【考研类试卷】武汉大学真题2007年及答案解析.doc

1、武汉大学真题 2007 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Reading (总题数：5，分数：40.00)BDirections:/B There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice a

2、nd mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.What is so special about intuitive talent? Extensive research on brain skills indicates that those who score as highly intuitively on such test instruments as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator tend to be the

3、 most innovative in strategic planning and decisionmaking. They tend to be more insightful and better at finding new ways of doing things. In business, they are the people who can sense whether a new product idea will “fly“ in the marketplace. They are the people who will generate ingenious new solu

4、tions to old problems that may have festered for years. These are the executives that all organizations would love to find.But, surprisingly, organizations often thwart, block, or drive out this talent-the very talent they require for their future survival! At the very least, most organizations lack

5、 well- established human-capital programs designed to search for and consciously use their employees intuitive talent in the strategic-planning process. As a result, this talent is either not used, suppressed, or lost altogether.Typically, highly intuitive managers work in an organizational climate

6、that is the opposite of that which would enable them to flourish and to readily use their skills for strategic decisionmaking. This climate can be characterized as follows: New ideas are not readily encouraged. Higher managers choose others who think much as they do for support staff. Unconventional

7、 approaches to problemsolving encounter enormous resistance. Before long, the intuitive executive begins to emotionally withdraw, slowly but surely reducing his or her input and often leaving the organization altogether.To achieve higher productivity in the strategic-planning and decisionmaking proc

8、ess, clearly what is needed is an organizational climate in which intuitive brain skills and styles can flourish and be integrated with more-traditional management techniques. The organizations leadership must have a special sensitivity to the value of intuitive input in strategic decisionmaking and

9、 understand how to create an environment in which the use of intuition will grow, integrating it into the mainstream of the organizations strategic-planning process.（分数：8.00）(1).Which of the following does NOT describe intuitive talents?（分数：2.00）A.They are innovative in strategic planning.B.They are

10、 good at finding new approaches to old problems.C.They are the executives that all organizations would love to find.D.They are fully utilized.(2).Highly intuitive managers typically work in a climate that _.（分数：2.00）A.enables them to flourishB.discourages new ideasC.achieves higher productivityD.bot

11、h A and C(3).An executive might leave the organization because _.（分数：2.00）A.he is hurtB.he is firedC.his intuitive talent is not usedD.he earns too little(4).An organizations leadership should do all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.separating intuitive styles from traditional management techniq

12、uesB.learning how to use creative thinkingC.learning how to use problemsolving skillsD.none of the aboveThe geology of the Earths surface is dominated by the particular properties of water. Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transpor

13、ts, and precipitates many chemical compounds and is constantly modifying the face of the Earth.Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported by wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Prec

14、ipitated onto the ground, the water trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting what is called the hydrographic network. This immense polarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because water tends to

15、minimize its potential energy by running from high altitudes toward the reference point that is sea level.The rate at which a molecule of water passes through the cycle is not random but is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the average time for

16、a water molecule to pass through one of the three reservoirs-atmosphere, continent, and ocean-we see that the times are very different. A water molecule stays, on an average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. This last figure shows

17、 the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water transport on the continents.A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the continents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are

18、dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimes soils are destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from two clos

19、ely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.（分数：8.00）(1).According to the passage, clouds are primarily formed by water _.（分数：2.00）A.precipitating onto the groundB.changing from a solid to

20、a liquid stateC.evaporating from the oceansD.being carried by wind(2).The passage suggests that the purpose of the “hydrographic network“ is to _.（分数：2.00）A.determine the size of molecules of waterB.prevent soil erosion caused by floodingC.move water from the Earths surface to the oceansD.regulate t

21、he rate of water flow from streams and rivers(3).What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through the cycle, as discussed in the third paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The potential energy contained in water.B.The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds.C.The amounts of rainfall

22、 that fall on the continents.D.The relative size of the water storage areas.(4).All of the following are examples of soluble ions EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.magnesiumB.ironC.potassiumD.calciumPeople in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the

23、 nations economy would bring social chaos. In the years following 1820, after several decades of relative stability, the economy entered a period of sustained and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of the nineteenth century. Accompanying that growth was a structural change that feature

24、d increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nations labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits.Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the population roughly doubled ev

25、ery generation during the rest of the nineteenth century. As the population grew, its makeup also changed. Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country. Geographic and social mobility- downward as well as upward-touched almost everyone. Local studies indicate that nearly t

26、hree-quitters of the population-in the North and South, in the emerging cities of the Northeast, and in the restless rural counties of the West-changed their residence of the Northeast, and in the restless rural counties of the West-changed their residence each decade. As a consequence, historian Da

27、vid Donald has written, “Social atomization affected every segment of society,“ and it seemed to many people that “all the recognized values of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded.“Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implicatio

28、ns for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home. In the context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying social change, the household lost many of its earlier f

29、unctions and the home came to serve as a haven of tranquility and order. As the size of families decreased, the roles of husband and wife became more clearly differentiated than ever before. In the middle class especially, men participated in the productive economy while women ruled the home and ser

30、ved as the custodians of civility and culture. The intimacy of marriage that was common in earlier periods was rent, and a gulf that at times seemed unbridgeable was created between husbands and wives.（分数：8.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：2.00）A.The economic development of the United

31、 States in the eighteenth century.B.Ways in which economic development led to social changes in the United States.C.Population growth in the western United States.D.The increasing availability of industrial jobs for women in the United States.(2).According to the passage, the economy of the United S

32、tates between 1820 and 1900 was _.（分数：2.00）A.expandingB.in sharp declineC.stagnateD.disorganized(3).According to the passage, as the nineteenth century progressed, the people of the United States _.（分数：2.00）A.emigrated to other countriesB.often settled in the WestC.tended to change the place in whic

33、h they livedD.had a higher rate of birth than ever before(4).Which of the following best describes the society about which David Donald wrote?（分数：2.00）A.A highly conservative society that was resistant to new ideas.B.A society that was, undergoing fundamental change.C.A society that had been gradual

34、ly changing since the early 1700sD.A nomadic society that was starting permanent settlements.Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earths surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion.In fact the events that produc

35、ed the canyon, far from being sudden and cataclysmic, simply add up to the slow and orderly process of erosion.Many millions of years ago the Colorado Plateau in the Grand Canyon area contained 10, 000 more feet of rock than it does today and was relatively level. The additional material consisted o

36、f some 14-layered formations of rock. In the Grand Canyon region these layers were largely worn away over the course of millions of years.Approximately 65 million years ago the plateaus flat surface in the Grand Canyon area bulged upward from internal pressure; geologists refer to this bulging actio

37、n as upwarping; it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Colorado Plateau, a process that is still going on. As the plateau gradually rose, shallow rivers that meandered across it began to run more swiftly and cut more definite courses. One of these rivers, located east of the upwarp, was

38、 the ancestor of the Colorado. Another river system called the Hualapai, flowing west of the upwarp, extended itself eastward by cutting back into the upwarp; it eventually connected with the ancient Colorado and captured its waters. The new river then began to carve out the 277- mile-long trench th

39、at eventually became the Grand Canyon. Geologists estimate that this initial cutting action began no earlier than 10 million years go.Since then, the canyon forming has been cumulative. To the corrosive force of the river itself have been added other factors. Heat and cold, rain and snow, along with

40、 the varying resistance of the rocks, increase the opportunities for erosion. The canyon walls crumble; the river acquires a cutting tool, tons of debris, rainfall running off the high plateau creates feeder streams that carve side canyons. Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons

41、expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues.（分数：8.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：2.00）A.Patterns of erosion in different mountain ranges.B.Forces that made the Grand Canyon.C.The increasing pollution of the Colorado River.D.The sudden appearance of the Grand Canyon.(2).Ac

42、cording to the passage, the first phenomenon to contribute to the formation of the Grand Canyon was _.（分数：2.00）A.a series of volcanic eruptionsB.the collapse of rock formations in the Colorado PlateauC.a succession of floods from the Hualapai River and what is now the Colorado RiverD.the Earths inte

43、rnal pressure lifting the Colorado Plateau region(3).Which of the following conclusions about the Grand Canyon can be drawn from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Its contours are constantly changing.B.It contains approximately 14 million tons of rock.C.Its eruptions have increased in recent years.D.It is bein

44、g eroded by toxic waste and pollutants.(4).The passage would most likely be found in a textbook on which of the following subjects?（分数：2.00）A.Astronomy.B.Botany.C.Geology.D.Chemistry.The political crisis in Ukraine, where opposition protesters are burning campfires and setting up tents in the center

45、 of Kiev, is presenting a test for Russia, which gambled heavily on its neighbors presidential election.A defeat of the pro-Moscow candidate, Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych, would humiliate the Kremlin one year after another former Soviet Republic, Georgia, slipped from its influence, according to

46、 observers and political analysts.The Ukrainian upheaval echoes what happened in Georgia, where protests over vote rigging led to the resignation of a Moscow-linked President and a landslide victory of a young, Western-educated and Western-oriented leader.UFor Moscow, the stakes are even higher in U

47、kraine./U Unlike Georgia, Ukraine shares close ethnic and linguistic ties with Russia; Kiev, Ukraines capital, is the cradle of the Russian culture and the ancient capital of the first Russian state.President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia wants to forge a closer union between three Slavic nations Russ

48、ia, Ukraine, and tiny, authoritarian Belarns and Ukraine is key to the plan, Russian businesses have major interests in Ukraine, which borders Russia to the west. The Russian military also wants to have Ukraine as an ally over which it can hold sway, not as a potential NATO participant, the analysts

49、 said.As other former republics turned away from Russia, Moscow “gets the feeling that Ukraine is its closest ally, with a symbolic significance,“ said Marsha Lipman of the Carnegie Moscow Center. “Russia has given itself a goal of getting a controllable Ukraine. Im afraid it wont happen.“Putin quickly congratulated Yanukovych following Sundays vote, which pitted the prime minister against opposition leader Viktor Yushchenko. But Western observers reported voting fraud, and hundreds of thousands of Ukra