【考研类试卷】中国科学院考博英语-7及答案解析.doc

1、中国科学院考博英语-7 及答案解析(总分：99.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：11.50)1.Awards provide a(n) _ for young people to improve their skills.（分数：0.50）A.incentiveB.initiativeC.fugitiveD.captive2.While he was in Beijing, he spent all his time _ some important museums and buildings.（分数：0.50）A.visitingB.tra

2、velingC.watchingD.touting3.The profession fell into _, with some physicists sticking to existing theories, while others came up with the big-bang theory.（分数：0.50）A.harmonyB.turmoilC.distortionD.accord4.Workers in this country are getting higher wages while turning out poor products that do not _ the

3、 test of international competition.（分数：1.00）A.keep up withB.stand up toC.comply withD.attend to5.Building the Bird“s Nest calls for giant curving beams which crisscross in an _ pattern of woven steel.（分数：0.50）A.intuitiveB.intensiveC.intrinsicD.intricate6.The organ transplant community has_humans and

4、 monkeys for ethical reasons.（分数：0.50）A.knocked outB.bailed outC.pointed outD.ruled out7.Please do not be _ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.（分数：1.00）A.disgustedB.embarrassedC.irritatedD.shocked8.All sorts of technology have _ to make the new medical systems applied

5、in rural areas efficient and effective.（分数：0.50）A.come into playB.come into conflictC.taken actionD.taken place9.The prime minister“s proposal for new taxes created such a(n)_that his government fell.（分数：0.50）A.sensationB.upheavalC.withdrawalD.outbreak10.The burst of growth and prosperity in America

6、 after 1945 had social consequences that were _ anywhere in the world.（分数：0.50）A.unprecedentedB.unidentifiedC.unaccountableD.unremarkable11.Drink coffee when you“re sleepy; it“s a good _ and will help to keep you awake.（分数：0.50）A.incentiveB.promptC.stimulusD.appetite12.The prime minister“s proposal

7、for new taxes created such a(n)_that his government fell.（分数：0.50）A.sensationB.upheavalC.withdrawalD.outbreak13.The computer can be programmed to _ a whole variety of tasks.（分数：0.50）A.assignB.tackleC.realizeD.solve14.A knowledge of history _ us to deal with the vast range of problems confronting the

8、 contemporary world.（分数：1.00）A.equipsB.providesC.offersD.satisfies15.The most _ example of water pollution occurred in 1969, when the Cuyahoga River in Ohio caught fire and helped shock America into adopting the Clean Water Act.（分数：0.50）A.concreteB.preciseC.positiveD.notorious16.There was something

9、feverish, even _, in the manner in which shoppers crowded into shops in the last days before Christmas.（分数：0.50）A.desperateB.courageousC.discriminatingD.courteous17.Being colour-blind, Sally can“t make a _ between red and green.（分数：0.50）A.differenceB.distinctionC.comparisonD.division18.We should mak

10、e a clear _ between “competent“ and “proficient“ for the purposes of our discussion.（分数：0.50）A.separationB.divisionC.distinctionD.difference19.The current financial crisis _ a holistic, global approach to deal with all issues.（分数：0.50）A.cries out forB.gets hold ofC.boils down toD.goes in for20.The r

11、esearchers found the age at which young people first fall _ to bullies seems to determine how much it affects them.（分数：0.50）A.sacrificeB.shortC.witnessD.victim二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：6.00)States are considering major changes in prepaid colleg

12、e tuition programs - raising prices, restricting participation of canceling them - as they grapple with financial woes. Nationwide, families will likely have to pay more to participate, or accept that they might not cover tuition when children go to college. Colorado has closed its prepaid plan to n

13、ew investors and told existing ones that it may not cover future tuition increases. Wisconsin stopped selling its plan Dec. 20. Maryland and Illinois are among states hiking prices by 20% or more. Prepaid plans let parents lock in tuition by paying for it now, protecting them against rising costs. B

14、ut the hear market has hurt investment returns, leaving the plans unable to keep up with big increases in tuition. So far, Colorado is the only state that has told participants their investments may not cover tuition, and no plan has missed a payment. Other states have said they will fulfill obligat

15、ions, even if it requires a legislative bailout. Still, the financial problems have forced thousands to grapple with uncertainty - something prepaid plans were designed to avoid. More than 1 million families have an estimated $ 8 billion invested in the plans, says Saving for College. com . Some sta

16、tes, including Colorado, may replace the prepaid plan with a guaranteed investment contract, a CD-like investment that“s backed by an insurance company. Investors get a minimum rate of return, but no guarantee that it will cover tuition. Wisconsin“s EdVest program is encouraging investment in a stab

17、le value fund, which is similar to a guaranteed investment contract, in its investment plan. Wisconsin“s prepaid plan never guaranteed to cover tuition inflation. It also never got a lot of investors, possibly because it lacked that guarantee. In Florida, a task force is considering limiting the sta

18、te“s prepaid program to low-income families. Ohio officials are also looking at limiting participation, but it“s a measure they hope to avoid. “Program administrators are looking for alternatives,“ says Andrea Feirstein, a state-plan consultant. Maryland recently boosted its prices by up to 30%; Ill

19、inois by up to 23%. The increases have made some prepaid plans uneconomical for parents of older children. In Ohio, the price of one year“s tuition for a child over 12 months old is $ 8, 000, more than 40% above current tuition at Ohio State. SO it may not be a good deal for children starting colleg

20、e in three or four years because tuition may not jump that much that fast.（分数：6.00）(1).Prepaid college tuition is generally designed on the principle that _.（分数：1.00）A.it is easy to pay at the present timeB.it is economical in the long runC.it saves pains to pass the entrance examD.it ensures the ad

21、mission to the college(2).Many states plan to modify their prepaid college tuition programs _.（分数：1.00）A.under the mounting financial pressuresB.because of deficient college facilitiesC.to ease overcrowding problems in collegeD.to limit the participation of low-income families(3).The word “investors

22、“ (in boldface in Paragraph 2) most exactly refers to those who _.（分数：1.00）A.serve as the main source of finance to the stateB.invest money in developing local collegesC.sponsor colleges and their educational programsD.join the plan and pay the tuition in advance(4).Colorado now has told participant

23、s in the prepaid tuition plan that _.（分数：1.00）A.they would not have to make any other payment laterB.they would not be guaranteed against further paymentC.the plan would cover further tuition increasesD.the plan would be replaced by a guaranteed investment contract(5).The expression “a CD-like inves

24、tment“ (in boldface in Paragraph 5) most probably refers to an investment _.（分数：1.00）A.to support civil defenseB.put in producing compact discC.to promote show industryD.like certificate deposit(6).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that in Ohio _.（分数：1.00）A.prepaid plans require a participa

25、tion at most 3 or 4 years before starting collegeB.children may start college 3 or 4 years earlier than at a normal age if they prepay tuitionC.college tuition 3 or 4 years later may not be so high as today“s price of prepaid tuitionD.the younger a child to join the plan, the greater loss he/she wil

26、l suffer at the age for college五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Potentially offering a powerful new tool against terrorism, researchers have found a novel way to detect deception: in the liar“s blushing face. The technique, described in the journal, Nature, uses a thermal camera to detect sudden, involunta

27、ry shifts of blood flow in the face. The system performed as accurately as a traditional polygraph, the scientists report. Yet the camera can provide answers instantly, and does not require a highly trained specialist to operate it or interpret its results. This makes it far better suited than the p

28、olygraph for a new, high-tech approach to security that is already raising the hackles of civil libertarians: the screening of large numbers of citizens, at airports and other sensitive areas, who have done nothing wrong. “The next decade is going to see the development of truly accurate lie detecto

29、rs,“ said Stephen M. Kosslyn, an expert on detecting lies and a professor of psychology at Harvard University. The prototype, built by researchers at the Mayo Clinic and Honeywell Laboratories in Minnesota, is at least 2 years from being ready for general use. But other scientists said the discovery

30、 of previously unknown physiological changes in the face was itself an important step forward. “This is potentially very important work, which may open a new window on the mind,“ said Kosslyn. Pushed by technological advances, and with fresh interest, since Sept. 11, the discovery is part of a boom

31、in the scientific study of deceit and its detection. Although the lie remains a mysterious phenomenon, researchers in recent years have found a number of new approaches that might replace the polygraph, from brain scans, to subtle changes in eye movement, to sparks of electrical activity that signal

32、 a person has seen a victim or a crime scene before. The new finding, though, is remarkable for its simplicity. When a person tells a lie, the team found, there is a sudden rush of blood to the area around the eyes, according to the Mayo Clinic“s Dr. James A. Levine. Although the change is not: ordi

33、narily visible, the blood warms the skin, causing hands of color to appear through a camera sensitive to heat. The team devised a computer program that can identify the telltale changes based on the camera images. In testing at the US Department of Defense Polygraph Institute, which trains federal p

34、olygraph examiners, the device performed better than polygraphs, with 85 percent accuracy compared with 70 percent for the polygraph.（分数：6.00）(1).Compared with a traditional polygraph a thermal camera _.（分数：1.00）A.can show accurate resultsB.can easily be handled by anybodyC.is a high-tech approach t

35、o securityD.is used to fight against terrorism(2).The phrase “raising the hackles of“ (in boldface in Paragraph 3) most probably means _.（分数：1.00）A.arousing someone“s interestB.giving someone high priorityC.drawing someone“s attentionD.making someone feel very angry(3).A thermal camera is expected t

36、o detect deception by _.（分数：1.00）A.showing the physiological changes in the liar“s faceB.scanning the liar“s brain and his/her whole bodyC.catching the sudden movements of the liar“s eyesD.screening the sudden rush of the bar“s blood pressure(4).With respect to the advances in studying lie detection

37、 scientists think highest of _.（分数：1.00）A.simplifying the entire process of detectionB.the mechanic design of thermal camerasC.substituting new approaches for polygraphD.the discovery that one blushes while telling lies(5).It can safely be inferred that Sept. 11 _.（分数：1.00）A.confirmed the failure of

38、 polygraph in detecting deceptionB.made Americans begin to know about lie detectionC.gave a spur to the study of lie detection in the United StatesD.triggered America“s development of lie detectors(6).According to the passage thermal cameras _.（分数：1.00）A.have yet to be put to general useB.have prove

39、d successful since 2 years agoC.have to undergo tests at least half a yearD.have been playing a dominant role in lie detection六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：6.00)On the outside, Betsy Lueth“s school looks like any other in this arty neighborhood of Minneapolis: a sprawling, boxy red brick building with plain

40、steel doors. Yet inside, the blond, friendly Minnesotan presides over an institution unique in the heartland: Yinghua Academy, a chartered public school where elementary students of every ethnicity study subjects ranging from math to American history in Mandarin. The idea behind Yinghua, as with man

41、y immersion programs, is to introduce kids to the language and culture as early as possibleideally, before age 12, while they“re still absorbing information like sponges. Kindergartners and first-graders are taught exclusively in Mandarin, and a single period of English is introduced in the second g

42、rade. By the sixth grade, kids are learning half in English and half in Mandarin, with the expectation of proficiency in both. The challenges at Yinghua are numerous. Most teachers come from Taiwan or mainland of China, and cultural misunderstandings prevail. Lueth“s instructors are learning to be t

43、olerant of local norms like nontraditional families and boys who cryas well as a lot more parental input than they“re used to. “In China, teachers are revered. They are not questioned,“ says Luyi Lien, Yinghua“s Taiwan-born academic director. “In America, parents are more expressive of their opinion

44、s. “ Yinghua“s student body, once 70% Asian, is now 50% white, black or Hispanic. The school has more than tripled its enrollment, to 300 kids, many of whom commute an hour each day. Research has shown that in the long run, immersion programs can provide cognitive benefits, including more flexible,

45、creative thinking. Though students from the programs lag for a few years in English, by the fifth grade they perform as well as or better than their monolingual peers on standardized reading and math tests. For multicultural families, the psychological boost can also be important. Lueth“s adopted da

46、ughter, Lucy, used to squirm when cousins asked why her skin color was different from theirs. Now, Lucy proudly answers them, “Yeah, I was born in China. “ Lueth recently won an $800,000 grant from the Department of Education to develop a teaching model for immersion middle schools, and she advises

47、educators around the country who are starting their own programs. If Yinghua can make Mandarin a success in Minnesota, so can they. “This is a glorious culture and an increasingly important language that we are meaningfully teaching to our children. And we“re in the middle of nowhere. “（分数：6.00）(1).

48、According to the passage, Yinghua Academy is _.（分数：1.00）A.an English language school for immigrantsB.a high rise sticking out in the neighborhoodC.a grade school with students of different racesD.a unique institution with an Asian owner(2).In comparison with their counterparts in other schools aroun

49、d, Yinghua“s twelve-year-old Asian children would most probably be _.（分数：1.00）A.better at Western cultureB.more proficient in EnglishC.better at acquiring knowledgeD.more bilingually competent(3).Most instructors at Yinghua are trying to adapt themselves to the local parents who are _.（分数：1.00）A.soft with their childrenB.unafraid to be criticalC.as stubborn as muleD.respectful of nobody(4).According to the resea