【考研类试卷】中国科学院硕士英语-4及答案解析.doc

1、中国科学院硕士英语-4 及答案解析(总分：54.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：11.50)1.Compared with his _, Putin adopted a more active, flexible and pragmatic foreign policy.（分数：0.50）A.ancestorB.predecessorC.forerunnerD.pioneer2.The researchers found the age at which young people first fall _ to bullies seems t

2、o determine how much it affects them.（分数：0.50）A.sacrificeB.shortC.witnessD.victim3.The chairman of the company said that new techniques had _ improved their production efficiency.（分数：0.50）A.violentlyB.severelyC.extremelyD.radically4.In a materialistic and _ society people“s interest seems to be focu

3、sed solely on monetary pursuit.（分数：0.50）A.adaptiveB.addictiveC.acquisitiveD.arrogant5.A knowledge of history _ us to deal with the vast range of problems confronting the contemporary world.（分数：1.00）A.equipsB.providesC.offersD.satisfies6.The profit motive is inherently _ with principles of fairness a

4、nd equity.（分数：0.50）A.in lineB.in tradeC.at timesD.at odds7.Although he has become rich, he is still very _ of his money.（分数：0.50）A.economicB.thriftyC.frugalD.careful8.The image of an unfortunate resident having to climb 20 flights of stairs because the lift is _ is now a common one.（分数：0.50）A.out of

5、 the wayB.on orderC.out of orderD.in no way9.If somebody is _, he is given a medal or other honor as an official reward for what he has done.（分数：1.00）A.confirmedB.decoratedC.appreciatedD.nominated10.Although he has become rich, he is still very _ of his money.（分数：0.50）A.economicB.thriftyC.frugalD.ca

6、reful11.He received the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences“ 1983 Crafoord Prize, established to honor fields not _ for the Nobel Prize.（分数：0.50）A.advisableB.noticeableC.eligibleD.favorable12.Monique is studying business administration because she wants to be a highly paid _ in a large company.（分数：0.5

7、0）A.primitiveB.executiveC.conservativeD.representative13.She makes no _of their affair in public and he understands that he is not to refer to it with these new acquaintances.（分数：0.50）A.concealmentB.complimentC.amendmentD.acknowledgement14.There are few, if any, countries in the world in which sport

8、s _ national life to the degree that they do in the US.（分数：0.50）A.permeateB.overwhelmC.submergeD.immerse15.The Japanese Prime Minister“s _ is a seat on the U N Security Council, for which he will be lobbying at the summit.（分数：0.50）A.precedenceB.promiseC.priorityD.procedure16.The_in our soaps should

9、come only from essential oils, which are steamed or pressed from plants.（分数：0.50）A.scentsB.scenariosC.scenesD.scales17.The realization of all the potential profits _ depends on sufficient spending by employers, by the government or by those purchasing exports.（分数：0.50）A.intimatelyB.universallyC.ulti

10、matelyD.instinctively18.As a developing country, we must keep _ with the rapid development of the world economy.（分数：0.50）A.moveB.stepC.speedD.pace19.We are a peaceful community but we cannot _ and allow the people responsible to destroy the fabric of our society.（分数：0.50）A.start upB.start offC.stand

11、 byD.stick out20.He cannot _ the fact that he was late again for the conference at the university yesterday.（分数：1.00）A.contribute toB.account forC.identify withD.leave out二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：6.00)The Solar Decathlon is under way, and team

12、s of students from 14 colleges and universities are building solar-powered homes on the National Mall in Washington, D. C. in an effort to promote this alternative energy source. This week judges in this Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored event will evaluate these homes and declare one the winner.

13、 Unfortunately, for the participants, it rained on the Sept 26th opening ceremonies, and the skies over the Washington have remained mostly overcast since. However, the conditions may have made for a more revealing demonstration of solar energy than was originally planned. Although the Solar Decathl

14、on“s purpose is to advertise the benefits of electricity-generating solar panels and other residential solar gadgets, the bad weather has made it hard to ignore the limitations. As fate so amply demonstrated, not every day is a sunny day, and indeed DOE“s “Solar Village on the National Mall“ has rec

15、eived very little of what it needs to run. Since solar is not an always available energy source, even a community consisting entirely of solar homes and businesses would still need to be connected to a constantly-running power plant (most likely natural gas or coal fired) to provide reliable electri

16、city. For this reason, the fossil fuel savings and environmental benefits of solar are considerably smaller than many proponents suggest. Washington, D. C. gets its share of sunny days as well, but even so, solar equipment provides only a modest amount of energy in relation to its cost. In fact, a $

17、 5, 000 rooftop photovoltaic system typically generates no more than $100 of electricity per year, providing a rate of return comparable to a passbook savings account. Nor do the costs end when the system is installed, lake anything exposed to the elements, solar equipment is subject to wear and sto

18、rm damage, and may need ongoing maintenance and repairs. In addition, the materials that turn sunlight into electricity degrade over time. Thus, solar panels will eventually need to be replaced, most likely before the investment has fully paid itself off in the form of reduced utility bills. Solar e

19、nergy has always had its share of true believers willing to pay extra to feel good about their homes and themselves. But for homeowners who view it as an investment, it is not a good one. The economic realities are rarely acknowledged by the government officials and solar equipment manufacturers inv

20、olved in the Solar Decathlon and similarly one-sided promotions. By failing to be objective, the pro-solar crowd does consumers a real disservice.（分数：6.00）(1).The Solar Decathlon is most probably the name of a _.（分数：1.00）A.technologyB.contestC.strategyD.machine(2).What does the author say about the

21、weather?（分数：1.00）A.It is rare for Washington, DB.It has been raining since Sept 26th for the most of the timeC.It is favorable to the manufacturers to promote solar equipmentD.It has helped see the disadvantages of solar energy(3).What has happened to DOE“s “Solar Village on the National Mall“?（分数：1

22、.00）A.It has revealed a mechanical problemB.It lacks the energy for operationC.It needs substantial financial supportD.It has drawn criticism from the government(4).The environmental benefits of solar power are small because _.（分数：1.00）A.solar power plants can hardly avoid polluting their surroundin

23、gsB.most people prefer the relatively simple use of fossil fuelC.the users of solar energy still cannot go without fossil fuelD.only several communities entirely consist of solar energy homes(5).It can be inferred that “a passbook savings account“ _.（分数：1.00）A.brings little interestB.brings much int

24、erestC.is a deposit of at least $ 100D.is a deposit of at least $ 5000(6).It can be inferred that in promoting solar energy the US government _.（分数：1.00）A.admits its limitation of being expensiveB.rarely mentions its cost to homeownersC.stands on the side of the majority of consumersD.remains more o

25、bjective than the solar equipment manufacturers五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：7.00)It is a treasure hunt with a difference: conducted not with metal detectors, but by negotiation. Italy is at last reaping the benefits of a two-year campaign to regain smuggled antiquities. Five American museums have been talke

26、d into returning works that they claim to have acquired in good faith. Almost 70 of the finest are now on display in Romeand they have just been joined by the only known intact work by Euphronios, an Athenian vase-painter. New ground is also being broken with the return of nine items from the privat

27、e collection of a New York philanthropist, Shelby White. This is the first pact negotiated with an individual. Francesco Rutelli, the culture minister, met Ms White twice in America before the deal was done. She has always maintained that she and her late husband had no idea that the pieces were sus

28、pect. A tenth item from their collection, also by Euphronios, is being sent back to Italy in 2010. Under Italian law, any classical artefacts found on Italian soil belong to the state, even if (like Euphronios“ vases) they originated in Greece. A former head of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angele

29、s and an American art dealer have been on trial for almost three years in Rome, charged with trafficking in illegally excavated objects. Both deny wrongdoing. Their charge was followed by a deal that officials say is crucial for efforts to curb the traffic in smuggled antiquities. Switzerland has un

30、dertaken to require importers of classical artifacts to produce proofs of origin and of legal export. The deals with the museums have all involved give-and-take. In exchange for works claimed by Italy, the museums have been given others on long-term loan. “Italian lovers of art and archaeology will

31、get back what has been stolen, while others abroad will profit from the exhibition of sometimes even more beautiful works,“ says Mr Rutelli. The deal with the Getty museum was the hardest to do but also the most productive. 40 of the works on show in Rome come from there. But they do not include the

32、 “Getty bronze“, which the Italians had hoped to retrieve. This third-century BC statue, attributed to Lysippos, Greek sculptor, was caught by Italian fishermen in 1964. The Getty insists that it was found in international waters. The Italians say it was still illegally exported.（分数：7.00）(1).Paragra

33、ph 1 mainly focus on Italy“s _.（分数：1.00）A.success in getting back some lost art treasure from abroadB.talk with foreign museums for returning its art treasuresC.effort to find out where its smuggled art treasures areD.exhibition of some of its world-famous art treasures(2).What can be learned about

34、Euphronios?（分数：1.00）A.His works have been scattered all over EuropeB.Ten of his works have been returned to ItalyC.His works have not been well preservedD.None of his works has ever been exhibited(3).Ms. White insisted that she got the Italian items _.（分数：1.00）A.for charitable purposesB.from her lat

35、e husbandC.by making a good dealD.in ignorance of their identity(4).The trial of the two Americans in Italy helped to push some countries to _.（分数：1.00）A.be strict with importing classical artifactsB.be tough to classical artifact traffickersC.require legal proof of all imported goodsD.stop importin

36、g art works of foreign origin(5).To reclaim its treasures from foreign museums, Italy has chosen to _.（分数：1.00）A.pay them for the long-time maintenanceB.let them display some of its other worksC.lend them money to buy some other worksD.help them find some precious works to display(6).What is true ab

37、out “Getty bronze“ according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.It was taken away from GreeceB.It was found by some Italian fishermenC.It was illegally exported to the D.It was buried somewhere in Italy(7).The best title for this passage might be _.（分数：1.00）A.Antiquity Smugglers SentencedB.Cost Paid for Wron

38、gdoingsC.Art Treasures Coming HomeD.Cultural Rarities on Display六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Ever since the 1750s, when the writer, satirist, statesman and inventor Benjamin Franklin put political cartooning on the map by publishing the first cartoon of the genre in America, artists have combined their

39、 talent, wit and political beliefs to create cartoons that enrage, enlighten or simply engage the viewer. A picture may paint a thousand words, but a cartoon provokes, protests and entertains all at once. It is this that makes cartoonists so valuable and influential in times of crisis. Today, that c

40、risis is climate change, and clever imagery can give new impetus to our struggle to combat global warming. The organizers of Earthworks 2008, a global cartoon competition, believe that art and humor are simple ways to get the environmental message across. “We set up the competition to give cartoonis

41、ts around the world a platform on which to express themselves,“ says John Renard, one of the Earthworks organizers. “We hoped the competition would stimulate cartoonists to use their pens and wit to help combat environmental devastation and give new impetus to our desperate fight to stop global warm

42、ing,“ he says. “After all, humor is often a valuable key in the struggle to win hearts and minds.“ But despite the sharp wit that pervades the cartoons, climate change is no laughing matter for their creators. The 50 or so countries from which the 600 competition entries were sent are all suffering

43、the effects of global warming, some more dramatically than others. Two cartoons were sent from Burma, where in May this year a tropical storm tore through five regions along the western coast, killing at least 100,000 people, and leaving millions more without shelter, food, or clean water. Although

44、governments around the world are reluctant to suggest, officially, that the disaster in Burma is a direct result of global warming, there“s little doubt that it will have added to the tropical storm“s destructive power. Studies published in the journals Nature and Science have demonstrated a link be

45、tween rising sea temperatures and increased wind-speed of tropical storms and hurricanes, and even US-government-funded organizations such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration admit that a warming of the global climate will affect the severity of storms. “Experiencing first-hand th

46、e catastrophic effects of climate change allowed these artists to give their cartoons a special sharpness,“ says Revent.（分数：6.00）(1).In America, it was Benjamin Franklin who_（分数：1.00）A.invented satirical cartoonsB.started cartooning on the mapC.initiated publishing cartoonsD.originated political car

47、toons(2).According to the Earthworks 2008 organizers, the fight against global warming_（分数：1.00）A.should be known to cartoonists worldwideB.may be simply described by means of cartoonsC.could add to a cartoonist“s sense of humorD.may arouse interest in cartoon competition(3).Cartoons“ worth in promo

48、ting environmental protection, as emphasized by John Renard, lies in their quality of being_（分数：1.00）A.picturesqueB.provocativeC.entertainingD.laughable(4).According to the passage, “the sharp wit“ (boldfaced in Paragraph 4) that fills the competition entries refers to the cartoonists“_（分数：1.00）A.am

49、using expressionB.cutting criticismC.political keennessD.bitter grievance(5).What does the passage say about the Burma disaster?（分数：1.00）A.Many governments denied its relevance to global warmingB.Two Burmese cartoonists portrayed its devastating damageC.It was a political hot potato for many govemment officialsD.The Burmese government was to blame for failing to predict it(6).With respect to global warming, the passage sugges