt like to have fun; Its just that his desire to excelU (22) /Udrives his decision-making process.A 2001 graduate of Wooster High School and now a senior biology major at The College of Wooster, Klise ac

13、knowledges that he may someday haveU (23) /Uthoughts about his decision to limit the time he has spentU (24) /U, but for now, he is comfortable with the choices he has made. “If things had notU (25) /Uout as well as they have, I would have had some regrets,“ says Klise, who was a Phi Beta Kappa indu

14、ctee as a junior. “But spending the extra time studying has been well worth theU (26) /U. I realized early on that to be successful, I had to make certainU (27) /U.“U (28) /Uthe origin of his intense motivation, Klise notes that it has been part of his makeup for as long as he can remember. “Ive alw

15、ays been goalU (29) /U,“ he says. “This internal drive has caused me to give my allU (30) /Upretty much everything I do.“KliseU (31) /UWoosters nationally recognized Independent Study (I. S. ) program with preparing him for his nextU (32) /Uin life: a research position with the National Institute of

16、 Health (NIH). “I am hoping that my I.S. experience will help meU (33) /Ua research position with NIH,“ says Klise. “The yearlong program gives students a chance to work with some of the nationsU (34) /Uscientists while making theU (35) /Ufrom undergraduate to graduate studies or a career in the med

17、ical field.“（分数：15.00）A.intendB.preferC.optD.searchA.academicallyB.professionallyC.sociallyD.technicallyA.differentB.certainC.secondD.otherA.entertainingB.socializingC.enjoyingD.sportingA.developedB.appearedC.occurredD.workedA.investmentB.rewardC.paymentD.compensationA.devotionsB.concessionsC.sacrif

18、icesD.attemptsA.BesidesB.As forC.Out ofD.DespiteA.directedB.orientedC.conductedD.guidedA.aboutB.withC.atD.inA.creditsB.registersC.selectsD.observesA.runB.stepC.paceD.leapA.holdB.occupyC.anchorD.andA.leadingB.advancedC.nominatedD.marvelousA.achievementB.transitionC.positionD.vocation三、BPart Reading (

19、总题数：5，分数：30.00)BPassage One/BShes cute, no question. Symmetrical features, flawless skin, looks to be 22 years oldentering any meat-market bar, a woman lucky enough to have this face would turn enough heads to stir a breeze. But when Victor Johnston points and clicks, the face on his computer screen

20、 changes into a state of superheated, crystallized beauty. “You can see it. Its just so extraordinary,“ says Johnston, a professor of biopsychology at New Mexico State University who sounds a little in love with his creation.The transformation from pretty woman to knee-weakening babe is all the more

21、 amazing because the changes wrought by Johnstons software are, objectively speaking, quite subtle. He created the original face by digitally averaging 16 randomly selected female Caucasian faces. The changing program then exaggerated the ways in which female faces differ from male faces, creating,

22、in human-beauty-science field, a “hyper-female“. The eyes grew a bit larger, the nose narrowed slightly and the lips plumped. These are shifts of just a few millimeters, but experiments in this country and Scotland are suggesting that both males and females find “feminized“ versions of averaged face

23、s more beautiful.Johnston hatched this little movie as part of his ongoing study into why human beings find some people attractive and others homely. He may not have any rock-solid answers yet, but he is far from alone in attempting to apply scientific inquiry to so ambiguous a subject. Around the w

24、orld, researchers are marching into territory formerly staked out by poets and painters to uncover the under-pinnings of human attractiveness.The research results so far are surprisingand humbling. Numerous studies indicate that human beauty may not be simply in the eye of the beholder or an arbitra

25、ry cultural artifact. It may be ancient and universal, wrought through ages of evolution that rewarded reproductive winners and killed off losers. If beauty is not truth, it may be health and fertility: Halle Berrys flawless skin may fascinate moviegoers because, at some deep level, it persuades us

26、that she is parasite-free.Human attractiveness research is a relatively young and certainly contentious fieldthe allure of hyper-females, for example, is still hotly debatedbut those on its front lines agree on one point: We wont conquer “looks-ism“ until we understand its source. As psychologist Na

27、ncy Etcoff puts it: “The idea that beauty is unimportant or a cultural construct is the real beauty myth. We have to understand beauty, or we will always be enslaved by it.“（分数：6.00）(1).The woman described in the very beginning of the text is _.（分数：1.00）A.in fact in her late twentiesB.Johnstons idea

28、l girlfriendC.a stunning beautyD.is a professional prostitute(2).Victor Johnston synthesized a new face by combining the features of 16 _.（分数：1.00）A.beautiful European womenB.different women around the worldC.casually chosen white womenD.ordinary western women(3).Through a few tiny changes made by J

29、ohnston, the synthesized face became even more _.（分数：1.00）A.masculineB.averageC.feminineD.neutral(4).Victor Johnston has produced such an attractive face in order to _.（分数：1.00）A.give his computer a beautiful screenB.study the myth of human attractivenessC.prove the human capacity to create beauties

30、D.understand why Caucasian faces are special(5).Paragraph 4 suggests that human beauty may be _.（分数：1.00）A.culturally differentB.a disease-free idolC.individual-dependentD.a world agreed value(6).Its a consensus among the researchers that humans are still unconscious of _.（分数：1.00）A.why they look at

31、tractiveB.when attractiveness is importantC.how powerful beauty isD.what constitutes beautyBPassage Two/BIts becoming something of a joke along the Maine-Canada border. So many busloads of retired people crisscross the line looking for affordable drugs that the roadside stands should advertise, “Lob

32、sters. Blueberries. Lipitor. Coumalin.“ Except, of course, that such a market in prescription drugs would be illegal.These senior long-distance shopping strees fall in a legal gray zone. But as long as people cross the border with prescriptions from a physician and have them filled for no more than

33、a three-month supply for personal use, customs and other federal officials leave them alone. The trip might be tiring, but people can save an average of 60 percent on the cost of their prescription drugs. For some, thats the difference between taking the drugs or doing without. “The last bus trip I

34、was on six months ago had 25 seniors,“ says Chellie Pingree, former Maine state senator and now president of Common Cause. “Those 25 people saved $19.000 on their supplies of drugs.“ Pingree sponsored Maine RX, which authorizes a discounted price on drugs for Maine residents who lack insurance cover

35、age. The law was challenged by drug companies but recently upheld by the U. S. Supreme Court. It hasnt yet taken effect.Figuring out ways to spend less on prescription drugs has become a multifaceted national movement of consumers, largely senior citizens. The prescription drug bill in America is $1

36、60 billion annually, and people over 65 fill five times as many prescriptions as working Americans on average. “But they do it on health benefits that are half as good and on incomes that are half as large,“ says Richard Evans, senior analyst at Sanford C. Bernstein, an investment research firm. Wha

37、ts more, seniors account for 20 percent of the voting public.Its little wonder that the May 19 Supreme Court ruling got the attention of drug manufacturers and politicians across the country. The often-over-looked state of 1.3 million tucked in the northeast corner of the country became David to the

38、 pharmaceutical industrys Goliath. The face-off began three years ago when state legislators like Pingree began questioning why Maines elderly population had to take all those bus trips.（分数：6.00）(1).The elderly Americans cross the Maine-Canada border in order to get drags that are _.（分数：1.00）A.sold

39、wholesaleB.over the counterC.less expensiveD.tax-free(2).We can learn from the second paragraph that _.（分数：1.00）A.people can buy as many drugs for personal useB.the cross-border drug shopping has been out of the federal controlC.Chellie Pingree used to be one of the cross-border shoppers for drugsD.

40、the cross-border shopping is the only way for some Americans to get drugs(3).Maine RX mentioned in Paragraph Two is a _.（分数：1.00）A.billB.drug companyC.customs officeD.seniors society(4).Most cross-border shoppers are retired people, rather than working Americans, because the former _.（分数：1.00）A.have

41、 more leisure timeB.fill more prescriptionsC.mostly enjoy long tripsD.are fond of street shopping(5).Politicians were interested in the May 19 Supreme Court ruling because _.（分数：1.00）A.they couldnt improve the well-being of the elderlyB.they couldnt afford to ignore the elderlys votesC.they saw the

42、elderly as the greatest contributorsD.they saw the elderly as deserving a special care(6).David and Goliath are names used to describe a situation in which _.（分数：1.00）A.the two groups are evenly matched in strengthB.a more powerful group is fighting a less powerful groupC.a less powerful group is fi

43、ghting a more powerful groupD.both of the two groups are losersBPassage Three/BIts navel gazing time again, that stretch of the year when many of us turn our attention inward and think about how we can improve the way we live our lives. But as we embark on this annual ritual of introspection, we wou

44、ld do well to ask ourselves a simple question: Does it really do any good?The poet Theodore Roethke had some insight into the matter: “Self-contemplation is a curse that makes an old confusion worse.“ As a psychologist, I think Roethke had a point, one thats supported by a growing body of controlled

45、 psychological studies.In a study I conducted with Dolores Kraft, a clinical psychologist, and Dana Dunn, a social psychologist, people in one group were asked to list the reasons their relationship with a romantic partner was going the way it was, and then rate how satisfied they were with the rela

46、tionship. People in another group were asked to rate their satisfaction without any analysis; they just gave their gut reactions.It might seem that the people who thought about the specifics would be best at figuring out how they really felt, and that their satisfaction ratings would thus do the bes

47、t job of predicting the outcome of their relationships.In fact, we found the reverse. It was the people in the “gut feeling“ group whose ratings predicted whether they were still dating their partner several months later. As for the navel gazers, their satisfaction ratings did not predict the outcom

48、e of their relationships at all. Rather, too much analysis can confuse people about how they really feel.Self-reflection is especially problematic when we are feeling down. Research by Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, a clinical psychologist at Yale University, shows that when people are depressed, ruminating on their problems makes things worse.For years it was believed that emergency workers like police officers and firefighters should undergo a debriefing process to focus on and relive their experiences; the idea was that this would make them fee