【考研类试卷】英语-阅读理解(一)及答案解析.doc

1、英语-阅读理解(一)及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)“High tech“ and “state of the art“ are two expressions that describe very modern technology. High tech is just a shorter way of saying high technology. And high technology describes any invention, system of device that uses the newest ideas or discoveries of scien

2、ce and engineering. What is high tech? A computer is high tech. So is a communications satellite. A modern manufacturing (生产) system is surely high tech. High tech became a popular expression in the United States during the early 1980s. Because of improvements in technology, people could buy many ne

3、w kinds of products in American stores, such as home computers, microwave (微波) ovens, etc.“State of the art“ is something that is as modern as possible. It is a product that is based on the very latest methods and technology. Something that is “state of the art“ is the newest possible design or prod

4、uct of a business or industry. A state of the art television set, for example, uses the most modern electronic design and parts. It is the best that one can buy.“State of the art“ is not a new expression. Engineers have used it for years, to describe the best and most modern way of doing something.

5、Millions of Americans began to use the expression in the late 1970s. The reason was the computer revolution. Every computer company claimed that its computers were “state of the art“.Computer technology changed so fast that a state of the art computer today might be old tomorrow. The expression “sta

6、te of the art“ became common and popular as computers themselves. Now all kinds of products are said to be “state of the art“.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the purpose of the passage?A. To tell how “high tech“ and “state of the art“ have developed.B. To give examples of “high tech.C. To tell what “high tech

7、“ and “state of the art“ are.D. To describe very modern technology.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What can we infer from the passage?A. American stores could provide new kinds of products to the people.B. High tech describes a technology that is not traditional.C. “State of the art“ is not as popular as “high

8、 tech“.D. A modern plough pulled by oxen is “state of the art“.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).All the following examples are high tech except _.A. a microwave oven B. a home computerC. a hand pump D. a satellite（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Since the computer revolution

9、, the expression “state of the art“ has become popular.B. “State of the art“ means something that is the best one can buy.C. With the rapid development of computer technology, a state of the art computer may easily become out of date.D. All kinds of products are “state of the art“ nowadays.（分数：2.00）

10、A.B.C.D.(5).The best title for the passage is _.A. Computer Technology B. High Tech and State of the ArtC. Most Advanced Technology D. Two New Expressions（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Is teaching important? Well. of course it is. There was a time when the necessary knowledge could be taught to the young by famil

11、y members. But as societies became more complex and division of labor more common, it was impossible for family members to teach the information and skills young people needed to become useful members of the society. As the need for specialists appeared, the job of teaching came into being in our co

12、untry, and teaching as a job has been of increasing importance over the past hundred years. Today, we have strict rules for teachers. We hope all children can attend schools. Many things tell us that teaching is indeed an “important“ job.In recent years, there has been an increasing need for teacher

13、s to be “responsible“. This means that the public expects teachers to succeed in teaching important information to the young. Teachers salaries today, while not much, certainly are much higher than they were in past years. These increases have come about because people have realized that without eno

14、ugh salaries, people who have abilities will not become teachers. Today almost no one says that “anybody will do“ for a teacher. The public expects “quality people“ to teach the young, and progress is being made to give salaries that will make people who have abilities become teachers.（分数：10.00）(1).

15、Before the job of teaching came into being, _.A. family members had been responsible for the education of the youngB. specialists had been in charge of teaching young peopleC. young people had had to be self-educatedD. the society had played an important role in educating young people（分数：2.00）A.B.C.

16、D.(2).The job of teaching came into being mainly because of _.A. the development of the society B. the explosion of informationC. the need for specialists D. the civilization of human beings（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Teachers salaries are raised today in order to _.A. show the importance of teaching as a

17、jobB. attract more qualified people to become teachersC. make teachers “responsible“ in their teachingD. improve the quality of public teaching（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).“Anybody will do“ for a teacher means that _.A. almost all people want to become a teacherB. a teacher is so highly respected that peopl

18、e all want to help himC. a teacher will do whatever he can for his studentsD. the job of teaching is so easy that everybody can do it（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We know from the passage that _.A. it is important to be successful in teaching the youngB. enough salaries are necessary in making quality people

19、 become teachersC. greater progress has to be made in teachingD. teaching is a product of the societys division of labor（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Sports and games make our bodies strong, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy. But these are not their only use. They give us valuable practice in

20、making eyes, brain and muscles work together. In tennis, our eyes see the ball coming, judge its speed and direction and pass this information on to the brain. The brain then has to decide what to do, and to send its orders to the muscles of the arms, legs, and so on, so that the ball is met and hit

21、 back where it ought to go. All this must happen with very great speed, and only those who have had a lot of practice at tennis can carry out this complicated chain of events successfully. For those who work with their brains most of the day, the practice of such skills is especially useful. Sports

22、and games are als0 very useful for character-training. In their lessons at school, boys and girls may learn about such virtues as unselfishness, courage, discipline and love of ones country; but what is learned in books cannot have the same deep effect on a childs character as what is learned by exp

23、erience. The ordinary day-school cannot give much practical training in living, because most of the pupils time is spent in classes, studying lessons. So it is what the pupils do in their spare time that really prepares them to take their place in society as citizens when they grow up. If each of th

24、em learns to work for his team and not for himself on the football field, he will later find it natural to work for the good of his country instead of only for his own benefit.（分数：10.00）(1).When we play tennis we have to _.A. use, first, our eyes, then the brain and finally the musclesB. make our ey

25、es, brain and muscles work almost at the same timeC. use mainly the arms and legs to hitD. use mainly the muscles so that the ball is met and hit back（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The “complicated chain of events“ refers to _.A. the passing of information and making of decisionsB. the meeting and hitting bac

26、k of the ballC. the coordinated movements of our eyes, brain and musclesD. a lot of practice before playing tennis（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).By “character-training“, the author means that sports and games can help children _.A. live a better life when they grow upB. know better how to behave properly in t

27、heir future lifeC. understand better the virtues they learn in booksD. all of the above（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the author, a childs character can be most deeply influenced by _.A. what he does out of class B. what he learns in booksC. his place in society D. his lessons in school（分数：2.00）A

28、.B.C.D.(5).What is of the greatest importance to a football team is _.A. its members B. its team workC. the football field D. the climate（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.We arranged that Kissinger would fly to Vietnam for talks early in July and then stop in Pakistan on the way back. There he would develop a stomac

29、hache that would require him to stay in Pakistan on the way back. Then, with President Yahyas cooperation he would be taken to an airport where a Pakistani plane would fly him over the mountains to China.Kissingers trip was given the code (密码) named Polo after Marco Polo, another Western traveler wh

30、o made history by journeying to China. Everything went without a hitch. His slight illness in Islamabad received only minor attention from reporters covering him. They accepted the story that he would be confined to bed for at least a couple of days and began making arrangements for their own entert

31、ainment.Because of the need for complete secreey and the lack of any direct communication facilities between Beijing and Washington, I knew that we would have no word from Kissinger while he was in China. Even after he had returned to Pakistan it would still be important to maintain secrecy. So befo

32、re Kissinger left, we agreed on a single code word-Eureka-which he would use if his mission were successful.On July 11, A1 Haig, who knew our code word, phoned me to say that a cable from Kissinger had arrived.“Whats message?“ I asked.“Eureka,“ he replied.（分数：10.00）(1).Kissinger stopped in Pakistan

33、because _.A. he happened to have a stomachacheB. he needed a rest after a long journeyC. he had a secret mission to perform thereD. he did not want to be seen by the press（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The reporters in Islamabad believed that _.A. Kissinger was not feeling wellB. Kissinger had just come back

34、from VietnamC. Kissinger had put off leaving for ChinaD. Kissinger was preparing to entertain them（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The statement “Everything went without a hitch. “ (Para. 2) most probably means that _.A. nothing was easy with the missionB. the plans were carried out with great difficultyC. thin

35、gs went smoothlyD. there was no possibility of success（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).There was no news from Kissinger while he was in Beijing, chiefly because _.A. his trip had to be kept secretB. President Yahya did not go with KissingerC. communication between Beijing and Islamabad was difficultD. the negot

36、iation (谈判) was not successful（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The passage implies that Kissingers message “Eureka“ was sentA. when the negotiation started in BeijingB. as soon as he arrived in WashingtonC. when he flew to Vietnam on July 11D. when the negotiation was completed in Beijing（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.The Ch

37、inese have used a method called acupuncture (针灸) to perform operations for about 4 000 years without putting the patient to sleep. This involves placing flexible needles into certain parts of the body. The needles are available in a number of stores in China and anyone may buy them.To learn how to u

38、se the needles takes about one month of training. But to be skillful requires greater time. The person who performs the acupuncture knows how to put in the needles so the needles themselves are not painful. This person also knows where to place the needles so the patient feels no pain in the area wh

39、ere the operation is to be performed. A particular operation might require 25 or more needles placed in various parts of the body. But now this operation requires only 3 or 4 needles.Today, the Chinese doctors are trying to learn more about acupuncture. They are trying to develop a convincing theory

40、 to explain how the needles work in preventing pain, or why a needle in the wrist, for example, would prevent the pain in the area of the mouth.A patient who needs an operation is given a choice between having acupuncture or having one of the chemicals used for putting him to sleep. It has been esti

41、mated that over half of the patients choose acupuncture because there is no sickness after the operation, and because the chemical may make the patient sick for a few hours or a day.（分数：10.00）(1).Acupuncture is _.A. a medical operation B. a medical needleC. a medical technique D. a medical machine（分

42、数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which statement is NOT true of the performer of acupuncture?A. He knows where to place the needles without pain.B. He knows where the operation is to be performed.C. He knows how to perform the operation to cure the patient.D. He knows how to use the needles in an operation.（分数：2.

43、00）A.B.C.D.(3).To learn how to use the needles, it takes a person _.A. several months B. a couple of weeksC. a life time D. almost one month（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be learned from the passage that _.A. the person performing the acupuncture knows a lot about the making of needlesB. an operation n

44、ow needs fewer needles than in the pastC. acupuncture has existed in China for as long as 2 000 yearsD. few patients prefer acupuncture to chemicals（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which is implied but not stated in the passage?A. The Chinese mainly use acupuncture to cure strange disease.B. The Chinese are lea

45、rning to be more skillful and efficient in acupuncture.C. The Chinese have spread acupuncture all over the world.D. Most Chinese patients prefer acupuncture to chemicals in curing diseases（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their

46、bodies need. It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles. When a fragrant flavor was added to the vitamin-enriched fluid, th

47、e rats did seem to develop a taste for it and kept drinking it, even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water. In time, however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were.In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria feeding

48、 arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them. They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in. We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet.So, in selecting food, r

49、ats and babies do seem to know and act on whats best for them. Apparently, there is a kind of “body wisdom“, which humans soon lose. Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could. Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits. Some people eat fox, dog and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs. So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them.（分数：10.00）(1).In the experiment on rats,