【考研类试卷】中国科学院考博英语真题2014年3月及答案解析.doc

1、中国科学院考博英语真题 2014 年 3 月及答案解析(总分：130.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.The old bridge is not strong enough to allow the _ of heavy vehicles.（分数：0.50）A.passageB.routeC.tunnelD.pressure2.The widowed old woman was so lonely that she would talk _ to the strangers in the supermarkets about

2、her pets.（分数：0.50）A.at bestB.at lengthC.in bulkD.in effect3.Citizens of developed and developing nations alike face dangers from _ medicines; they pose a terrible hazard to public health.（分数：0.50）A.distinctiveB.proliferatingC.fraudulentD.getting along4.It must be much tougher than I realized, _ on j

3、ust 10,000 Yuan a year.（分数：0.50）A.getting byB.getting awayC.getting aroundD.getting along5.When the relationship of parents and children is at this low _, mutual love and respect need careful maintenance and rebuilding.（分数：0.50）A.rateB.rankC.scaleD.ebb6.To have a knowledge-based economy and a scient

4、ifically _ population, developing countries must invest in fundamental science and blue skies research.（分数：0.50）A.moderateB.obsoleteC.literateD.desperate7.New Zealanders colloquially refer to themselves as “Kiwis“, _ the country“s native bird.（分数：0.50）A.forB.byC.withD.after8.These are students who,

5、at some stage of their undergraduate careers have class, either _, or because they are asked to do so.（分数：0.50）A.voluntarilyB.selectivelyC.compulsorilyD.necessarily9.The sanctions are designed to force Libya to _ the two Lockerbie suspects and to co-operate in the investigation in a similar case.（分数

6、：0.50）A.hand inB.hand outC.hand downD.hand over10.I could then realize that he was a fever specialist of world _.（分数：0.50）A.renownB.domainC.prominenceD.authority11.The Labour defeat was a disaster, but it might be a blessing _.（分数：0.50）A.at libertyB.in disguiseC.at riskD.in sequence12.Science sugges

7、ts that the greater part of an optimistic outlook can be _ with the right instruction.（分数：0.50）A.acquiredB.imposedC.tracedD.fabricated13.True modesty does not _ an ignorance of our merits, but in a due estimate of it.（分数：0.50）A.count inB.fall inC.consist inD.rein in14.Nearly 4 out of 5 workers at th

8、e company take unpaid _ at least once a week.（分数：0.50）A.leaveB.shiftC.changeD.slot15.She walked round to the _ of the car and stood silently while he undid the boot and picked up her bag.（分数：0.50）A.reamB.ranchC.rearD.realm16.Good leadership requires you to surround yourself with people of _ perspect

9、ives who can disagree with you without feat of revenge.（分数：0.50）A.cynicalB.diverseC.dominantD.indifferent17.The small supplier firm will often be located near to the big firm, and will be expected to provide supplies _.（分数：0.50）A.on dutyB.on demandC.on purposeD.on record18.Operations which left pati

10、ents _ and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.（分数：0.50）A.ignoredB.exhaustedC.desertedD.alienated19.Disobedience will bring _ on the nation: fatal disease, famine, wild beasts ravaging the land, and war leading to exile.（分数：0.50）A.calamityB.provisi

11、onC.rivalryD.revival20.Obama reiterated his call today for Republicans and Democrats to _ their differences in the face of the economic crisis.（分数：0.50）A.lean onB.leak outC.leave outD.lay aside二、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The relationship between husbands and wives is one of the strongest bonds in ou

12、r society. It is deep, passionate, and often 1 . The exact amount of husband-wife violence is difficult to 2 , but it is one of the most common of all forms of violence. More calls to the police involve family disturbances 3 all other forms of violent behavior 4 . In 1993, New York city police 5 rec

13、eived 300,000 domestic violence calls. But researchers deemed that it was still an 6 . They estimate that it actually occurs in about one of 7 two marriages. In many societies, husbands have traditionally had the legal right to physically punish wives who refuse to accept male 8 . Although this prac

14、tice is no longer 9 in Western culture, it still occurs. 10 , many victims of spousal abuse find that the police are reluctant to be of much help. Battered women report that abusive husbands are merely given a lecture or spend the night in jail and are soon back to their 11 ways. There appear to be

15、two major reasons for this. First, most police officers are male, and they tend to hold a traditional view of gender roles. Even assaults that do serious physical harm to the 12 are often seen as private matters that should be 13 by the married partners, not the police. Second, 14 other violent crim

16、es, a significant percentage of the victim of spousal abuse drop the charges 15 their attackers, some officers feel that even a vigorous enforcement effort is likely to produce few results.（分数：15.00）A.fantasticB.alienC.violentD.stressfulA.controlB.proveC.supposeD.determineA.thanB.overC.aboveD.uponA.

17、documentedB.committedC.classifiedD.combinedA.aloneB.elseC.itselfD.onlyA.understatementB.underestimateC.undergroundD.underproductionA.thoseB.bothC.allD.everyA.prestigeB.authorityC.hierarchyD.temperamentA.referred toB.approved ofC.carried outD.interfered withA.ThereforeB.HoweverC.MoreoverD.MeanwhileA.

18、everlastingB.continuingC.threateningD.misunderstandingA.victimB.childrenC.societyD.policeA.disposedB.resolvedC.promisedD.concernedA.regardingB.unlikeC.rather thanD.concernedA.againstB.toC.forD.about三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：12.00)Mark Kelly is

19、originally from Lancashire in England. He has been living in Japan for six years and, at the weekend, he is a fake priest. “I was living in Sapporo, studying Japanese, and I needed the money. It“s far better paid than teaching in a language school,“ he said, “Being a fake priest is big business in J

20、apanI“ve done a TV commercial for one company,“ he added. “In Sapporo, there are five agencies employing about 20 fake priests. In a city like Tokyo, there must be hundreds.“ The fake Western priests are employed at Western-style wedding to give a performance and add to the atmosphere. These are not

21、 legal ceremoniesthe couples also have to make a trip to the local registrar. “In the past almost all weddings in Japan were Shinto, but in the last few years Western-style wedding have appeared and become very popular,“ said one Japanese priest. “Most couples are trying to re-create a European wedd

22、ing, so they overwhelmingly ask for a foreign priest instead of a Japanese one,“ he added. The fake priests in Japan sometimes have to deal with difficult situations. Mr. Kelly has often presided over ceremonies where the bride is pregnant. “It is common. Once, the bride vomited on me and then faint

23、ed. It wasn“t very romantic,“ he said. “Another difficulty is meeting genuine Japanese priests to meet the demand,“ he said. One Japanese Christian priest spoke out. “It is a real problem for us. They are not genuine and they give us a bad name,“ he said. “It is important for the bride and groom to

24、have a proper wedding, and they are not getting it from these foreign priests. I have even heard of hotels using staff when they can“t find anyone else.“ But Mr. Kelly argues that the ceremony is not about religion, but about image. “I give a good performance. I use an Apache wedding prayer in my ce

25、remony. It works very well, although I had to take out the part about the bear god in the sky,“ he said. “If people are crying by the end of the wedding, I think I have done a good job.“（分数：12.00）(1).What do we know about Mark Kelly?（分数：2.00）A.He“s a profession priestB.He“s a language studentC.He“s

26、working for a TV stationD.He“s earning a living in Japan(2).The fake Western priests are in great demand in Japan because of _.（分数：2.00）A.the popularity of Western-style weddingsB.the bad reputation of Japanese priestsC.the decline of the traditional religion, ShintoD.the low prices at which they ar

27、e hired(3).Using a foreign priest at a wedding in Japan is _.（分数：2.00）A.forbidden according to criminal lawB.meant for having a Western atmosphereC.aimed to save a trip to a registrarD.deemed necessary to add to the solemnity(4).According to the passage, Mr. Kelly considers his job rather _.（分数：2.00

28、）A.demandingB.amusingC.sacredD.creative(5).Japanese priest at a wedding in Japan is _.（分数：2.00）A.bringing an end to the occupationB.misleading the bride and groomC.damaging the image of the formerD.corrupting the morals of weddings(6).According to Mr. Kelly, what mostly interests a Japanese couple a

29、t the wedding is _.（分数：2.00）A.how well the priest can perform his roleB.what religious rituals are being followedC.whether other participants can be movedD.who can make them burst into tears六、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：12.00)There are already drugs that brighten moods, like Prozac, and other antidepressants

30、 that control levels of a brain chemical called serotonin. While originally meant to treat depression, these drugs have been used for other psychological conditions like shyness and anxiety and even by otherwise healthy people to feel better about themselves. But is putting people in a better mood r

31、eally making them happy? People can also drown their sorrows in alcohol or get a euphoric feeling using narcotics, but few people who do so would be called truly happy. The President“s Council on Bioethics said in a recent report that while antidepressants might make some people happier, they can al

32、so substitute for what can truly bring happiness: a sense of satisfaction with one“s identity, accomplishments and relationships. “In the pursuit of happiness human beings have always worried about falling for the appearance of happiness and missing its reality,“ the council wrote. It added, “Yet a

33、fraudulent happiness is just what the pharmacological management of our mental lives threatens to confer upon us.“ Now the race is on to develop pills to make people smarter. These drugs aim at memory loss that occurs in people with Alzheimer“s disease or a precursor called mild cognitive impairment

34、. But it is lost on no one that if a memory drug works and is safe, it may one day be used by healthy people to learn faster and remember longer. Studies have already shown that animals can be made to do both when the activity of certain genes is increased or decreased. Dr. Tom Tully, a professor at

35、 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, created genetically engineered fruit flies that he said had “photographic memory.“ They could, in one session, learn something that took normal flies 10 sessions. “It immediately convinced everyone that memory was going to be just another biological process,“ Dr. Tull

36、y said. “There“s nothing special about it. That meant that it was going to be treatable and manipulable.“ But experts say that improving memory will not necessarily make one smarter, in the sense of IQ, let alone in wisdom. “It would be a mistake to think that drugs that have an impact on memory nec

37、essarily will have an effect on intelligence,“ said Dr. Daniel L. Schacher, chairman of psychology at Harvard. “Is it a good thing to remember everything?“ Dr. Tully asked. Could a brain too crammed with information suffer some sort of overload?（分数：12.00）(1).Talking of antidepressants, the author ex

38、presses dissatisfaction with _.（分数：2.00）A.their wide promotionB.their original aimC.their extended useD.their free prescription(2).The word “euphoric“ (boldfaced in Paragraph 2) can be replaced by the word “_“.（分数：2.00）A.refreshedB.deceptiveC.regenerativeD.delighted(3).According to the Council“s rep

39、ort, for those who seek contentment with their lives, antidepressants can _.（分数：2.00）A.cheat themB.please themC.facilitate themD.scare them(4).The example of fruit flies is given to show that _.（分数：2.00）A.medication for improving memory is safeB.animals can do something humans cannotC.drugs can help

40、 healthy people learn fasterD.medical science can work some wonders(5).The author thinks that, to one, remembering everything could be _.（分数：2.00）A.damagingB.deludingC.discouragingD.dissatisfying(6).From the passage we can infer that medicines have little power in _.（分数：2.00）A.bringing one mixed fee

41、lingsB.solving psychological problemsC.making people remember betterD.manipulating brain disorders七、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：12.00)The staff of Normandy Crossing Elementary School outside Houston eagerly awaited the results of state achievement tests this spring. For the principal and assistant principal,

42、 high scores could buoy their careers at a time when success is increasingly measured by such tests. For fifth-grade math and science teachers, the rewards were more tangible: a bonus of $2,850. But when the results came back, some seemed too good to be true. Indeed, after an investigation by the Ga

43、lena Park Independent School District, the principal and three teachers resigned May 24 in a scandal over test tampering. The district said the educators had distributed a detailed study guide after stealing a look at the state science test by “tubing“ itsqueezing a test booklet, without breaking it

44、s paper seal, to form an open tube so that questions inside could be seen and used in the guide. The district invalidated students“ scores. Of all the forms of academic cheating, none may be as startling as educators tampering with children“s standardized tests. But investigations in many states thi

45、s year have pointed to cheating by educators. Experts say the phenomenon is increasing as the stakes over standardized testing become higherincluding, most recently, taking students progress on tests into consideration in teachers“ performance reviews. Many school districts already link teachers“ bo

46、nuses to student improvement on state assessments. Houston decided this year to use the data to identify experienced teachers for dismissal, and New York City will use it to make tenure decisions on novice teachers. The federal No Child Left Behind law is a further source of pressure. Like a high ju

47、mp bar set intentionally low in the beginning, the lawwhich mandates that public schools bring all students up to grade level in reading and math by 2014was easy to satisfy early on. But the bar is notched higher annually, and the penalties for schools that fail to get over it also rise: teachers an

48、d administrators can lose jobs and see their school taken over. No national data is collected on educator cheating. Experts who consult with school systems estimated that 1 percent to 3 percent of teachersthousands annuallycross the line between accepted was of boosting scores, like using old tests

49、to prepare students, and actual cheating. “Educators feel that their schools“ reputation, their livelihoods, their psychic meaning in life is at stake,“ said Robert Schaeffer, public education director for FairTest.（分数：12.00）(1).Paragraph 1 stresses the relationship between students“ test results and _.（分数：2.00）A.their teachers“ interestB.their families“ prestigeC.their own future successD.their school“s reputation(2).Acco