【考研类试卷】英语-阅读理解(二)及答案解析.doc

1、英语-阅读理解(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：18.00)Motorola Inc. , the worlds second-largest mobile phone maker, will begin selling all of the technology needed to build a basic mobile phone to outside manufacturers, in a key change of strategy. The

2、inventor of the cell phone, which has been troubled by missteps compounded by a recent industry slump in sales, is trying to become a neutral provider of mobile technology to rivals, with an eye toward fostering a much larger market than it could create itself. The Chicago area-based company, consid

3、ered to have the widest range of technologies needed to build a phone, said it planned to make available chips, a design layout for the computer board, software, development tools and testing tools. Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips, but this is t

4、he first time the company will offer its entire line of chips as well as a detailed blueprint. Mobile phones contain a variety of chips and components to control power, sound and amplification. Analysts said they liked the new strategy but were cautious about whether Motorolas mobile phone competito

5、rs would want to buy the technology from a rival.The company, long known for its top-notch (等级) engineering culture, is hoping to profit from its mobile phone technology now that the basic technology to build a mobile phone has largely become a commodity. Motorola said it will begin offering the tec

6、hnology based on the next-generation GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) standard because most mobile phone makers already have technology in place for current digital phones. GPRS offers faster access to data through “always on“ network connections, and customers are charged only for the information

7、 they retrieve, rather than the length of download.Burgess said the new business will not conflict with Motorolas own mobile phone business because the latter will remain competitive by offering advanced features and designs. Motorolas phones have been criticized as being too complicated and expensi

8、ve to manufacture, but Burgess said Motorola will simplify the technology in the phones by a third. In addition to basic technology, Burgess said, Motorola would also offer additional features such as Blueteeth, a technology that allows wireless communications at a short distance, and Global Positio

9、ning System, which tracks the users whereabouts, and MP3 audio capability.（分数：18.00）(1).The word “slump“ in the first paragraph may be replaced by _.A. slouch B. decline C. increase D. stamp（分数：3.60）A.B.C.D.(2).According to this passage, Motorola Inc. _.A. is the worlds largest mobile phone makerB.

10、is trying to become a mobile technology provider besides being a mobile phone makerC. will only sell chips of the mobile phonesD. is going to sell all its manufacturing plants（分数：3.60）A.B.C.D.(3).Analysts dont think that _.A. Motorola will be successfulB. the technology offered by Motorola will be s

11、elected by its competitorsC. its competitors will want to buy the technology from itD. its mobile phones contain a variety of chips（分数：3.60）A.B.C.D.(4).The technology supplied by Motorola is based on _.A. Blueteeth features B. MP3 audio capabilityC. Global Positioning System D. GPRS standard（分数：3.60

12、）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. GPRS offers faster access to data through network connections, so customers should pay more.B. Motorola Inc. is the inventor of the ceil phone.C. Previously, Motorola only supplied mobile phone manufacturers with some of its chips.D. Moto

13、rola Inc. is known for its high-class engineering culture.（分数：3.60）A.B.C.D.三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：22.00)German Chancellor (首相) Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy (遗产) includes many of todays social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19

14、th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion (怜悯) for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of th

15、e socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the worlds first workers compensation law in 1884.By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers compensation insurance. Americas injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they stil

16、l faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employers negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers compensation law in this country was passed in 1911,

17、and the program soon spread throughout the nation.After World War , benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a

18、 family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states average weekl

19、y wages.In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file fo

20、r claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers compensation system, its not surprising that doctors, and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.（分数：22.00）(1).The worlds first workers compensation law was introduced by Bismarck _.A. for fear of losing the su

21、pport of the socialist labor movementB. out of religious and political considerationsC. to speed up the pace of industrializationD. to make industrial production safer（分数：4.40）A.B.C.D.(2).We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe _.A. met growing resistance from labor

22、ers working at machinesB. resulted in the development of popular social insurance programsC. was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidentsD. required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplace（分数：4.40）A.B.C.D.(3).One of the problems the American injured workers face

23、d in getting compensation in the early 19th century was that _.A. they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the accidentB. Americas average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of livingC. different states in the U.S. had totally different compensation progr

24、amsD. they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of law（分数：4.40）A.B.C.D.(4).After 1972, workers compensation insurance in the U.S. became more favorable to workers so that _.A. the poverty level for a family of four went up drasticallyB. more money was allocated to their compensation

25、 systemC. there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claimsD. the number of workers suing for damages increased（分数：4.40）A.B.C.D.(5).The author ends the passage with the implication that _.A. compensation benefits in America are soaring to new heightsB. people from all walks of life can bene

26、fit from the compensation systemC. the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the compensation systemD. money floating in the compensation system is a huge drain on the U.S. economy（分数：4.40）A.B.C.D.四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In our society the razor of necessity cuts close. You must make a bu

27、ck to survive the day. You must work to make a buck. The job is often a chore, rarely a delight. No matter how demeaning the task, no matter how it dulls the senses or breaks the spirit, one must work. Lately there has been a questioning of this “work ethic“, especially by the young. Strangely enoug

28、h, it has touched off profound grievances in others hitherto silent and anonymous.Unexpected precincts are being heard from in a show of discontent by blue collar and white. On the evening bus the tense, pinched faces of young file clerks and elderly secretaries tell us more than we care to know. On

29、 the expressways middle-management men pose without grace behind their wheels, as they flee city and job.In all, there is more than a slight ache. And there dangles the impertinent question: Should there not be another increment, earned though not yet received, to ones daily workan acknowledgment of

30、 a mans being? In fact, what all of us are looking for is a calling, not just a job. Jobs alone are not being enough for people.（分数：20.00）(1).“In our society the razor of necessity cuts close“ in the first line means _.A. there is a shortage of daily necessitiesB. people fight each other for necessi

31、tiesC. most people feel the financial pressureD. everyone lives a hard life（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The “work ethic“ in the first paragraph can be interpreted as _.A. one works mainly to keep body and soul togetherB. one must work not only for money, but also for delightC. one must understand that jobs

32、as choresD. one should earn as much money a day as possible（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Middle-management men flee city and job because _.A. they have lost their graceB. they are tired by the long days workC. they dont want to see the tense and pinched faces of their clerks and secretariesD. they are fright

33、ened by the profound grievances shown by the young people（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The phrase “increment, earned though not yet received“ in the third paragraph means _.A. money one has earned and will be paid laterB. money one has earned, but will not be paid to him/herC. something that one earns throug

34、h a job, but is not counted in terms of payD. something that one earns that has nothing to do with his or her job（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The main idea of this passage is _.A. in modern society people are under great work pressureB. nowadays people want to enjoy life more than do hard workC. work should

35、 be to people more than just a means to surviveD. more jobs of delight should be created for people（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War , an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, “Our enormously productive economy.

36、demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate.“Americans have re

37、sponded to Lebows call, and much of the world has followed.Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the worlds two largest economiesJapan and the United Statesshow consumerist definitions of success becoming ever mo

38、re prevalent.Overconsumption by the worlds fortune is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.Ironically, high consumption may be

39、 a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollowthat, misled by a consumer

40、ism culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.Of course, the opposite of overconsumptionpovertyis no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for t

41、he natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too

42、much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?（分数：20.00）(1).The emergence of the affluent society after World War _.A. led to the reform of the retailing systemB. resulted in the wo

43、rship of consumerismC. gave rise to the dominance of the new egoismD. gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption is _.A. the peoples desire for a rise in their living standardsB. the conc

44、ept that ones success is measured by how much they consumeC. the imbalance that has existed between production and consumptionD. the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?A. Because poverty still exists in an aff

45、luent society.B. Because overconsumption wont last long due to unrestricted population growth.C. Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.D. Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, c

46、onsumerism culture _.A. will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countriesB. will not aggravate environmental problemsC. cannot thrive on a fragile economyD. cannot satisfy human spiritual needs（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that _.A. human spiritual needs should match materia

47、l affluenceB. whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issueC. it remains a problem to keep consumption at a reasonable levelD. there is never an end to satisfying peoples material needs（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.六、Passage 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The next time the men were taken up onto the deck, Ku

48、nta made a point of looking at the man behind him in line, the one who laid beside him to the left when they were below. He was a Serer tribesman much older than Kunta, arid his body, front and back, was creased with whip cuts, some of them so deep and festering that Kunta, felt badly for having wis

49、hed sometimes that he might strike the man in the darkness for moaning so steadily in his pain. Staring back at Kunta, the Serers dark eyes were full of fury and defiance. A whip lashed out even as they stood looking at each otherthis time at Kunta, spurring him to move ahead. Trying to roll away, Kunta was kicked heavily in his ribs. But somehow he and the gasping Wolof managed to stagger back up among the other men from their shelf who were shambling toward