【考研类试卷】浙江大学考博英语2012年真题及答案解析.doc

1、浙江大学考博英语 2012年真题及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section Vocabulary(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.He was unable to endure the torture of the enemy and surrendered. He _ his comrades.（分数：1.00）A.revealedB.suspendedC.exposedD.betrayed2.On the side of the hill, there is a _ which was o

2、nce the entrance to a gold mine.（分数：1.00）A.deep hole in groundB.hole deep in groundC.deep hole in the groundD.deep in the ground hole3.She“s got so _ to light music that it has become a constant companion of her life.（分数：1.00）A.use to listenB.used to listenC.used in listeningD.used to listening4.Cla

3、ssroom testing, if well done, most certainly _ a stimulus to study and real learning.（分数：1.00）A.acts forB.acts onC.acts asD.acts to5.I feel quite confident in _ Mr. Jackson to you for the vacant post of research assistant.（分数：1.00）A.submittingB.proclaimingC.recallingD.recommending6.A poor man has to

4、 _ many things which a rich man regards as almost necessaries in life.（分数：1.00）A.go throughB.go withoutC.go overD.go about7.One of the attractive features of the course was the way the practical work had been _ with the theoretical aspects of the subject.（分数：1.00）A.embracedB.alternatedC.adjustedD.in

5、tegrated8.Topics of conversation should be _ to the experiences and interests of the students.（分数：1.00）A.rigidB.rigorousC.relevantD.remarkable9.They did considerable work to _ the masses of the United States with the elementary problems of Latin America.（分数：1.00）A.instructB.acquaintC.impartD.dictate

6、10.Only the Chinese have successfully _ pandas and raised their babies in captivity.（分数：1.00）A.bredB.expandedC.exertedD.availed11.The purpose of the official inquiry is to _ the true facts leading to the loss of the ship at sea.（分数：1.00）A.come atB.come forC.come intoD.come over12.The chairman made a

7、(n) _ statement before beginning the main business of the meeting.（分数：1.00）A.intensiveB.intermediateC.preliminaryD.operational13.Only in recent years _ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.（分数：1.00）A.people haveB.since people haveC.have peopleD.people who

8、 have14.At the last committee meeting, the motion that the club _ open until midnight was defeated.（分数：1.00）A.remainsB.remainC.remainedD.would remain15.I don“t think Johnson will succeed in his new job, for he is not _ to do that type of work.（分数：1.00）A.compatibleB.convenientC.consistentD.competent三

9、、Section Close Test(总题数：1，分数：20.00)From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kin

10、d“s future 3 and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us with a(n) 6 language ability not found in lower organisms. Supporters of this innateness theory say that our 7 for lang

11、uage is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, as a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 8 times for language development. Current 9 of innateness theory are mixed; however, evidence 10 the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable.

12、Indeed, more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 11 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 12 to them, while adults have a much 13 time learning another language once the rules of their first language have become firmly fixed. 14 some

13、 aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 15 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 16 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this

14、 is even more basic to human language 17 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language 18 imitative, learned behavior. 19 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child“s language skills by 20 reinforcing precise imitations and negativ

15、ely reinforcing imprecise ones.（分数：20.00）A.generatedB.evolvedC.bornD.originatedA.valuableB.appropriateC.convenientD.favoriteA.attainmentsB.feasibilityC.entertainmentsD.evolutionA.essentialB.availableC.reliableD.responsibleA.confirmB.informC.claimD.convinceA.innateB.basicC.inspiringD.outgoingA.potent

16、ialB.performanceC.preferenceD.passionA.ideologicalB.biologicalC.socialD.psychologicalA.reviewsB.referenceC.reactionD.recommendationA.opposingB.supportingC.encouragingD.discouragingA.variousB.differentC.the higherD.the lowerA.revealedB.exposedC.engagedD.involvedA.hardB.easyC.harderD.easierA.AlthoughB

17、.WhetherC.SinceD.WhenA.distinguishedB.differentC.protectedD.isolatedA.expositionB.comparisonC.contrastD.interactionA.acquisitionB.appreciationC.requirementD.alternativeA.to beB.intoC.asD.ofA.As a resultB.After allC.In other wordsD.Above allA.negativelyB.positivelyC.negativeD.positive四、Section Readin

18、g Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Televisionthat most pervasive (遍布的) and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growthis moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an elect

19、ronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies. The word “television“, derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (vision: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sop

20、histicated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera) into electronics impulses, which can be sent through a wire or a cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be elec

21、tronically reconstituted into that same image. Television is more than just an electronics system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings. The field of television can be divided into two catego

22、ries determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reached the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provided for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through cont

23、rolled transmission techniques. Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the b

24、roadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors (传播者) of the news, information and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have not only shaped television but our perception (感觉) as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our

25、 role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.（分数：5.00）(1).With which topic is the passage primarily concerned?（分数：1.00）A.Recent changes in modern technologyB.The marriage of broadcasting giantsC.The role of television in today“s societyD.The content of broadcast television programs(2).The word

26、 “put“ (2nd sentence of 2nd Para.) could best be replaced by which of the following?（分数：1.00）A.expressedB.askedC.placedD.inserted(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a function of electronics in television transmissions?（分数：1.00）A.The conversion of image into electronics imp

27、ulsesB.The sending of impulses through a wire cableC.The changing of one image into another imageD.The feeding of impulses into a receiver(4).What field of television is intended for specific groups?（分数：1.00）A.Broad-basedB.ReconstitutedC.TraditionalD.Non-broadcast(5).Which of the following statement

28、s about the relationship between television and its viewers can best be inferred from the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Viewers do not take an active role in watching televisionB.Viewers would prefer increased news coverageC.Viewers like to use television to reach other human beingsD.Viewers are grown tired of

29、 television六、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Got milk? Be very afraid. Or, preferably, a bit skeptical. Some folks are about to try to convince you that milk is toxic. But the real question is, what“s more dangerous to your health: milk, or celebrities and activists embarked on the latest trendy crusade (改革

30、)? This month marks the publicity-pumped debut of the Anti Dairy Coalition, a band of physicians, self-described “Holly-wood personalities“ and others who decry what they call “the health and nutritional risks of consuming dairy products“. The coalition, including its spokes-Jeremiah, writer George

31、Plimpton, would have you believe that milk causes heart disease, cancer infections, asthma, allergies and tuberculosis. Robert Cohen, founder of the ADC (and author of Milk: The Deadly Poison , writes: “The Fountain of Youth and cure to illness can be obtained by giving up milk.“ Hyperbole aside, th

32、e ADC is spotlighting a question hotly debated by everyone from nutritionists to parents. Many patients ask doctors whether they should give up milk, like that supermodel they saw interviewed on TV. And to be sure, the ADC“s overwrought claims do have some scientific basis. Take heart disease. Foods

33、 like butter, cheese, ice cream and whole milk are packed with saturated fat (饱和脂肪), which blocks arteries (动脉) and can lead to heart attacks. That“s why most nutritionists advise switching to low-fat or skim milk and eating more yogurt and cottage cheese than Haagen-Dazs and Bric. Even skim milk, t

34、hough, can trigger allergies in some people, including infants, who in any case will get more iron and other key nutrients from breast milk or formula. So must you flee from milk entirely? Yes, says Cohen, who holds that skim milk is the devil“s brew. It“s full ofare you sitting down?protein. And he

35、re“s where the ADC starts twisting the facts to reach wild conclusions. Allergies are frequently triggered by proteins (true; asthma is an allergic condition (true; it“s been increasing dramatically (true; doctors don“t know the cause (true; therefore, the protein in milk must be the culprit (罪魁祸首)?

36、 A similar leap of illogic assumes that because women in the Netherlands. Denmark, Norway and Sweden consume lots of milk and also suffer high rates of breast cancer, the former must cause the latter. Another clunker is Cohen“s claim that widespread lactose intolerance (乳糖不耐受)the inability to digest

37、 dairy productsmeans milk is of little use as a source of calcium. In fact, many cases of lactose intolerance are mild and interfere only slightly with calcium uptake. Many people intolerant of milk can easily digest yogurt. And lactase tablets (乳糖分解酵素片) can make dairy products digestible even in se

38、vere cases. If milk isn“t the perfect food, it“s still got some big things going for it. It“s an inexpensive source of calcium, protein, potassium and other vitamins and minerals. And unlike other sources of calcium, such as, say, steamed kale, milk is a food kids will eat. The ADC feels that milk i

39、s the root of most human maladies (疾病), but I can point to other single-issue obsessive who insist the villain is meat or wheat or sugar or some other substance that our species has long and happily consumed. I often learn something by examining their claims. But I keep coming back to the mainstream

40、 nutritionists, who emphasize a balanced diet and advise moderation in all things.（分数：5.00）(1).The ADC holds that giving up milk will cause the following diseases EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.breast cancerB.diabetesC.heart diseaseD.lung disease(2).The writer thinks that milk _.（分数：1.00）A.is toxic and we shou

41、ld give it upB.is very nutritious and we should consume it as much as possibleC.is the most ideal foodD.has its pluses and minuses and we should consume it sensibly(3).It is clear from the passage that _.（分数：1.00）A.the writer is of the same opinion about milk with the ADCB.the writer regards milk as

42、 the root of most human diseasesC.the writer advises people to stay out of trouble with milkD.the writer“s opinion about milk differs greatly from the ADC“s(4).According to the passage, if you suffer from lactose intolerance _.（分数：1.00）A.you had better give up milk entirelyB.you should have less mil

43、k every dayC.you can take lactase which catalyzes (催化) lactose into glucose (葡萄糖) and galactose (半乳糖)D.you must see a doctor at once(5).We can conclude from the passage that the writer is _.（分数：1.00）A.an unprejudiced personB.an opinionated personC.a worldly personD.a wise but peculiar person七、Passag

44、e 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Mathematical ability and musical ability may not seem on the surface to be connected, but people who have researched the subjectand studied the brainsay that they are. Research for my book Late-Talking Children drove home the point to me. Three quarters of the bright but speech-del

45、ayed children in the group I studied had a close relative who was an engineer, mathematician or scientistand four fifths had a close relative who played a musical instrument. The children themselves usually took readily to math and other analytical subjectsand to music. Black, white and Asian childr

46、en in this group show the same patterns. However, looking at the large world around us, it is clear that blacks have been greatly overrepresented in the development of American popular music and greatly underrepresented in such fields as mathematics, science and engineering. If the abilities require

47、d in analytical fields and in music are so closely related, how can there be this great disparity? One reason is that the development of mathematical and other such abilities requires years of formal schooling, while certain musical talents can be developed with little or no formal training, as has

48、happened with a number of well-known black musicians. It is precisely in those kinds of music where one can acquire great skill without formal training that blacks have excelled-popular music rather than classical music, piano rather than violin, blues rather than opera. This is readily understandab

49、le, given that most blacks, for most of American history, have not had either the money or the leisure for long years of formal study in music. Blacks have not merely held their own in American popular music. They have played a disproportionately large role in the development of jazz, both traditional and modern. Along string of names comes to mindDuke Ellington, Scou Joplin, W. C. Handy, Louis Armstrong, Charlie Parker.and on and on. None of this presupposes any special innat