【考研类试卷】武汉大学考博英语-9及答案解析.doc

1、武汉大学考博英语-9 及答案解析(总分：86.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：31.50)The geology of the Earth“s surface is dominated by the particular properties of water. Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates many chem

2、ical compounds and is constantly modifying the face of the Earth. Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported by wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the

3、 water trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting what is called the hydrographic network. This immense polarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy

4、 by running from high altitudes toward the reference point that is sea level. The rate at which a molecule of water passes through the cycle is not random but is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the average time for a water molecule to pass thr

5、ough one of the three reservoirs-atmosphere, continent, and ocean-we see that the times are very different. A water molecule stays, on an average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean

6、 as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water transport on the continents. A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the continents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported.

7、Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimes soils are destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closely linked and interdepende

8、nt processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.（分数：8.00）(1).According to the passage, clouds are primarily formed by water _.（分数：2.00）A.precipitating onto the groundB.changing from a solid to a liquid stateC.evaporating

9、 from the oceansD.being carried by wind(2).The passage suggests that the purpose of the “hydrographic network“ is to _.（分数：2.00）A.determine the size of molecules of waterB.prevent soil erosion caused by floodingC.move water from the Earth“s surface to the oceansD.regulate the rate of water flow from

10、 streams and rivers(3).What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through the cycle, as discussed in the third paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The potential energy contained in waterB.The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compoundsC.The amounts of rainfall that fall on the continents

11、D.The relative size of the water storage areas(4).All of the following are examples of soluble ions EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.magnesiumB.ironC.potassiumD.calciumThe other problem that arises from the employment of women is that of the working wife. It has two aspects: that of the wife who is more of a suc

12、cess than her husband and that of the wife who must rely heavily on her husband for help with domestic tasks. There are various ways in which the impact of the first difficulty can be reduced. Provided that husband and wife are not in the same or directly comparable lines of work, the harsh fact of

13、her greater success can be obscured by a genial conspiracy to reject a purely monetary measure of achievement as intolerably crude. Where there are ranks, it is best if the couple work in different fields so that the husband can find some special reason for the superiority of the lowest figure in hi

14、s to the most elevated in his wife“s. A problem that affects a much larger number of working wives is the need to reallocate domestic tasks if there are children. In The Road to Wigan Pier George Orwell wrote of the unemployed of the Lancashire coalfields. “Practically never, in a working- class hom

15、e, will you see the man doing a stroke of the housework. Unemployment has not changed this convention, which on the face of it seems a little unfair. The man is idle from morning to night but the woman is as busy as evermore so, indeed, because she has to manage with less money. Yet so far as my exp

16、erience goes the women do not protest. They feel that a man would lose his manhood if, merely because he was out of work, he developed in a “Mary Ann“. “ It is over the care of young children that this re-allocation of duties becomes really significant. For this, unlike the cooking of fish fingers o

17、r the making of beds, is an inescapably time-consuming occupation, and time is what the fully employed wife has no more to spare of than her husband. The male initiative in courtship is a pretty indiscriminate affair, something that is tried on with any remotely plausible woman who comes within rang

18、e and, of course, with all degrees of tentativeness. What decides the issue of whether a genuine courtship is going to get under way is the woman“s response. If she shows interest the engines of persuasion are set in movement. The truth is that in courtship society gives women the real power while p

19、retending to give it to men. What does seem clear is that the more men and women are together, at work and away from it, the more the comprehensive amorousness of men towards women will have to go, despite all its past evolutionary services. For it is this that makes inferiority at work abrasive and

20、, more indirectly, makes domestic work seem unmanly, if there is to be an equalizing redistribution of economic and domestic tasks between men and women there must be a compensating redistribution of the erotic initiative. If women will no longer let us beat them, they must allow us to join them as

21、the blushing recipients of flowers and chocolates.（分数：8.00）(1).The first paragraph advises the working wife who is more successful than her husband to _.（分数：2.00）A.work in the same sort of job as her husbandB.play down her success, making it sound unimportantC.stress how much the family gains from h

22、er high salaryD.introduce more labour-saving machinery into the home(2).Orwell“s picture of relations between man and wife in Wigan Pier describes a relationship which the author of the passage _.（分数：2.00）A.thinks is the natural oneB.wishes to see preservedC.believes is fairD.is sure must change(3).

23、The last paragraph stresses that if women are to hold important jobs, then they must _.（分数：2.00）A.sometimes make the first advances in loveB.allow men to flirt with many womenC.stop accepting presents of flowers and chocolatesD.avoid making their husbands look like “Mary Anns“(4).Which of the follow

24、ing statements is INCORRECT about the present form of courtship?（分数：2.00）A.The woman“s reaction decides the fate of courtshipB.Each man “makes passes“ at many womenC.Men are equally serious about courtshipD.The man leaves himself the opportunity to give up the chase quicklyThe political crisis in Uk

25、raine, where opposition protesters are burning campfires and setting up tents in the center of Kiev, is presenting a test for Russia, which gambled heavily on its neighbor“s presidential election. A defeat of the pro-Moscow candidate, Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych, would humiliate the Kremlin one

26、 year after another former Soviet Republic, Georgia, slipped from its influence, according to observers and political analysts. The Ukrainian upheaval echoes what happened in Georgia, where protests over vote rigging led to the resignation of a Moscow-linked President and a landslide victory of a yo

27、ung, Western-educated and Western-oriented leader. For Moscow, the stakes are even higher in Ukraine. Unlike Georgia, Ukraine shares close ethnic and linguistic ties with Russia; Kiev, Ukraine“s capital, is the cradle of the Russian culture and the ancient capital of the first Russian state. Preside

28、nt Vladimir V. Putin of Russia wants to forge a closer union between three Slavic nations Russia, Ukraine, and tiny, authoritarian Belarns and Ukraine is key to the plan, Russian businesses have major interests in Ukraine, which borders Russia to the west. The Russian military also wants to have Ukr

29、aine as an ally over which it can hold sway, not as a potential NATO participant, the analysts said. As other former republics turned away from Russia, Moscow “gets the feeling that Ukraine is its closest ally, with a symbolic significance,“ said Marsha Lipman of the Carnegie Moscow Center. “Russia

30、has given itself a goal of getting a controllable Ukraine. I“m afraid it won“t happen.“ Putin quickly congratulated Yanukovych following Sunday“s vote, which pitted the prime minister against opposition leader Viktor Yushchenko. But Western observers reported voting fraud, and hundreds of thousands

31、of Ukrainians rallied in protest. “If the crisis lasts, .it will become a potential source of problems for Russia“s relations with the West,“ said Alexander Pikayev, an independent politica! analyst in Moscow “Russia will have to share responsibility for the acute political crisis.“ The Kremlin had

32、come out early and strongly for Yanukovych before the election. Putin traveled twice to Ukraine, ahead of each round of voting. To support the official purpose of his first visit, attending anniversary celebrations of Ukraine“s liberation from the Nazis in World War , the festivities were reschedule

33、d for 10 days earlier than the actual date. Since the vote, the Kremlin“s propaganda machine has been in full swing. Russia“s Channel One television, controlled by the Kremlin like all other major networks accused the Ukrainian opposition of breaking the law by declaring Yushehenko the rightfully el

34、ected President. In his prime-time show, television commentator Mikhail Leontyev compared the Ukrainian opposition to Middle Eastern militants. “But this is not the Gaza Strip, and the chaos cannot go on indefinitely,“ he said, warning that protest strikes would only hurt ordinary people. Russian te

35、levision also aired reports on the anniversary of Georgia“s “Rose Revolution“ on Tuesday, saying the country was steeped in misery and poverty a year after the fall of the old government. Russian independent newspapers, however, which reach only a fraction of the TV audience, wrote about a different

36、 Georgia the same day telling how happy Georgians had decorated shop windows and restaurants with roses to celebrate. Many Russians view Ukraine“s powerful opposition as a kind of force that has disappeared in Russia under the increasingly authoritarian Putin administration. Russia has not had a ser

37、iously contested presidential election since 1996, when Boris Yeltsin narrowly defeated a Communist challenger. The political opposition here is fractured and marginalized, ousted from parliament in last year“s balloting closely directed by the Kremlin. Russian optimists hope a defeat of Yanukovyeh

38、would force the Kremlin to reconsider its attempts to control political life in other former Soviet republics. Pessimists fear that his loss would only prompt the Kremlin to tighten its rule. “The stakes are high,“ Lipman said. “It“s a question of whether Russia“s neighbor will be a Ukraine ruled no

39、t through democratic institutes but through administrative means, or a Ukraine that will embrace democracy.“（分数：8.00）(1).By saying “For Moscow, the stakes are even higher in Ukraine“, the author means _.（分数：2.00）A.all of the former Soviet Republics betrayed Russia except UkraineB.Ukraine is the key

40、to Putin“s political planC.Ukraine is unlike Georgia in many aspectsD.Ukraine weighs more for its close link with Russia(2).As to Ukrainian election, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Any of Russia“s improper responses will cause political crisis in UkraineB.Russia had rescheduled a lot of f

41、estivities before the actual date of the electionC.Putin“s congratulation has caused opposition between the two candidatesD.The voting fraud reported by Kremlin caused a rally in protest(3).What“s the meaning of the sentence “the Kremlin“s propaganda machine has been in full swing“?（分数：2.00）A.The Ru

42、ssian media has turned from side to side as it doesn“t know which side to standB.The Russian media has shown an overwhelming support for YanukovychC.Different reports from Kremlin“s media made the public swing from time to timeD.Unlike Western media, Kremlin“s propaganda machine has taken a neutral

43、stand(4).What can be inferred from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Russians were dissatisfied with the absence of a seriously contested electionB.Russia would tighten its rule to control political life in other former Soviet RepublicsC.A sequence of upheavals in its neighbors indicate Russia“s loss of contro

44、l over themD.Russia would allow Ukraine to be ruled through democratic institutesBefore high school teacher Kimberly Rugh got down to business at the start of a recent school week, she joked with her students about how she“d had to clean cake out of the comers of her house after her 2-year-old son“s

45、 birthday party. This friendly combination of chitchat took place not in front of a blackboard but in an Email message that Rugh sent to the 135 students she“s teaching at the Florida Virtual School, one of the nation“s leading online high schools. The school“s motto is “any time, any place, any pat

46、h, any pace“. Florida“s E-school attracts many students who need flexible scheduling, from young tennis stars and young musicians to brothers Tobias and Tyler Heeb, who take turns working on the computer while helping out with their family“s clam-farming business on Pine Island, off Florida“s southw

47、est coast. Home-schoolers also are well represented. Most students live in Florida, but 55 hail from West Virginia, where a severe teacher shortage makes it hard for many students to take advanced classes. Seven kids from Texas and four from Shanghai round out the student body. The great majority of

48、 Florida Virtual Schoolers-80 percent are enrolled in regular Florida public or private high schools. Some are busy overachievers. Others are retaking classes they barely passed the first time. The school“s biggest challenge is making sure that students aren“t left to sink or swim on their own. Afte

49、r the school experienced a disappointing course completion rate of just 40 percent in its early years, Executive Director Julie Young made a priority out of what she calls “relationship-building“, asking teachers to stay in frequent E-mail and phone contact with their students. That personal touch has helped: The completion rate is now 80 percent. Critics of online classes say that while they may have a limited place, they are a poor substitute for the face-to-face contact and socialization that take place in brick-and-mortar classrooms. Despite oppor